This document summarizes a presentation on open source security tools. It discusses log normalization with Syslog and Syslog-NG and OSSEC's ability to export logs. It then summarizes OSSEC capabilities like log analysis, file integrity checking, and active response. Next, it discusses how OSSEC can detect host events and network threats. It also provides an example of an OSSEC file integrity alert and log analysis alert. Lastly, it discusses the OSSIM open source SIEM and its ability to provide unified security intelligence through integrated tools and collectors.

1. June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
Vic Hargrave
JB Cheng
Santiago González Bassett

2. Disclaimer
The views and opinions expressed during this conference are those of
the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions
held by the Information Systems Security Association (ISSA), the
Silicon Valley ISSA, the San Francisco ISSA or the San Francisco Bay
Area InfraGard Members Alliance (IMA). Neither ISSA, InfraGard, nor
any of its chapters warrants the accuracy, timeliness or completeness
of the information presented. Nothing in this conference should be
construed as professional or legal advice or as creating a professional-
customer or attorney-client relationship. If professional, legal, or
other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent
professional should be sought.
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
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3. Log Normalization
 Syslog
 Comes default within *Nix operating systems.
 Sylog-NG
 Can be installed in various configurations to take the place
of default syslog.
 Free to use or enterprise version available for purchase.
 Many configuration types to export data.
 OSSEC
 Free to use
 Can export via syslog to other systems.
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
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4. Solving the Open Source Security
Puzzle
 What are the standards?
 Why choose one product over another?
 How do the various security components work
together?
 How does this work in the real world, real
examples.
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
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5. June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
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Understanding Rules
 Customizable rulesets - Enable a security practitioner to
add true intelligence of their environment.

6. Host Event Detection
AIDE(Advanced Intrusion
Detection Environment)
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7. Network Detection Systems
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8. June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
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Event Management

9. What is ?
 Open Source SECurity
 Open Source Host-based Intrusion Detection System
 Provides protection for Windows, Linux, Mac OS, Solaris
and many *nix systems
 http://www.ossec.net
 Founded by Daniel Cid
 Current project managers – JB Cheng and Vic Hargrave
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10. OSSEC Capabilities
 Log analysis
 File Integrity checking (Unix and Windows)
 Registry Integrity checking (Windows)
 Host-based anomaly detection (for Unix – rootkit
detection)
 Active Response
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11. HIDS Advantages
 Monitors system behaviors that are not evident from the
network traffic
 Can find persistent threats that penetrate firewalls and
network intrusion detection/prevention systems
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
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12. tail -f $ossec_alerts/alerts.log
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
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OSSEC
Server
OSSEC
Agents
logs
UDP
1514
logs
UDP
1514
OSSEC Architecture
alerts

13. File Integrity Alert Sample
** Alert 1365550297.8499: mail - ossec,syscheck,
2013 Apr 09 16:31:37 ubuntu->syscheck
Rule: 551 (level 7) -> 'Integrity checksum changed again (2nd time).'
Integrity checksum changed for: '/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels'
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14. Log Analysis Alert Sample
** Alert 1365514728.3680: mail - syslog,dpkg,config_changed,
2013 Apr 09 06:38:48 ubuntu->/var/log/dpkg.log
Rule: 2902 (level 7) -> 'New dpkg (Debian Package) installed.'
2013-04-09 06:38:47 status installed linux-image-3.2.0-40-generic-pae 3.2.0-40.64
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15. PCI DSS Requirement
 10.5.5 - Use file-integrity monitoring or change-detection
software on logs to ensure that existing log data cannot
be changed without generating alerts (although new data
being added should not cause an alert)
 11.5 - Deploy file-integrity monitoring software to alert
personnel to unauthorized modification of critical system
files, configuration files, or content files; and configure
the software to perform critical file comparisons at least
weekly
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16.  Annual gathering of OSSEC users and developers.
 Community members discuss how they are using OSSEC,
what new features they would like and set the roadmap
for future releases.
 OSSEC 2.7.1 soon to be released.
 Planning for OSSEC 3.0 is underway.
 OSSECCON 2013 will be held Thursday July 25th at Trend
Micro’s Cupertino office.
 Please join us there!
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17. June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
Santiago González Bassett
santiago@alienvault.com
@santiagobassett
Alien Vault
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18. About me
 Developer, systems engineer, security
administrator, consultant and researcher in the last
10 years.
 Member of OSSIM project team since its inception.
 Implemented distributed Open Source security
technologies in large enterprise environments for
European and US companies.
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
http://santi-bassett.blogspot.com/
@santiagobassett
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19. What is OSSIM?
OSSIM is the Open Source SIEM – GNU GPL version 3.0
 With over 195,000 downloads it is the most widely
used SIEM in the world.
 Created in 2003, is developed and maintained by
Alien Vault and community contributors.
 Provides Unified and Intelligent Security.
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
http://communities.alienvault.com/
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20. Why OSSIM?
Because provides security Intelligence
 Discards false positives
 Assesses the impact of an attack
 Collaboratively learns about APT
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
Because Unifies security management
 Centralizes information
 Integrates threats detection tools
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21. OSSIM integrated tools
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
Assets
 nmap
 prads
Behavioral monitoring
 fprobe
 nfdump
 ntop
 tcpdump
 nagios
Vulnerability assessment
 osvdb
 openvas
Threat detection
 ossec
 snort
 suricata
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22. OSSIM +200 Collectors
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23. OSSIM Architecture
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
Configuration &
Management
Normalized
Events
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24. OSSIM Anatomy of a collector
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[apache-access]
event_type=event
regexp=“((?P<dst>S+)(:(?P<port>d{1,5}))? )?(?P<src>S+) (?P<id>S+) (?P<user>S+)
[(?P<date>d{2}/w{3}/d{4}:d{2}:d{2}:d{2})s+[+-]d{4}] "(?P<request>.*)”
(?P<code>d{3}) ((?P<size>d+)|-)( "(?P<referer_uri>.*)" ”(?P<useragent>.*)")?$”
src_ip={resolv($src)}
dst_ip={resolv($dst)}
dst_port={$port}
date={normalize_date($date)}
plugin_sid={$code}
username={$user}
userdata1={$request}
userdata2={$size}
userdata3={$referer_uri}
userdata4={$useragent}
filename={$id}
[Raw log]
76.103.249.20 - - [15/Jun/2013:10:14:32 -0700] "GET /ossim/session/login.php HTTP/1.1" 200
2612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like
Gecko) Chrome/27.0.1453.110 Safari/537.36"

25. OSSIM Reliability Assessment
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SSH Failed
authentication event
SSH successful
authentication event
10 SSH Failed
authentication events
100 SSH Failed
authentication events
Persistent
connections
SSH successful
authentication event
1000 SSH Failed
authentication events
SSH successful
authentication event
Reliability

26. OSSIM Risk Assessment
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RISK = (ASSET VALUE * EVENT PRIORITY * EVENT RELIABILITY)/25
Source Destination
Event Priority = 2
Event Reliability = 10
Asset Value = 2 Asset Value = 5

27. OSSIM & OSSEC Integration
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
 Web management interface
 OSSEC alerts plugin
 OSSEC correlation rules
 OSSEC reports
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28. OSSIM Deployment
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
PORT MIRRORING
SYSLOG
WMI
WMI
SYSLO`G
SDEE
SYSLOG
OPSEC
FTP
SDEE
OPSEC
SYSLOG
OSSECSCP
SQL
SAMBA
SYSLOG
SDEE
SYSLOG
SNMP
SYSLOG
LOG COLLECTION
NORMALIZED EVENTS
SENSOR 1
SENSOR 2
SENSOR 3
NORMALIZED DATA
SERVER
SYSLOG
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29. OSSIM Attack Detection
June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
Attack
Attacker
X.X.X.X
Accepted HTTP packet
from X.X.X.X to Y.Y.Y.Y
Attack: WEB-IIS multiple
decode attempt
Vulnerability: IIS Remote
Command Execution
Alert: Low
reputation IPOTX
Alert: IIS attack
detected
Target
Y.Y.Y.Y
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30. OSSIM Demo Use Cases
Detection & Risk assessment
 OTX
 Snort NIDS
 Logical Correlation
 Vulnerability assessment
 Asset discovery
Correlating Firewall logs:
 Cisco ASA plugin
 Network Scan detection
Correlating Windows Events:
 OSSEC integration
 Brute force attack detection
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31. June 18, 2013 – Securing Ubiquity
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Disclaimer
The views and opinions expressed during this conference are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views and
opinions held by the Information Systems Security Association (ISSA), the Silicon Valley ISSA, the San Francisco ISSA or the San
Francisco Bay Area InfraGard Members Alliance (IMA). Neither ISSA, InfraGard, nor any of its chapters warrants the
accuracy, timeliness or completeness of the information presented. Nothing in this conference should be construed as
professional or legal advice or as creating a professional-customer or attorney-client relationship. If professional, legal, or other
expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.
Thank you
Santiago Gonzalez Bassett
santiago@alienvault.com
@santiagobassett
Alien Vault