Ops Management lecture 6

1. Chapter six
Quality tools and
techniques

2. Learning objectives
• Identify the different tools of quality
• Understand the purpose and function of
each of the tools
• Describe the use of each tool for quality
improvement
• Apply some of the tools and be able to
interpret the data.

3. 6.1 Introduction
• Tools of quality are used to:
– Identify problems
– Identify root causes
• Solutions can then be planned
• Implementation of solutions by means of quality
improvement techniques

4. 6.2 Tools of quality
• Flow charts
• Figure 6.2

5. 6.2 Tools of quality (cont.)
• Run charts
• Figure 6.3

6. 6.2 Tools of quality (cont.)
• Control charts
• Figure 6.4

7. 6.2 Tools of quality (cont.)
• Check sheets
• Refer to Table 6.1 on page on page 140 of
the textbook.

8. 6.2 Tools of quality (cont.)
• Histograms
• Figure 6.5

9. 6.2 Tools of quality (cont.)
• Pareto analysis
• Figure 6.6

10. 6.2 Tools of quality (cont.)
• Cause-and-effect diagrams
• Figure 6.7

11. 6.2 Tools of quality (cont.)
• Scatter diagrams
• Figure 6.8

12. 6.2 Tools of quality (cont.)
• FMECA
• Failure mode, effects and criticality
analysis
• Class discussion – Table 6.4.

13. 6.3 Quality improvement
techniques
• Benchmarking
– Compare key performance measures with
– Best performers
– To ensure improvement
– Categories:
• Internal
• Functional
• Generic
• Competitive.

14. 6.3 Quality improvement
techniques (cont.)
• Benchmarking (cont.)
– 5 steps
– Purpose:
• Change
• Compare practices
• Challenge current practice
• Improvement.

15. 6.3 Quality improvement
techniques (cont.)
• Six-sigma
– Motorola (1980’s)
– Reduce mistakes/deficits
– Stages: measure, analyse, improve, control
– Benefits
– Requirements

16. 6.3 Quality improvement
techniques (cont.)
• Six-sigma (cont.)
– Phases:
• Define phase
• Measure phase
• Analyse phase
• Improve phase
• Control phase.

17. 6.3 Quality improvement
techniques (cont.)
• Six-sigma (cont.)
– Figure 6.9:
– Problems

18. SIX SIGMA

19. SIX SIGMA

20. 6.3 Quality improvement
techniques (cont.)
• Lean manufacturing
– ‘getting rid of any waste’
• Deming cycle
– PDSA (Plan, Do, Study, Act)
– Class discussion (Figure 6.10).

21. LEAN MANUFACTURING

22. 6.3 Quality improvement
techniques (cont.)
• Pokayoke
– Error proofing a process
– Use of devices to prevent human error
– 2 functions:
• Preventon
• Detection

23. 6.3 Quality improvement
techniques (cont.)
• Pokayoke
– Five error-proofing principles:
• Elimination
• Replacement
• Facilitation
• Detection
• Mitigation

24. POKAYOKE

25. 6.3 Quality improvement
techniques (cont.)
• The five ‘S’ model
– Improve the quality of housekeeping
– Sort - remove and clear all unwanted items
– Set – Arrange items so easy to find and retrieve
– Shine – Sweep, wash, polish. Keep everything clean
– Standardised – Make good housekeeping habits a
habit
– Sustain – Create optimum conditions for good
housekeeping i.e. rewards/recognition

26. Summary
• Various quality tools
• Quality improvement techniques.