Narcotic analgesics (opioids) are prescription medications used to treat moderate to severe pain. Examples include codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, methadone, morphine, hydromorphone, and fentanyl. These drugs work in the brain to increase pain threshold and reduce pain perception. Side effects may include constipation, nausea, dizziness, and addiction. Drug interactions and safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding are important considerations when taking narcotic pain medications.

1. BY :- AKANSHA SINGH
ANALGESICS
(NARCOTICS)

2. ANALGESICS :-
 Analgesics are a class of medications designed specifically to relieve pain.
 They include acetaminophen (Tylenol), which is available over the counter
(OTC) or by prescription when combined with another drug, and opioids
(narcotics), which are only available by prescription.
 There are two types of opioids: conventional or atypical.
 They work differently in the body.
 Some medicines combine acetaminophen with an opioid for added pain relief.
 But two opioids should never be taken together.
 The use of opioids for chronic, non-cancer pain is controversial.
 But the drugs are an important treatment option for people with uncontrolled
arthritis pain, particularly if they cannot take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs).
 Because of potential for side effects and accidental overdoses, opioids are tightly
regulated.

3. Examples of narcotic
analgesics are:-
 codeine.
 hydrocodone (Zohydro
ER, Vicodin, Lortab)
 oxycodone (OxyContin, Ro
xicodone, Percocet)
 methadone (Methadose,
Diskets, Dolophine)
 hydromorphone (Dilaudid,
Exalgo)
 morphine (Avinza, Kadian,
MSIR, MS Contin)
 fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic
Sublimaze)
 oxymorphone (Opana)

4.  What are narcotic pain medications (opioids,
analgesics)?
 What are the side effects of pain medications?
 Are pain medications addictive?
 What are the withdrawal symptoms of addiction to
pain medications?
 Which drugs and supplements interact with pain
medications?
 Can I take pain medications if I'm pregnant or
breastfeeding?
 List of examples narcotic pain medication brand
names available in the US
 Where can I get help and support for pain
medication addiction?
 What forms of pain medications are available?

5. What are narcotic pain medications
(opioids, analgesics)?
 Narcotic medications are used for treating moderate to severe pain.
 Narcotic pain medications attach to receptors on nerves in the brain
that increase the threshold to pain (i.e., the amount of stimulation it
takes to feel pain), and reduce the perception of pain (the perceived
importance of the pain).
 Most men and women take narcotic pain medication for short-periods
until the pain lessens or goes away. Some adults have chronic pain,
which requires proper pain management since long term use can
lead to drug addiction and tolerance (the need for increasing
doses). Narcotic pain medication have a high potential for misuse,
abuse, and diversion to supsceptible.
 The CDC has recently developed and published the CDC Guideline
for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain to provide
recommendations for the prescribing of opioid pain medication for
patients 18 and older in primary care settings in 2016

6. What are the side effects of
pain medications?
 Common side effects of
narcotic analgesics include:
 Constipation
 Nausea
 Dizziness
 Sedation
 Itching
 Addiction
 Vomiting
 Abdominal pain
 Headache
 Dry mouth
 Severe side effects of
narcotic analgesics include:
 Trouble breathing (respirato
ry depression)
 Chest pain
 Abnormal heart beats
 Cardiac arrest
 Death

7. Are pain medications addictive?
 Prescription narcotics are the most
commonly abused opioids and the
leading cause of opioid-related
overdose in the U.S. Taking any
opioid - even prescription opioids -
for long periods can result in
dependence, which means if you
suddenly stop taking the drug you
will have withdrawal symptoms. A
small percentage of people taking
narcotics will become addicted.

8. Addiction is a chronic disease
characterized by:-
 Overpowering cravings, with compulsive drug use.
 The inability to control drug use, and continue to use them
despite harm to the self or others.
 Opioid addiction can result in an increased chance of :
 Death
 Overdose
 Infections
 Serious heart infections (endocarditis)
 Narcotic bowel syndrome

9. symptoms of addiction to pain
medications?
 Signs and symptoms of
opioid withdrawal include:
 Abdominal cramps
 Diarrhea
 Nausea/vomiting
 Flu-like
symptoms (fever, sweating
, shivering, runny nose)
 Goosebumps (piloerection)
 Dilated pupils
 High blood
pressure (hypertension)
 Fast heart rate
 Anxiety
 Irritability
 Sleep problems (insomnia)
 Agitation
 Restlessness
 Restless leg
syndrome (RLS)
 Tremors (shaking)
 Yawning
 Loss of appetite
 Dizziness
 Joint or muscle pain
 Leg cramps
 Itching
 Seizures

10. Which drugs and supplements
interact with pain medications?
 Narcotic pain medications should not be
used monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
because of severe reactions that can be fatal.
 phenelzine (Nardil)
 selegiline (Zelapar, Emsam, and Eldepryl)
 tranylcypromine (Parnate)
 procarbazine (Matulane)
 rasagiline (Azilect)
 isocarboxazid (Marplan)

11.  The discontinuation and initiation of narcotics and MAO inhibitors should
be separated by at least 14 days.
 Narcotics should be used with caution with these central nervous system
depressants because of an increased risk of respiratory depression, low
blood pressure, sedation, and in severe cases, coma and death.
 alprazolam (Xanax)
 clonazepam (Klonopin)
 diazepam (Valium)
 zolpidem (Ambien)
 zaleplon (Sonata) and alcohol because of increased risks of
respiratory depression,
 Low blood pressure
 Sedation
 In severe cases, coma and death
 Naloxone (Narcan) is a medication used to reverse the effects of narcotics,
especially in acute overdose situations. In some states, Narcan is available
via a prescription to the public for use in high-risk situations (such as
having a close family member with a recent history of narcotic addiction or
overdose).

12. Can I take pain medications if
I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
 There are no adequate studies of narcotic
pain drugs to determine if their use is safe and
effective during pregnant women. Narcotic
analgesics may pass through breast milk and
affect the baby they should be avoided in females
who are breastfeeding.

13. List of examples narcotic pain
medication brand names available
in the US
 Examples of narcotic analgesics are:
 codeine
 hydrocodone (Zohydro
ER, Vicodin, Lortab)
 oxycodone (OxyContin, Roxicodone, P
ercocet)
 methadone (Methadose,
Diskets, Dolophine)
 hydromorphone (Dilaudid, Exalgo)
 morphine (Avinza, Kadian,
MSIR, MS Contin)
 fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic Sublimaze)
 oxymorphone (Opana)
 meperidine (Demerol)
 tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet, ConZip)

14. Where can I get help and
support for pain medication
addiction?
 Narcotics Anonymous World Wide Services is a global
community based organization with a multicultural
membership.

15. What forms of pain medications
are available?
 Pain medications are available as:
 codeine
 oxycodone
 hydromorphone
 methadone as immediate-release tablets
 oxycodone and morphine extended-release tablets.
 morphine and hydrocodone are available as
extended-release capsules.
 morphine as intravenous, subcutaneous, and
intramuscular injections
 fentanyl oral lozenge (Actiq) and topical patch
(Duragesic)

16. Summary
 Narcotic analgesics (also called opioids) are medications
prescribed to treat moderate to severe pain. Examples
(list) include codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone (OxyContin
Roxicodone, Oxecta, Oxaydo, Xtampza ER, and Roxy
bond), methadone (Dolophine; Methadone HCl Intensol;
Methadose; Methadose Sugar-Free), morphine (Morphine
ER, morphine injection (Astramorph, Duramorph,
Infumorph, and Avinza), hydromorphone (Dilaudid,
Dialudid-5, and Exalgo), fentanyl (Sublimaze, Actiq,
Duragesic, and Fentora).
 Side effects of narcotics include dry mouth, itching,
addiction, headache, dizziness, constipation, and nausea.
Drug interactions, dosing, and pregnancy and
breastfeeding safety information are provided.