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Opioid analgesics
- 1. Opioid Analgesics By – Haider Ali khan (Allana college of pharmacy)
- 2. Definition These are the pain killers , which binds to opioid receptors which are found principally in the: CNS & Gastrointestinal tract
- 4. Mechanism Of Action Opioid drug bind to opioid receptor widely distributed in CNS & other tissues. These are the part of family of G- protein coupled receptors. Opens k+ channels. Prevent opening of Ca2+ channels. Inhibit the release of other neurotransmitters.
- 6. Therepeutics uses Analgesia Acute pulmonary edema Cough suppression Diarrhea Shivering Terminal stages of malignancy Crush injuries & Post operative Pain
- 7. Side Effects Addiction Abuse Tolerance Dependence Confusion Constipation Dizziness Hallucinations Hypotension Death
- 8. Addiction A pattern of compulsive drug use characterized by continuous carving for an opioids & need to use the opioid other then pain relief. The signs and symptoms of substance abuse can be physical, behavioral, and psychological. One clear sign of addiction is not being able to stop using the substance. It is also not being able to stop yourself from using more than the recommended amount.
- 9. Symptoms Other signs and symptoms of opioid abuse include: poor coordination drowsiness shallow or slow breathing rate nausea, vomiting constipation physical agitation poor decision making abandoning responsibilities slurred speech sleeping more or less than normal mood swings euphoria (feeling high depression lowered motivation
- 10. What causes opioid addiction? Opioid drugs alter your brain by creating artificial endorphins. Besides blocking pain, these endorphins make you feel good. Too much opioid use can cause your brain to rely on these artificial endorphins. Once your brain does this, it can even stop producing its own endorphins. The longer you use opioids, the more likely this is to happen. You also will need more opioids over time
- 11. What is drug tolerance? Drug tolerance is when your body, over time, gets used to the effects of a drug. As this happens, you may need to take a higher dose of the drug to get the same effect. When you take opioids over time, you need a higher does to get the same pain relief. If you stop using an opioid for a period of time, your tolerance will begin to fade. If you need to begin taking it again, you most likely will not need your former higher dose. That can be too much for the body to take. If you stop taking a medication, and then resume,
- 12. What is drug dependence? Drug dependence is when the way your body works changes because you have taken a drug for a long time. These changes cause you to have withdrawal symptoms when you stop using the drug. Withdrawal symptoms can be mild or severe, and may include: sweating nausea or vomiting chills diarrhea shaking pain depression
- 13. Opioid addiction treatment Treatment for opioid addiction is different for each person. The main goal of treatment is to help you stop using the drug. Treatment also can help you avoid using it again in the future. These medicines include(opioid Antagonists) Mainly: methadone (often used to treat heroin addiction), buprenorphine naltrexone.
- 14. Methadone and buprenorphine help reduce withdrawal symptoms by targeting the same centers in the brain that opioids target. Only they do not make you feel high. They help restore balance to your brain and allow it to heal.
- 15. Naltrexone Doesn’t help you stop taking opioids. It is for helping prevent you from relapsing. Relapsing means to start taking opioids again. This medicine is different from methadone and buprenorphine because it does not help with cravings or withdrawal.