This presentation gives an overview of the networking and conceptualize the terms of the Satellite networking systems, and also provide a glance of the typical functionality of the satellite system in establishing the worldwide mobile communication system, as well as the broadcasting system.
With the support and encouragement of my faculty and friends developed this presentation...
Thank you
this presentation is about satellite communication which includes working of gps ,vsat ,frequency bands ,needs of communication satellite ,types of satellite ,working ,orbits ,elements involved in working ,transponder ,satellite control center ,satellite network
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Outlines:
History
Definition
Communication system
Architecture
Operation of satellite
Elements
>Space Segment
>Ground Segment
Earth Stations
Digital Earth Station
Orbits
Geostationary Orbit (GSO)
Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO)
Different Satellite Communications : Services
Advantages OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Applications OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Future
Conclusion
this presentation is about satellite communication which includes working of gps ,vsat ,frequency bands ,needs of communication satellite ,types of satellite ,working ,orbits ,elements involved in working ,transponder ,satellite control center ,satellite network
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Outlines:
History
Definition
Communication system
Architecture
Operation of satellite
Elements
>Space Segment
>Ground Segment
Earth Stations
Digital Earth Station
Orbits
Geostationary Orbit (GSO)
Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO)
Different Satellite Communications : Services
Advantages OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Applications OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Future
Conclusion
This presentation covers:
Basics of Satellite communication
Indian Communication satellites
Satellite link and elements of satellite communication
Frequency bands of satellite communication
Different orbits of satellite communication
Link budget calculations
This presentation covers:
Basics of Satellite communication
Indian Communication satellites
Satellite link and elements of satellite communication
Frequency bands of satellite communication
Different orbits of satellite communication
Link budget calculations
A satellite system is a set of gravitationally bound objects in orbit around a planetary-mass object or minor planet, or its barycenter. Generally speaking, it is a set of natural satellites (moons), although such systems may also consist of bodies such as circumplanetary disks, ring systems, moonlets, minor-planet moons, and artificial satellites any which may themselves have satellite systems of their own.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Satellite Systems
Mobile Computing
• What is a Satellite?
• Types of Satellites
• History
• Basics
• Applications
• Routing
• Localization
• Handover
4. What is a Satellite?
A satellite is an object in space that orbits or
circles around a bigger object.
Example: Earth is a satellite because it orbits around the sun.
Moon and ISS are a satellites because they orbits
earth. Note: Earth and Moon are called “natural satellites”
9. History
1945 – Arthur C. Clarke published his essay on ‘Extra Terrestrial Relays’.
1957 – The first satellite SPUTNIK launched by Soviet Union.
1960 – the first reflecting communication satellite ECHO was launched by
the America.
1963 – The first geostationary satellite SYNCOM.
1965 – The first commercial geostationary communication satellite
INTELSAT 1 (Early Bird).
INTELSAT2(1967) and INTELSAT3(1969)
1976 – Three MARISAT satellites offering worldwide maritime
communication.
1982 – The first mobile satellite telephone system, INMARSAT-A.
1988 – INMARSAT-C, the first satellite to offer mobile and data services.
1993 – INMARSAT-M helped in digitalizing the satellite telephone systems.
1998 – The global satellite systems were introduced for small mobile
phones
11. BASICS: ORBIT TYPES
LEO = Low Earth Orbit (100 – 1,500
km)
MEO = Medium Earth Orbit (5,000 –
10,000 km)
GEO = Geostationary Earth Orbit
(36,000 km)
HEO = Highly Elliptical Orbit
12. BASICS: ORBIT TYPES
TYPE LEO MEO GEO
Description Low Earth Orbit Medium Earth Orbit Geostationary Earth Orbit
Height 100 – 300 miles 6,000 – 12,000 miles 22,300 miles
Time in LOS 15 min 2 – 4 Hours 24 Hours
Merits
1. Lower launch costs
2. Very short round trip
delays
3. Small path loss
1. Moderate launch cost
2. Small round trip delays
1. Covers 42.2% of the earth’s surface
2. Constant View
3. No problems due to Doppler
Demerits
1. Short Life
2. Encounters Radiation
belts
3. Short LOS
1. Round trip delays
2. Greater path loss
1. Larger round trip delays
2. Expensive equipment due to weak
signal
14. BASICS
A Satellite orbit the Earth in one of the two
basic types of orbit.
Circular satellite orbit:
• For a circular orbit, the distance from the Earth remains same at all
times.
Elliptical satellite orbit:
• The elliptical orbit changes the distance to the Earth.
15. BASICS
Circular orbit of the Satellite:
gravitational force
centrifugal force
m is the mass of the satellite.
R is the radius of earth (i.e., 6370Km)
r is the distance of the satellite to the centre of the earth.
g is the acceleration of the gravity with g=9.81 m/s2
ω is the angular velocity with ω = 2 ∙∏∙f, where f is the frequency of the rotation.
Fg = m g (R/r)2
Fc = m ∙ r ∙ ω2
16. BASICS
To keep the satellite in a stable orbit
the following equation
, both forces must be equal.
The distance r = (g·R2/(2·π·f)2)1/3
Fg =
Fc
17. DEPENDENCY OF SATELLITE PERIOD AND DISTANCE TO THE EARTH
Satellite
period [h]
velocity [x1000 km/h]
Synchronous distance
35,786 km
radius
18. INCLINATION ANGLE
The inclination angle δ is defined as the angle
between the equatorial plane and the
plane described by the satellite orbit.
Perigee, the closest point to the earth(not
circular).
20. ELEVATION ANGLE
The elevation angle ε is defined as the angle
between the center of the satellite beam
and the plane tangential to the earth’s
surface.
Also called as Footprint
Footprint
21. ELEVATION ANGLE OF A SATELLITE
ε
Elevation:
angle ε between center of satellite
beam and surface
Minimal elevation:
elevation needed at least
to communicate with the satellite
23. APPLICATIONS
Weather forecasting
– Monitoring the geographic movements of the
earth and forward the surveillance in the form of
pictures using infra red or visible light.
Radio and TV broadcast
– Broadcasting of the programs with the help of
satellite dishes comprising of 30-40 cm of
diameter
24. APPLICATIONS
Military satellites
– Used for the carrying out espionage
– Safe from attack by enemies
Satellites for navigation
– GPS (Geo Positioning System)
– This system allows precision localization worldwide
Global mobile communications
– The latest trend for satellites is the support of global
mobile data communication
26. ROUTING
Gateways and fixed terrestrial networks
User sends data up to a satellite.
Data forwarded across multiple gateways to reach the
receiver.
Routing takes place in fixed networks.
Limitations:
This requires two uplinks and two downlinks
27. ROUTING
Inter satellite links (ISL)
Traffic can be routed between the satellites.
Only one uplink and one downlink per direction needed
for the connection of two users.
Routing within the satellites reduces the number of
Gateways needed on earth.
Limitations:
More complex focusing of antennas between satellites
High system complexity due to moving routers.
28. footprint
ISDN PSTN GSM
User Data
Base Station
Or Gateway
Small cells
(Spot Beams)
Inter Satellite Link
[ISL]
Mobile User Link
(MUL)
Gateway Link
(GWL) GWL
MWL
TYPICAL SATELLITE SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATIONS
30. LOCALIZATION
Satellite localization:
Mechanism is similar to traditional cellular networks.
Satellites are termed as ‘Base Station’ (movable).
Gateways maintains several registers:
– Home Location Register (HLR)
• Stores the static information about the user’s current location
– Visitor Location Register (VLR)
• Stores the last known location of a mobile user.
– Satellite User Mapping Register (SUMR)
• Current position of satellites and a mapping of each user to the current
satellite
31. LOCALIZATION
Registration of Base Station:
The mobile station initially sends a signal which one or several
satellites can receive.
Satellites receiving such a signal report this event to a
gateway.
The gateway can now determine the location of the user via
the location of the satellites.
User data requested from his/her HLR, VLR and SUMR are
updated
32. LOCALIZATION
Calling a Mobile Station:
Similar to GSM
Call gets forwarded to Gateway
Gateway localizes the mobile station using HLR and VLR.
SUMR finds the appropriate satellite for communication and
the connection can be set up.
34. HANDOVER
Def: “The process of transferring satellite control responsibility
from one earth station to another without loss or interruption of
service”
Each satellite represents a base station for a mobile
phone.
Compared to terrestrial networks, additional
instances of handover required due to the
movement of the satellites.
35. HANDOVER
• Intra – satellite handover
• Inter – satellite handover
• Gateway handover
• Inter – system handover
Examples:
Iridium (77 electrons)
36. HANDOVER
Intra – Satellite Handover:
– User move from one spot beam to another
– Special antennas of Satellites can create several spot
beams
– The same effect can be produced even in the
movement of the satellite.
Inter – Satellite Handover:
– leaving one footprint or satellite moves away
– Handover from one footprint to another footprint
– Can also takes place between satellites (ISL).
37. HANDOVER
Gateway Handover:
– Handover from one gateway to another
– Mobile station is still in the footprint of a satellite, but
gateway leaves the footprint
Inter-System Handover:
– Handover between satellite systems and terrestrial
cellular systems
– Mobile station can reach a terrestrial network again
which might be cheaper, has a low latency
38. footprint
ISDN PSTN GSM
User Data
Base Station
Or Gateway
Small cells
(Spot Beams)
Inter Satellite Link
[ISL]
Mobile User Link
(MUL)
Gateway Link
(GWL) GWL
MWL
Satellite System (Communication)
39. Satellite systems are not aimed to replace the classical
terrestrial networking system but complimenting them.
Satellites remain the best utilization for communications
based upon the speed and other advantages as
mentioned in this presentation.