opioid poison and its treatment

1. -
PRESENTED BY:-

2. 1. Poison
2. General treatment for poisoning
3. Opioid
4. Therapeutics effects of opioids
5. Adverse effects
6. What is an opioid overdose
7. Treatment of opioid poisoning
8. Naloxone

3. Any substance that can cause severe organ damage or
death if ingested, breathed in, or absorbed through the skin. Many
substances that normally cause no problems, including water and
most vitamins, can be poisonous if taken in excessive quantity.
Poison treatment depends on the substance.
There are several different types of poisoning and they
are classified according to the source of the poison. These can
include:
• Food poisoning
• Drug poisoning
• Alcohol poisoning
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Heavy metal poisoning
• Chemical poisoning

5. Consist of dried latex obtained by incision on unripe capsule of
Papaver somniferum, family Papavareceae.
Opioid contain several alkaloid like Morphine, Codeine,
thebaine, papaverine, noscarpine. Morphine is the main alkaloid.
They are opiates. Other substances causes action similar like opioid
called as opiate analgesics.
Natural opioids:- Morphine, Codeine, thebaine, papaverine.
Semi-synthetic opioid:- heroin, pholcodine.
Synthetic opioid:- Pethidine, methadone, fentanyl.
MOA:-
Works by acting on opioid receptor i.e. Mu (µ), delta (δ), kappa
(κ). They are located at spinal, supraspinal (medulla, midbrain, limbic
system and cortical area) and peripheral nerves.

6. 1. On CNS:
a.) The depressant effects:
i.) Analgesic
ii.) Euphorbia
iii.) Sedation
iv.) Respiratory depression
v.) Cough suppression
b.) The stimulant effects:-
i.) Myosis
ii.) Nausea
iii.) Vomiting
iv.) Vegal Centre: Causes Bradycardia
2. CVS: Vasodilatation. ↓ BP
3. GIT: Causes constipation
4. Urinary Bladder: Causes urinary retention
5. Histamine release: Causes itching, skin rashes, urticaria, vasodilation,
bronchoconstriction.

7. • Nausea, vomiting & constipation
• Respiratory depression
• Hypotension
• Drowsiness, confusion & mental clouding
• Itching & rashes (due to histamine release)
• Drug dependence (physical & psychological dependence).

8. • Rarely instantaneous
• Can happen 1-3 hours after use
• Body has ingested more than it can handle
• Opioid attack receptors that control breathing
• Oxygen can’t get to the brain
• Heart stops
• Pinpoint pupils
• Hypotension
• Respiratory depression
• Unconscious, Coma, Death
• Long-term Brain/Nerve/Physical Damage

9. • Hospitalization
• Maintain airway, breathing & circulation
• Ventilatory support (positive pressure respiration)
• gastric lavage with potassium permanganate
• Methadone and buprenorphine used in replacement therapy
(generally for Opioid Overdose)
• Specific antidote: Naloxone

10. • 2% bioavailability (first pass clearance).
• 0.4-0.8 mg naloxone intravenously used.
• Pure antagonist, competitively blocks opioid receptors.
• Rapidly reverses the respiratory depression.
• Duration of action of naloxone is short, hence repeated
administration is needed till respiration becomes normal.
.

11. Narcan has a stronger
affinity to the opioid
receptors than the heroin,
so it knocks the heroin off
the receptors for a short
time and lets the person
breathe again.
Heroin
Narcan
Opioid
receptor