this presentation is about satellite communication which includes working of gps ,vsat ,frequency bands ,needs of communication satellite ,types of satellite ,working ,orbits ,elements involved in working ,transponder ,satellite control center ,satellite network
this presentation is about satellite communication which includes working of gps ,vsat ,frequency bands ,needs of communication satellite ,types of satellite ,working ,orbits ,elements involved in working ,transponder ,satellite control center ,satellite network
Attitude & orbital control system, TTC & M system, Power system, Communication subsystem, Satellite antenna, Space qualification, Equipment Reliability, redundancy
This presentation covers:
Basics of Satellite communication
Indian Communication satellites
Satellite link and elements of satellite communication
Frequency bands of satellite communication
Different orbits of satellite communication
Link budget calculations
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
hiee guyes this is swapnil thaware here i uploaded slide for your knowledge if you want more detail msg me on fb or mail i will help you
thanking you and slideshare.com
Attitude & orbital control system, TTC & M system, Power system, Communication subsystem, Satellite antenna, Space qualification, Equipment Reliability, redundancy
This presentation covers:
Basics of Satellite communication
Indian Communication satellites
Satellite link and elements of satellite communication
Frequency bands of satellite communication
Different orbits of satellite communication
Link budget calculations
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
hiee guyes this is swapnil thaware here i uploaded slide for your knowledge if you want more detail msg me on fb or mail i will help you
thanking you and slideshare.com
Satellite Mobile Communication covering the following topics:-
Introduction
Types of Satellite
Basics
How they Work??
Communication Technologies Used
Call Routing
Handoff Management
Road Map
Application
VSAT Conference London, 16-18 September 2015 - Antonio Bove, Director Product...Antonio Bove
Yahsat’s third satellite, Al Yah 3, is scheduled for service launch in early 2017, extending the company’s commercial Ka-band coverage to an additional 19 countries and 600 million users across Brazil and Africa. Al Yah 3 will cover more than 95% of Brazil’s population. Yahsat is committed in expanding its footprint in growing markets, strengthening Yahsat’s position as the world’s eighth largest operator in terms of revenue.
A ground reality about biodiesel with India-specific focus, this presentation talks about the if's and but's of biodiesel production in India using Jatropha at this hour of the fuel crisis.
Galileo is Europe’s programme for a global navigation satellite system, providing a highly
accurate, guaranteed global positioning service, interoperable with the US GPS and Russian
Glonass systems. It consists of 30 satellites and ground infrastructure.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• WORKING
• ORBITS
• FREQUENCY ALLOCATION FOR SATELLITE
SYSTEMS
• SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLES
• ADVANTAGES OF SATELLITE
COMMUNICATION
• DISADVANTAGES OF SATELLITE
COMMUNICATION
• APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUSION
3. INTRODUCTION
The word satellite originated from the Latin word “Satellit”-
meaning an attendant, one who is constantly hovering around &
attending to a “master”
A satellite is simply any body that moves around another (usually
much larger) one in a mathematically predictable path called an
orbit
4.
5. WORKING
• The basic elements of a satellite communications system are shown in next
slide. The process begins at an earth station an installation designed to
transmit and receive signals from a satellite in orbit around the
• earth.
• Earth stations send information in the form of high powered, high
frequency (GHz range) signals to satellites which receive and retransmit the
signals back to earth where they are received by other earth stations in the
coverage area of the satellite.
•
6. CONT.........
•The area which receives a signal of useful strength from
the satellite is known as the satellite's footprint.
•The transmission system from the earth station to the
satellite is called the uplink, and the system from the
satellite to the earth station is called the downlink.
7.
8. ORBITS
GEO: ~ 36000 km from
the earth
MEO: 6000 - 20000 km
LEO: 500 - 1500 km
HEO: Highly Elliptical Orbit
Elliptical orbits are
difficulties from radiation belts.
9. GEOSTATIONARY EARTH
ORBIT (GEO)
• Objects in Geostationary orbit revolve around the earth at the same speed as the
earth rotates
• This means GEO satellites remain in the same position relative to the surface of
earth
• Because of the long distance from earth it gives a large coverage area, almost a
fourth of the earth’s surface but, this distance also cause it to have both a
comparatively weak signal and a time delay in the signal, which is bad for point to
point communication.
High transmit power needed and launching of satellites to orbit are complex and
expensive.
Not useful for global coverage for small mobile phones and data transmission, typically
used for radio and TV transmission
10. MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT (MEO)
• MEO satellites have a larger coverage area than LEO satellites
• A MEO satellite’s longer duration of visibility and wider footprint
means fewer satellites are needed in a MEO network than a LEO
network
• A MEO sMEO satellites have a larger coverage area than LEO
satellites
• A MEO satellite’s longer duration of visibility and wider footprint
means fewer satellites are needed in a MEO network than a LEO
network
• A MEO satellite’s distance gives it a longer time delay and weaker
signal than a LEO satellite, though not as bad as a GEO satellite
• atellite’s distance gives it a longer time delay and weaker signal
than a LEO satellite, though not as bad as a GEO satellite
11. LOW EARTH ORBIT (LEO)
•LEO satellites are much closer to the earth than GEO satellites,
ranging from 500 to 1,500 km above the surface
•LEO satellites don’t stay in fixed position relative to the
surface, and are only visible for 15 to 20 minutes each pass
•A network of LEO satellites is necessary for LEO satellites to
be useful to handover necessary from one satellite to another
need for routing.
12.
13. FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS
•Frequency bands for satellite services are shared
•with terrestrial services
•Satellite signal strength is constrained to avoid interface
by it to others
•Thus a large antenna and sensitive receiver are
•needed at the earth station
14. CONT............
•Many satellites have to share a limited frequency
•band,thus co-ordination in frequency and orbital
•Location is important
•Frequency allocation all done by international
•agreements
15. FREQUENCY BANDS
• Different kinds of satellites use different frequency
• bands
• L-Band:1 to 2 GHz
• S-Band:2 to 4 GHz
• C-Band:4 to 8 GHz
• X-Band:8 to 12.5 GHz
• Ku-Band:12.5 to 26.5 GHz
• K-Band:18 to 26.5 GHz
• Ka-Band:26.5 to 40 GHz
16. SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLES
• In spaceflight, a launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket used to carry a
payload from Earth's surface into outer space.
• A launch system includes the launch vehicle, the launch pad, and other
infrastructure.
• Although a carrier rocket's payload is often an artificial satellite placed
into orbit, some spaceflights, such as sounding rockets, are suborbital, while
others enable spacecraft to escape Earth orbit entirely.
• One of the example for satellite launch vehicle is PSLV(Polar Satellite
• Launch Vehicle)
17. PSLV
• The PSLV is one of world's most reliable launch vehicles.
• It has been in service for over twenty years and has launched various
satellites
• Historic missions like Chandrayaan-1, Mars Orbiter Mission, Space
Capsule Recovery Experiment, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite
System (IRNSS) etc.
• PSLV remains a favourite among various organisations as a launch service
provider and has launched over 40 satellites for 19 countries.
• In 2008 it created a record for most number of satellites placed in orbit in
one launch by launching 10 satellites into various Low Earth Orbits.
18. VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS
Height : 44 m
•Diameter : 2.8 m
•Number of Stages : 4
•Lift Off Mass : 320 tonnes (XL)
•Variants : 3 (PSLV-G, PSLV - CA, PSLV - XL)
•First Flight : September 20, 1993
19. CONT.........
• Payload to SSPO: 1,750 kg
• PSLV earned its title 'the Workhorse of ISRO' through consistently delivering various satellites to Low Earth Orbits,
particularly the IRS series of satellites.
• It can take up to 1,750 kg of payload to Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits of 600 km altitude.
• Payload to Sub GTO: 1,425 kg
• Due to its unmatched reliability, PSLV has also been used to launch various satellites into Geosynchronous and
Geostationary orbits, like satellites from the IRNSS constellation.
• Fourth Stage: PS4
• The PS4 is the uppermost stage of PSLV, comprising of two Earth storable liquid engines.
• Engine : 2 x PS-4
• Fuel : MMH + MON
• Max. Thrust : 7.6 x 2 kN
20. CONT......
• Third Stage: PS3
• The third stage of PSLV is a solid rocket motor that provides the upper stages high thrust after the atmospheric phase of the launch.
• Fuel : HTPB
• Max. Thrust : 240 kN
• Second Stage: PS2
• PSLV uses an Earth storable liquid rocket engine for its second stage, know as the Vikas engine, developed by Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre.
• Engine : Vikas
• Fuel : UDMH + N O
• Max. Thrust : 799 kN
• First Stage: PS1
• PSLV uses the S139 solid rocket motor that is augmented by 6 solid strap-on boosters.
• Engine : S139
• Fuel : HTPB
• Max. Thrust : 4800 kN
21. ADVANTAGES
•The coverage area of a satellite greatly exceeds
•that of a terrestrial system
•Transmission cost of a satellite is independent of
•the distance from the centre of the coverage area
•Satellite to satellite communication is very precise
•Higher bandwidths are available for use
22. DISADVANTAGES
•Launching satellites into orbits is costly
•Satellite bandwidth is gradually becoming used up
There is larger propagation delay in satellite comm-
unication than in terrestrial communication
23.
24. APPLICATIONS
• Telephony
- Fixed points, earth station, Satellite, earth station, fixed points.
• Television & Radio
- e.g. Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) & Fixed service satellite (FFS)
• Mobile satellite technology
- Special antenna called mobile satellite antenna.
• Amateur radio
- Access to OSCAR satellite.
- Low earth orbits.
• Internet
- High Speed.
- Useful for far away places.
• Military
- Uses geostationary satellites.
29. CONCLUSIONS........
•Satellite systems are not aimed to replace terrestrial system but
at complementing them
•GEO’s are ideal for TV and Radio broadcasting and they do
not need handover because of its larger footprint.
•Lifetime of GEO’s are rather high, about 15 years
•LEO’s need a network of satellites and are appropriate for
voice communications
•In LEO’s handover is frequent and routing is must
•MEO’s are in between LEO’s and GEO’s in every aspect