Opening presentation - Simon Buckle, OECD

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Opening, welcome remarks, and overview of key issues, projections, and challenges. Biodiversity Workshop 25 October 2017

Environment

BIODIVERSITY, CLIMATE
CHANGE AND
AGRICULTURE: TOWARDS
COHERENT APPROACHES
Simon Buckle, Head of Climate, Biodiversity and Water Division
Environment Directorate
OECD workshop
25 October 2017

• Biodiversity and agriculture linkages
• Climate change and agriculture
• The need for coherent approaches
Overview

Land-use change and agriculture is a
key pressure on biodiversity
OECD Environment Directorate
Tilman et al. (2017), “Future threats to biodiversity and pathways to their prevention”, Nature, 546.

Issues embedded in Aichi Targets for
2020: further progress needed
Target 5 : rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least
halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and
fragmentation is significantly reduced
Target 7 : areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed
sustainably, ensuring biodiversity conservation
Target 8 : pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to
levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity
Target 15 : ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon
stocks has been enhanced, … thereby contributing to climate change
mitigation and adaptation…

GHG emissions projections for SSP
Baseline scenarios compared to RCPs
Riahi, K., Van Vuuren, D.P., Kriegler, E., Edmonds, J., O’neill, B.C., Fujimori, S., Bauer, N.,
Calvin, K., Dellink, R., Fricko, O. and Lutz, W., 2017. The shared socioeconomic pathways
and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: an
overview. Global Environmental Change, 42, pp.153-168.

IPCC AR5 GHG emissions pathways
Peak around 2020
Steep emissions
reductions Zero or negative emissions
Source: IPCC (2013) WG1 SPM

Negative emissions technologies
Smith,P.,Davis,S.J.,Creutzig,F.,Fuss,S.,Minx,J.,Gabrielle,
B.,Kato,E.,Jackson,R.B.,Cowie,A.,Kriegler,E.andVan
Vuuren,D.P.,2016.Biophysicalandeconomiclimitstonegative
CO2emissions.NatureClimateChange,6(1),pp.42-50.

• As CO2 levels and temperature rises, this affects
ability of some reservoirs to take up CO2
(increases and decreases)
• Difficult to quantify and manage
• Policy to limit impacts of these feedbacks on
climate change include (Prentice 2015):
– Avoid deforestation (keep stocks and maintain ability
of existing forests to take up new CO2 emissions)
– Limit over-use of fertilisers because of the long-term
effects of N2O [linked N and C-cycles]
Biosphere feedbacks

Issues are interlinked…
Solutions need to be too
Source: Waage G et al, The Lancet,
2015, Governing the UN Sustainable
Development Goals:
interactions, infrastructures, and
institutions

Opening presentation - Simon Buckle, OECD

An overview of the predicted change in energy demand over time, given the projection that economic growth in the emerging and developing countries is not only overtaking growth in the industrialized countries, but that growth rates are poised to continue increasing and will make unsustainable demands on conventional energy resources, and especially fossil fuels unless drastic action, climate action in fact, is taken to address this concern. Slide presentations developed to demonstrate how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) be used to address climate change, and why ICTs are a crucial part of the solution – i.e. in promoting efficiency, Green Growth & sustainable development, in dealing with climate change and for climate and environmental action. These slide presentations were delivered in February 2011 in Seongnam, near Seoul in Korea. These presentations were developed and delivered over 2.5 days on the occasion of a Regional Training of Trainers Workshop for upcoming Academy modules on ICT for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Abatement. These modules were developed as part of the Academy of ICT Essentials for Government leaders developed by the United Nations (UN) Asia Pacific Centre for ICT Training (APCICT), based in Songdo City, in the Republic of South Korea. These presentations were developed in 2011, and are somewhat out of date, but most of the principles still apply. Module 10, which has been published, does not include much of the information outlined in these presentations, which are fairly technical. They were developed to address a significant gap in understanding of the technical basis of using ICTs for climate action and because there is a clear bias in development circles against the importance of dealing with climate change mitigation in developing countries. These presentations are an attempt to redress this lack and are published here with this purpose in mind. The author, Richard Labelle, is presently working on updating these presentations to further highlight the importance of addressing climate change and the important role that technology including ICTs, play in this effort.

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