This document proposes a one-time password generation scheme using a mathematical random function in sphere space for mid-sized applications. It generates one-time passwords from a spherical random number space to produce thousands of unique passwords at once. The scheme was tested and shown to authenticate one user in seconds, 100 users in 28 seconds, and 1000 users in under 10 minutes. Future work could enhance the scheme with additional visual encoding techniques to further protect against botnets with image processing capabilities.
This OTP presentation explains a whole overview of OTP, Method of Generating, Algorithm, Security and Performance Analysis, Method of Delivering, and N-Factor Authentication.
One Time Password - A two factor authentication systemSwetha Kogatam
One Time password , commonly referred as two-factor authentication which greatly enhances the security feature in the present era. OTP is developed based on HMAC algorithm.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This OTP presentation explains a whole overview of OTP, Method of Generating, Algorithm, Security and Performance Analysis, Method of Delivering, and N-Factor Authentication.
One Time Password - A two factor authentication systemSwetha Kogatam
One Time password , commonly referred as two-factor authentication which greatly enhances the security feature in the present era. OTP is developed based on HMAC algorithm.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
PortalGuard’s Flexible Two-factor Authentication options are designed as strong authentication methods for securing web applications. PortalGuard leverages a one-time password (OTP) as a factor to further prove a user's identity. The OTP can be delivered via SMS, email, printer, and transparent token. Configurable by user, group or application this is a cost effective approach to stronger authentication security.
Tutorial: http://pg.portalguard.com/flexible_two-factor_tutorial
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
TWO FACTOR AUTHENTICATION - COMPREHENSIVE GUIDECTM360
Most services nowadays require signup and login procedures that are based on usernames and passwords. Unfortunately, single-factor authentication is not enough to protect accounts especially at the rate at which technologies are evolving, as hackers become more sophisticated and are able to compromise accounts in a matter of seconds. To top it all off, every year billions of usernames and passwords are stolen and sold on dark web markets, and as a result, many users become victims to identity theft and data loss.
Adding Two Factor Authentication to your App with AuthyNick Malcolm
This talk explains what two factor authentication is, and how to implement it in a Ruby on Rails app with Authy.
Originally presented at Auckland Ruby Nights on April 23 2015: http://www.meetup.com/aucklandruby/events/221958178/
Password authentication with smart card is one of the simplest and efficient authentication mechanisms to ensure secure communication over insecure network environments. Recently, Tsai et al. proposed an improved password authentication scheme for smart card. Their scheme is more secure than the other previous schemes. In this paper, we show Tsai et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to password guessing attack and has computational overhead. Furthermore, we propose an enhanced password authentication scheme to eliminate the security vulnerability and enhance the overhead. By presenting concrete analysis of security and performance, we show that the proposed scheme cannot only resist various well known attacks, but also is more efficient than the other related works, and thus is feasible for practical applications.
Avoiding Two-factor Authentication? You're Not AlonePortalGuard
The extra factors are implemented to prove the user’s identity beyond a simple password. The definition states that to be two-factor authentication it must require the user to provide at least two of the factors listed above.
http://www.portalguard.com
3 reasons your business can't ignore Two-Factor AuthenticationFortytwo
Login security breaches have become commonplace in recent years. We hear about phishing attacks, stolen passwords and malware that collects all of our keystrokes. Once these data breaches would have instigated a call to use stronger and more complex passwords, however research has shown that two-thirds of all breaches are specifically the result of weak or stolen passwords. The one-time reliable password has become the weakest link.
This is where two-factor authentication (2FA) steps in.
Two-factor authentication is a simple yet an extremely powerful way of increasing security via the user logon sequence by simply adding a second factor of authentication to the standard username and password.
Security Analysis of Mobile Authentication Using QR-Codes csandit
The QR-Code authentication system using mobile application is easily implemented in a mobile
device with high recognition rate without short distance wireless communication support such
as NFC. This system has been widely used for physical authentication system does not require a
strong level of security. The system also can be implemented at a low cost. However, the system
has a vulnerability of tampering or counterfeiting, because of the nature of the mobile
application that should be installed on the user’s smart device. In this paper we analyze the
vulnerabilities about each type of architectures of the system and discuss the concerns about the
implementation aspect to reduce these vulnerabilities.
Everyone has at least one password, but that's not enough anymore. When is that not enough? Passwords get out of your hands all the time. You know your password, but what about using something you have in addition to what you know. Let's look at how you can leverage your mobile device for added security, and implement it in your projects. This talk will cover how two factor auth works, how to use it and the ins and outs of rolling your own solution using Time-based One-time Password (TOTP) (and the Google Authenticator app) or a third party service and the pitfalls of both. AWS, Mailchimp, Dropbox and Facebook integrate two factor authentication and you can too! There's no reason not to use it!
An Enhanced Security System for Web Authentication IJMER
Web authentication has low security in these days. Todays, For Authentication purpose,
Textual passwords are commonly used; however, users do not follow their requirements. Users tend to
choose meaningful words from dictionaries, which make textual passwords easy tobreak and vulnerable
to dictionary or brute force attacks. Also, Textual passwords can be identified by 3rd
party software’s.
Many available graphicalpasswords have a password space that is less than or equal to the textual
passwordspace. Smart cards or tokens can be stolen.There are so many biometric authentications have
been proposed; however, users tend to resistusing biometrics because of their intrusiveness and the effect
on their privacy. Moreover,biometrics cannot be evoked.In this paper, we present and evaluate our
contribution,i.e., the OTP and 3-D password. A one-time password (OTP) is a password that isvalid for
only one login session or transaction. OTPs avoid a number of shortcomingsthat are associated with
traditional (static) passwords. The most important shortcoming that is addressed by OTPs is that, in
contrast to static passwords, they are not vulnerable to replay attacks. It means that a potential intruder
who manages to record an OTPthat was already used to log into a service or to conduct a transaction
will not be able toabuse it, since it will be no longer valid. The 3-D password is a multifactor
authenticationscheme. To be authenticated, we present a 3-D virtual environment where the
usernavigates and interacts with various objects. The sequence of actions and interactionstoward the
objects inside the 3-D environment constructs the user’s 3-D password.
Efficient Multi Server Authentication and Hybrid Authentication MethodIJCERT
Password is used for authentication on many major client-server system, websites etc. Client and a server share a password using Password-authenticated key exchange to authenticate each other and establish a cryptographic key by exchanging generated exchanges. In this scenario, all the passwords are stored in a single server which will authenticate the client. If the server stopped working or compromised, for example, hacking or even insider attack, passwords stored in database will become publicly known. This system proposes that setting where multiple servers which are used to, so that the password can be split in these servers authenticate client and if one server is compromised, the attacker still cannot be able to view the client’s information from the compromised server. This system uses the Advance encryption standard algorithm encryption and for key exchange and some formulae to store the password in multiple server. This system also has the hybrid authentication as another phase to make it more secure and efficient. In the given authentication schema we also use SMS integration API for two step verification.
PortalGuard’s Flexible Two-factor Authentication options are designed as strong authentication methods for securing web applications. PortalGuard leverages a one-time password (OTP) as a factor to further prove a user's identity. The OTP can be delivered via SMS, email, printer, and transparent token. Configurable by user, group or application this is a cost effective approach to stronger authentication security.
Tutorial: http://pg.portalguard.com/flexible_two-factor_tutorial
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
TWO FACTOR AUTHENTICATION - COMPREHENSIVE GUIDECTM360
Most services nowadays require signup and login procedures that are based on usernames and passwords. Unfortunately, single-factor authentication is not enough to protect accounts especially at the rate at which technologies are evolving, as hackers become more sophisticated and are able to compromise accounts in a matter of seconds. To top it all off, every year billions of usernames and passwords are stolen and sold on dark web markets, and as a result, many users become victims to identity theft and data loss.
Adding Two Factor Authentication to your App with AuthyNick Malcolm
This talk explains what two factor authentication is, and how to implement it in a Ruby on Rails app with Authy.
Originally presented at Auckland Ruby Nights on April 23 2015: http://www.meetup.com/aucklandruby/events/221958178/
Password authentication with smart card is one of the simplest and efficient authentication mechanisms to ensure secure communication over insecure network environments. Recently, Tsai et al. proposed an improved password authentication scheme for smart card. Their scheme is more secure than the other previous schemes. In this paper, we show Tsai et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to password guessing attack and has computational overhead. Furthermore, we propose an enhanced password authentication scheme to eliminate the security vulnerability and enhance the overhead. By presenting concrete analysis of security and performance, we show that the proposed scheme cannot only resist various well known attacks, but also is more efficient than the other related works, and thus is feasible for practical applications.
Avoiding Two-factor Authentication? You're Not AlonePortalGuard
The extra factors are implemented to prove the user’s identity beyond a simple password. The definition states that to be two-factor authentication it must require the user to provide at least two of the factors listed above.
http://www.portalguard.com
3 reasons your business can't ignore Two-Factor AuthenticationFortytwo
Login security breaches have become commonplace in recent years. We hear about phishing attacks, stolen passwords and malware that collects all of our keystrokes. Once these data breaches would have instigated a call to use stronger and more complex passwords, however research has shown that two-thirds of all breaches are specifically the result of weak or stolen passwords. The one-time reliable password has become the weakest link.
This is where two-factor authentication (2FA) steps in.
Two-factor authentication is a simple yet an extremely powerful way of increasing security via the user logon sequence by simply adding a second factor of authentication to the standard username and password.
Security Analysis of Mobile Authentication Using QR-Codes csandit
The QR-Code authentication system using mobile application is easily implemented in a mobile
device with high recognition rate without short distance wireless communication support such
as NFC. This system has been widely used for physical authentication system does not require a
strong level of security. The system also can be implemented at a low cost. However, the system
has a vulnerability of tampering or counterfeiting, because of the nature of the mobile
application that should be installed on the user’s smart device. In this paper we analyze the
vulnerabilities about each type of architectures of the system and discuss the concerns about the
implementation aspect to reduce these vulnerabilities.
Everyone has at least one password, but that's not enough anymore. When is that not enough? Passwords get out of your hands all the time. You know your password, but what about using something you have in addition to what you know. Let's look at how you can leverage your mobile device for added security, and implement it in your projects. This talk will cover how two factor auth works, how to use it and the ins and outs of rolling your own solution using Time-based One-time Password (TOTP) (and the Google Authenticator app) or a third party service and the pitfalls of both. AWS, Mailchimp, Dropbox and Facebook integrate two factor authentication and you can too! There's no reason not to use it!
An Enhanced Security System for Web Authentication IJMER
Web authentication has low security in these days. Todays, For Authentication purpose,
Textual passwords are commonly used; however, users do not follow their requirements. Users tend to
choose meaningful words from dictionaries, which make textual passwords easy tobreak and vulnerable
to dictionary or brute force attacks. Also, Textual passwords can be identified by 3rd
party software’s.
Many available graphicalpasswords have a password space that is less than or equal to the textual
passwordspace. Smart cards or tokens can be stolen.There are so many biometric authentications have
been proposed; however, users tend to resistusing biometrics because of their intrusiveness and the effect
on their privacy. Moreover,biometrics cannot be evoked.In this paper, we present and evaluate our
contribution,i.e., the OTP and 3-D password. A one-time password (OTP) is a password that isvalid for
only one login session or transaction. OTPs avoid a number of shortcomingsthat are associated with
traditional (static) passwords. The most important shortcoming that is addressed by OTPs is that, in
contrast to static passwords, they are not vulnerable to replay attacks. It means that a potential intruder
who manages to record an OTPthat was already used to log into a service or to conduct a transaction
will not be able toabuse it, since it will be no longer valid. The 3-D password is a multifactor
authenticationscheme. To be authenticated, we present a 3-D virtual environment where the
usernavigates and interacts with various objects. The sequence of actions and interactionstoward the
objects inside the 3-D environment constructs the user’s 3-D password.
Efficient Multi Server Authentication and Hybrid Authentication MethodIJCERT
Password is used for authentication on many major client-server system, websites etc. Client and a server share a password using Password-authenticated key exchange to authenticate each other and establish a cryptographic key by exchanging generated exchanges. In this scenario, all the passwords are stored in a single server which will authenticate the client. If the server stopped working or compromised, for example, hacking or even insider attack, passwords stored in database will become publicly known. This system proposes that setting where multiple servers which are used to, so that the password can be split in these servers authenticate client and if one server is compromised, the attacker still cannot be able to view the client’s information from the compromised server. This system uses the Advance encryption standard algorithm encryption and for key exchange and some formulae to store the password in multiple server. This system also has the hybrid authentication as another phase to make it more secure and efficient. In the given authentication schema we also use SMS integration API for two step verification.
GENERATION OF SECURE ONE-TIME PASSWORD BASED ON IMAGE AUTHENTICATIONcscpconf
Phishing, a serious security threat to Internet users is an e-mail fraud in which the perpetrator
sends out an email which looks like legitimate, in an order to gather personal and financial
information of the receiver. It is important to prevent such phishing attacks. One of the ways to
prevent the password theft is to avoid using passwords and to authenticate a user without a text
password. In this paper, we are proposing an authentication service that is image based and
which eliminates the need for text passwords. Using the instant messaging service available in
internet, user will obtain the One Time Password (OTP) after image authentication. This OTP
then can be used by user to access their personal accounts. The image based authentication
method relies on the user’s ability to recognize pre-chosen categories from a grid of pictures.
This paper integrates Image based authentication and HMAC based one time password to
achieve high level of security in authenticating the user over the internet. These algorithms are
very economical to implement provided they are time synchronized with the user.
A secure communication in smart phones using two factor authenticationeSAT Journals
Abstract Most secure systems face security attacks mainly at the client side. Two Factor Authentication (TFA) provides improved protection to the system at the client side by prompting to provide something they know and something they have. This system uses a one time password(OTP) generation method which doesn’t require client-server communication, which frees the system from cost of sending a dynamic password each time the client wants to login. The OTP generation uses the factors that are unique to the user and is installed on a smart phone in Android platform owned by the user. An OTP is valid for a minutes time, after which, is useless. The system thus provides better client level security – a simple low cost method which protects system from hacking techniques like key logging, phishing, shoulder surfing, etc. Keywords—Authentication, OTP, key logging, phishing
A secure communication in smart phones using two factor authenticationseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A new approach “ring” for restricting web pages from script accesseSAT Journals
Abstract Web Pages which are meant for user registration or Comment in Blogs or Online Polls or logging in to a web portal or getting indexed in search engines are open to be accessed by scripts. It means it cannot be known whether the page being requested from a Human user or from a machine. There are different Websites who provides specific API to be used by scripts, for example: API for sending SMS through script. But there may be situations where a web page may need to be restricted from script access i.e. user must be a Human Being. Few popular techniques for restricting the web page from script access are “use of CAPTCHA” or “use of OTP”. In this paper a different approach named as “RinG: Random id name Generator” is proposed and then the popularly used approaches have been compared with different parameters. Keywords: Captcha, OTP (One time Password) , RinG , API.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
we propose here a novel system for protecting finger print privacy by combining two different fingerprints into a new identity. In the enrollment, two fingerprints are captured from two different fingers
Thus, a new virtual identity is created for the two different fingerprints, which can be matched using minutiae-based fingerprint matching technique.
TEXTUAL passwords have been the most widely used authentication method for decades. Comprised of number sand upper- and lower-case letters, textual passwords are considered strong enough to resist against brute force
attacks. However, a strong textual password is hard to memorize and recollect .Therefore, users tend to choose passwords that are either short or from the dictionary, rather than random alphanumeric strings.
Various graphical password authentication schemes
were developed to address the problems and weaknesses associated with textual passwords. Based on some studies such as those in , humans have a better ability to memorize images with long-term memory(LTM) than verbal representations. Image-based passwords were proved to be easier to recollect in several user studies As a result, users can set up a complex authentication password and are capable of recollecting it after a long time even if the memory is not activated periodically.
The human actions such as choosing bad passwords for
new accounts and inputting passwords in an insecure way for later logins are regarded as the weakest link in the authentication chain [16]. Therefore, an authentication scheme should be designed to overcome these vulnerabilities.
In this paper, we present a secure graphical authentication system named Pass Matrix that protects users from becoming victims of shoulder surfing attacks when inputting passwords in public through the usage of one-time login indicators. A login indicator is randomly generated for each pass-image and will be useless after the session terminates. The login indicator provides better security against shoulder surfing attacks, since users use a dynamic pointer to point out the position of their passwords rather than clicking on
the password object directly.
Producing a defect-free casting for a critical application is a challenging job mainly due to two factors.
Primarily due to trial and error approach towards the design of riser, runner, gates, sprue, mold cavity, core and
chapstics. The other factor is not being able to maintain a good quality of the melt. Defects are the results of a merger of
several causes. In this study, the authors have chosen to use a FEM based commercial software to design riser and
employ chills to eliminate or minimize the shrinkage defects. The use of chills promoted directional solidification such
that the shrinkage cavities moved along the solidification front and away from casting into the riser. Study is made on
use of blind riser, open riser and their influence on shrinkage porosity
Eco Friendly Extraction and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Cissus Quadra...EditorIJAERD
Cissus quadrangualaris plant yield fibers and all the parts of this plant can be utilized in many applications. In
recent days, textile industries are widely using plant fibers for numerous applications acquired from lots of resources. The
advantage of natural fibers is their continuous supply, easy and safe handling, and biodegradable nature. The usage of
enzymes in the textile industry consents the development of eco-friendly technologies in fiber processing and tactics to
improve the final product quality. In the present work, natural cellulosic fibers were extracted from Cissus quadrangualaris
plant using an eco-friendly method (amylase enzyme). The physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of Cissus
quadrangualaris fibers were reported in this paper. Further, the properties of CQSF ensured that it can play an imperative
role in the textile manufacturing industries
The sarcasm detection with the method of logistic regressionEditorIJAERD
The prediction analysis is approach which may predict future possibilities. This research work is based on the
sarcasm detection from the text data. In the previous time SVM classification is applied for the sarcasm detection. The SVM
classifier classifies data based on the hyper plane which give low accuracy. To improve accuracy for sarcasm detection
logistic regression is applied during this work. The existing and proposed techniques are implemented in python and results
are analysed in terms of accuracy, execution time. The proposed approach has high accuracy and low execution time as
compared to SVM classifier for sarcasm detection.
Experimental study on the use of locally produced ester base fluids at the dr...EditorIJAERD
Drilling fluids play an important role in the successful drilling applications of oil and gas wells. This role of
drilling fluid in oil exploration and exploitation activities is similar to the blood circulation in the human body according to
the some researches. The most commonly used drilling fluids are water based fluids in the drilling applications. In this study,
to investigate the performance of the ester-based drilling fluid in application of shale occurrence drilling was aimed. This
study therefore was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of shale occurrence on the rheological
properties of ester-based drilling fluid. The fluids used in this study were XB1000 refined from waste cooking oil as esterbased fluid and diesel oil refined from petroleum as oil-based fluid. Within this scope, experimental studies were conducted
to obtain some properties such as plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength. The results showed that plastic viscosity
increased as solid percentage increased in both samples and insignificant shale swelling between the two oil mud fluids
shows same tolerance level. Thus, the synthetic-based drilling fluids can be used as a suitable alternative to the oil-based
drilling fluids to curb environmental pollution.
Runoff modelling using hec hms for rural watershedEditorIJAERD
Due to climate change it is very essential to do hydrological modelling. Reliable models are essential for planning,
developmental works, prediction and safety of the population. Hydrological models are used to determine catchment
discharge/flow through an efficient way. HEC-HM (Hydrological engineering centre Hydrological modelling system) is
one of hydrological modelling tool developed by United States army corps of engineer (USACE) for event as well as for
continuous simulations. Models, especially continuous simulations are useful for future predictions of stream flow due to
land-use changes or extreme events phenomenon. In this study continuous hydrologic modellingwas carried out using
HEC HMS modelling tool.
Deficit and Constant Loss methods with Clark transform methods were selected. The calibrated model (period
1986-1988) was validated with data set of the period of 2009-2013. Study concluded that the model recommended and
can be used for stated River as decision support tool in the design and operation.
The several assets for high-speed data transmission over wireless uses the Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) as it is a multicarrier transmission scheme. A large number of narrow bandwidth carriers is
therefore adopted by the OFDM. Individually for an OFDM, each subcarrier is attenuated under the frequency-selective
and fast fading channel, therefore the resulting gain is high attenuation which leads to poor performance of all OFDM
subcarriers if the same fixed transmission scheme are used. Thus the main goal of the indicated paper is to grab an
understanding of the inequality between fixed & adaptive modulations schemes as the introduction of the adaptive
modulation. The need for the above system is to make use of the speaker's voice to check their character and control
approach to administrations, for example, voice dialing data administrations, voice send, and security control for secret
data. The performance of paperwork basically states that implementation of adaptive modulation is done into blocks of
adjacent subcarriers which is the result of dividing whole subcarriers. Therefore the equivalent modulation scheme which
is the calculation of average instantaneous signal to noise (SNR) is exercised to entire subcarriers of the equal block. The
OFDM system average bit error rate (BER) performance is observed here under fixed modulation and adaptive
modulation, and these modulation techniques are recorded by accepting the different inverse fast Fourier transforms
(IFFT) size and uncomplicated adaptive Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) strategy. The simulation in MATLAB
shows the results as the performance of fixed modulation is inferior to that of the BER performance of OFDM system
using adaptive modulation. The prospective adaptive modulation and coding Technique uses OFDM to manage the fixed
BER under changing the channel.
Soil health analysis for crop suggestions using machine learningEditorIJAERD
Indian economy is depending on agriculture. Agriculture is the main source of income for most of the
population. So farmers are always curious about yield prediction. Many factors are responsible like soil, weather, rain,
fertilizers and pesticides to increase yield production. Agriculture being a soil-based industry, an increase in yield can
only be attained by ensuring that the soil provides a balanced and an adequate supply of nutrients. Soil testing is pivotal
in understanding the deficiencies in soil and avoiding nutrient imbalance. This survey and study focuses on the different
soil types, crop types and soil test reports. Soils are complex mixtures of air, water, minerals, organic matter, and
countless organisms that are the decaying remains of once-living things. We can say soil is an important ingredient of
agriculture. There are several types of soils and each type of soil can have different kinds of features and different kinds
of crops grow on different types of soils. We must know which type of crop is go better in our soil. We can apply machine
learning techniques to classify soil and to predict the crop suitable.
Ik analysis for the hip simulator using the open sim simulatorEditorIJAERD
The model of the project to create a detailed assembly of muscles spotting the hip joint. Additional muscles
and combinations were added to the baseline lower extremity assemblies currently available in OpenSim. The geometry
of the muscles was adjusted to pair moment arms reported here. The slack moment and the isometric were added to the
arithmetic value of the tanquntial assembly of joints
Anomaly detection is usually associate degree identification of associate degree odd or abnormal
information typically even known as as an outlier from a offer pattern of information. It involves machine learning
technique to be told the info and verify the outliers supported a likelihood condition. Machine learning, a branch
of AI plays a significant role in analyzing the info and identifies the outliers with a decent likelihood. The target of this
paper is to work out the outlier supported anomaly detection techniques and describe the quality standards of the actual
trade. We have a tendency to describe associate degree approach to analyzing anomalies in trade information
supported the identification of cluster outliers.
Experimental investigation of the effect of cold joint on strength and stiffn...EditorIJAERD
in this paper the effect of cold joint has been discussed for two RC Beam-Column Connections. Specimen 1
was poured monolithically whereas, construction joint in specimen 2 at bottom and top column was provided according
to section 3.2.2.2, ACI 224.3R-95. Both specimens were tested through quasi static cyclic loading under displacement
controlled condition, and the effect of cold joint was investigated. It was concluded that due to construction joint in
connections the maximum load carrying capacity decreases up to 39%. In addition, the strength degradation was more in
specimen having construction joint in column. Similarly the stiffness degradation decreases up to 50% due construction
joint. It was also observed that specimen having construction joint shows overall strength lost at 1.5% while specimen
having no construction joint was maintain their strength up to 3% drift.
Investigating willingness to pay for congestion pricing in peshawar universit...EditorIJAERD
Congested road is a perfect example of tragedy of the commons as there is no restriction for drivers not to
exploit it. Car users are independent in their traveling decisions but their decisions have negative consequences for
others for which they do not pay rather the non-users pay for them in the form of hard cash, inconvenience and lack of
safety. This unwanted but widely practiced phenomena has over-shadowed the livable environment even in universities
all across Pakistan particularly in Peshawar university campus (case study) where the environment is exacerbated by
minimum personalized vehicle holders for the maximum non-car commuters resulting from the free vehicular entrance
and biased provision of infrastructure. This leads to huge social divide, inequality and gender disparity. In addition to
finding appropriate rent for provision of new equitable, environment and gender friendly modes of transport like rental
bikes and golf carts, Willingness to pay for congestion pricing as proposed solution is investigated through online webbased questionnaire survey from 580 respondents and statistical analysis is used for selecting most feasible mode(s) of
alternate in-campus transportation. Results showed that 67.6% respondents were WTP for congestion charging and
55.3% selected golf carts as their preferred mode in campus followed by rental bike with 27.6%. Appropriate rent chosen
for golf cart was PKR 20 and less than PKR 20 for rental bikes by more than half of the respondents. Congestion pricing
was perceived as effective solution and proposed modes were opted as the preferred modes for traveling in campus.
Capacity evaluation of masonry infill strengthened with wire containment meshEditorIJAERD
Masonry bricks construction is vulnerable to seismic forces and has been used around the world. This
research is carried out on infill masonry wall constructed from half scaled bricks to stabilize the ductility and
deformation of infill wall to reduce the cost and casualties. Three panel are designed for the direct in-plane loading and
out-of-plane loading, with retrofitting technique using steel wire mesh and last panel is without steel wire mesh for
simple prism test is perform on these three panel. The result shows the panel is constructed with retrofitting technique of
in-plane and out-of-plane are more durable and stabilized as to simple masonry bricks wall construction
Design intervention to reduce muscular strength for using stone polishing mac...EditorIJAERD
Stone polishing work is an integral part of the construction sector. Hand-held polishing machine often results
in excessive hand-arm vibration (HAV) and manual effort. To overcome these problems, a new design was
conceptualised, developed, and validated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a new handle on the transmissibility of
HAV and muscle activities during polishing activity. 13 experienced participants involved in polishing activities were
selected in this interventional field experiment. Tool handles (existing and modified) were taken as the independent
variables, while electromyography and HAV values were considered as dependent variables. The vibration level was
measured at the handle and wrist for both existing and modified stone polishing machine. The result showed that the
muscle strength for operating the modified stone polishing machine was less than the existing stone polishing machine
Screening and evaluation of medicinal properties of grape fruit varieties in ...EditorIJAERD
Theni districts could be considered one of the highest grapes producing area also export best quality of
Paneer dhrakshai Indian table grapes in Tamil Nadu. The research work focused to identify the nutritive compounds in
the grapes (Vitis vinifera) species which are a wonderful fruit having pulp content, vibrant color and exert an immense
health benefits. Grape fruits were found to be rich source of Anthocyanin content and vitamin C also macromolecules
contents such as carbohydrate contents of 29mg, Protein 18.7mg and fat content 3.7mg /100 g of f. wt. Micronutrients
were estimated by AAS which showed that calcium content was 3.1mg/g.f.wt, iron content 2.7 mg/g.f.wt, potassium 2.6
mg/g.f.wt found to be more than other minerals in fresh extracts of grape fruits. The comparative results of revealed
considerable amount of phytoconstituents in grape fruits in which anthocyanins alone has been taken to evaluate
therapeutic effects on breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell viability test was carried out to determine cell proliferation. The
results revealed presence of anthocyanins in high quantity in the process of purification through various biochemical
methods that could ultimately be used for preventing cancerous cell proliferation which reduces the development of
cancer diseases. On comparison Grapes (Vitis vinifera) may serve as functional food with vital pharmaceutical and
biological value.
Modification of airflow around a FSAE Race car using sidepods to increase the...EditorIJAERD
Aerodynamics pertaining to vehicles focuses on improving the drive-ability of the vehicle while also reducing
losses due to air drag. This paper focuses on maximizing the cornering performance of the formula student race car with
slight modifications to the airflow around the vehicle and meagre addition of weight. The undertray produces downloads
by altering the velocity of air flowing underneath it. The sidepods act to reduce flow velocity above the undertray, thus
increasing the pressure above it. This leads to an increased pressure difference over the surface of the undertray which
translates to increase in downforce. The car is able to have a 10% decrease in lap times on a 500m racetrack.
Gear shifting mechanism was designed & applied to make the shifting process faster and less destructible for
the driver. The new device must be reliable with small dimensions and maintenance cost. Main aim of this project is to
improve gear shifting process quickly by using devices such as a manual four speed gear box, single pneumatic double
acting cylinders, single pneumatic two position five ways directional control valves, an electrical motor, a belt, two
pulleys, push button, compressor. According to gear shifting method, the driver can do select transmission gear ratio
without moving his/her hands from the steering wheel by putting the gear shifting push buttons on the steering wheel
An Assessment of Phase Change Materials for Domestic ApplicatonsEditorIJAERD
Thermal Energy storage has been the significant area of research over the last many decades. Various methods
and materials are developed for storing heat energy. Yet a main obstacle to modern methods is its lack of thermal mass.
Phase change materials are one of the optimized alternate to various energy storing methods and materials. They have
high energy storage capacity. In any case, despite the fact that the data is quantitatively tremendous, it is moreover
spread generally in the writing, and hard to discover. This report contrasts on the properties of phase change materials
and also reveals their significant applications. Furthermore, the discussion includes main benefits and drawbacks of
phase change materials over the different renewable energy sources. It also carries various types of PCMs and
performance analysis of PCMs for selecting the best required PCM for the purpose of heating and cooling of building.
The main objective of our project is to provide an optimum solution PMT. To stop Pass duplication fraud
and save govern- ment money. It helps to avoid unnecessary traditional pass process and convert the process into the
digital pass system. It will Organize and create a Central Data system using Aadhar card and increase security in the
Pass System. It will also help to avoid the line System and the student won't need to Login again and again into the
system.
It will be completely on-time registration process then data will store into the system. Student just need to scan Aadhar
card QR Code and put pass Date details next time of visit. This system was intended to develop an application for PMT
to perform function- tonalities like accessing the basic information of a student from educational institutions for
authentication and provide Bus pass
Remediation of heavy metals lead, cobalt and copper from industrail wastewate...EditorIJAERD
To fulfil human beings requirement number of industries increases day by day which play important role in
development of country but also causes environment pollution. Effluent of many industries contain heavy metals and
other contaminants. Industrial effluent usually used for agriculture purposes without treatment. Plants take these heavy
metals from industrial water and accumulate it in roots and Arial parts which become the part of animal and human
body through food chain causes various diseases. In this research work plants were grown using wastewater of industrial
effluents. Three sample of wastewater were made of various concentration level of lead, copper and cobalt. Typha
latifoliate was grown in controlled environment. Three sample of wastewater were used. Soil used in pots was of known
concentration of heavy metals. Using x-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to find concentration of contaminants in
soil before and after plantation and atomic absorption spectrometry was used to find concentration of heavy metals in
industrial effluent. Wastewater of various concentration level was obtained by adding domestic water having no heavy
metals. Extraction percentage performed by plants in various lawn was found by analysis of soil before and after the
maturity of plants. soil which was irrigated by fully contaminated wastewater was remediated by 10%. Soil in which
plants were irrigated by diluted wastewater was remediated by 15 and 21% respectively for copper and cobalt. Plants
matured in seventy-five days in winter season.
Heart attack and alcohol detection sensor using internet of thingsEditorIJAERD
—In this system we tend to implement a heart-beat observation and heart failure detection system victimization
using the Internet of things. Recently we have got enlarged range of heart diseases as well as enlarged risk of heart
attacks. The detector is then interfaced to a microcontroller that enables checking pulse rate readings and transmittal
them over web. The user might set the high likewise as low levels of heart beat limit. Once setting these limits, the system
starts observation as shortly as patient heart beat goes on top of an explicit limit, the system sends response to the
controller that then transmits this over the net and alerts the doctors likewise as involved. This technique is employed to
watch heartbeat rate of the motive force perpetually and prevents from the accidents by dominant through IOT. IOT
conveys the emergency message to the Owner, auto and therefore the Police. Arduino processor ATmega328 is ready to
handle a lot of functions than standard microcontrollers. This technique is intended for the protection of individuals
sitting within the vehicle.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
One time password generation using mathematical random function in sphere space for mid sized applications
1. Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF) : 3.134
International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research
Development
@IJAERD-2014, All rights Reserved 150
ISSN (Print) : 2348-6406
ISSN (Online): 2348-4470
One Time Password Generation Using Mathematical Random Function In Sphere
Space For Mid-Sized Applications
1
Ishupreet Kaur, 2
Gargi Narula
1
Computer Science & Engineering Department, SVIET, Patiala, Punjab, 140601, India,kaurishupreet1@gmail.com
2
Computer Science & Engineering Department, SVIET, Patiala, Punjab, 140601, India,garginarula@gmail.com
Abstract--The proposed vOTP scheme is designed by keeping the mid-sized online application requires the OTP scheme. The
proposed one time password scheme is used to generate the one time password from the spherical space using random
function from a larger spherical number space. This technique is useful to generate thousands of unique and unrepeatable
OTPs at one point of time. The results have shown that the system can serve a large number of users every minute. The
system is capable of serving one user in fraction of seconds, 100 users in 28 seconds and 1000 users in less than 10 minutes.
Keywords—one time password, random function, sphere space, phishing attack , multiple ID generation attack.
I. INTRODUCTION
The One Time password is unique value which can be used for one transaction only. Once it is used it becomes outdated. One
Time Password can be generated Time Based and Event Based. It is used to prevent our systemfrom unauthorized access and
harmful attacks. Similarly, One Time Password can also be used to prevent against botnet attacks. Botnet attacks are the
attacks in which the bot programs are installed on users system without its prior knowledge. This bot attack can be a
snooping attack or a key logger attack.
Now, whenever a OTP is used for authentication purpose, it can be a text or graphic based. Because we are using OTP
against Botnet/Autobot, we will be using graphics based OTP. As bot programs which are available can detect the text-based
passwords but they cannot recognize graphics. A text based OTP is generated using a random generator function which is
later converted to graphics based password. One Time Password can be delivered to the user using many ways like mobile
phone, e-mail, etc.
The Basic Idea of this scheme is to generate a One Time Password for authentication purpose and each time the one time
password generated should be unique. The one time password adds another layer of security to login process used widely
over internet for authentication. One time password can be generated using spherical random function which has a large
amount of number and can produce unique combinations. Spherical random function is capable of generating more unique
combinations of integers than any other mathematical random function. Then the random is uniquely selected among the
sphere matrix, which creates more unique passwords. Then the integer based password is converted into image hardens the
security layer of the mobile/SMS based authentication environments. The visual form of OTP increase the security of the
authentication process and protect passwords against interception attacks, the concept of one-time visual passwords (OTVP)
is proposed. The OTVP concept takes advantage of the differences between computer encoding of data and the human visual
perception of images.
Here, we have taken a Client and Server based architecture. In this, a authentication request is made by client to server. And
server will send a text based password to client. Further, the text based password is converted to graphic based password. If
the recipient is actually a human being, then a human can recognize the graphic and get authenticated. But if it is a Autobot or
botnet, then it cannot recognize the password received and authentication is failed. The graphics based password can be
delivered to client using MMS, watsapp or email. Therefore, the given mechanism can be used for authentication purpose in
online portals where Autobot are using users identification for login purpose without their consent. Then the bots can steal
important information or can have financial gains. So it is better to use graphics based one time password to prevent from
autobots or botnet problems.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
R.R.Karthiga and associates have proposed an OTP generation technique to minimize the damage by phishing and spyware
attacks. The OTP is used to authenticate the clients to protect the server from unauthorized access using the long-termpublic
2. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 1,Issue 8, August -2014, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470 , print-ISSN:2348-6406
@IJAERD-2014, All rights Reserved 151
keys and digital certificates. Ahmad Alamgir Khan et al. have discussed the phishing attack used by cyber criminals to steal
the user’s personal information, credit card or debit card information in detail. The authors have also proposed the security
mechanism against phishing attacks. The proposed approach is based on the OTP retrieval using SMS or email systems.,
which are submitted by the users to the server and server reverts the decision logic after inspection. The OTP is used an
encrypted token in very smart way to tackle the phishing attack problem. Andrew Y. Lindell et al have performed the
comparison of two approaches of the OTP: time-based OTP and event-based OTP. They have provided the usability and
security comparison of both of these one time password techniques. Both of the techniques compared under this comparison
uses cryptographic mechanism. Mihai Ordean and his research associates have conducted the performance analysis of
security and usability of authentication systems based on components. They have introduced the one-time visual
authentication (OTVP) concept which in real is representing a novel approach to the security of authentication interfaces that
combines one-time passwords (OTPs) with visual authentication interfaces
III. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
The major task of the proposed system is to create the one time password based on the random sphere value space to
authenticate the users to avoid various cyber attacks like phishing attack. The one time password generation scheme must be
able to produce a larger space of unique passwords so that it can be used to authenticate multiple users at one time without
any duplicity.
The OTP adds an extra security layer to protect the user login. The OTPs are widely used over internet for
authentication.OTP generation is using values in the sphere space based random number generation system for large density
users at once. Cubic random function provides the capability of larger number of random number combinations. The OTP
generation initially generates the matrix of million values. The different numbers of values are randomly selected among the
million values generated earlier and concatenates them to make an OTP. Then the complex number is converted into integer
based password is converted into image using visual encoding makes it more secure and send it via mobile/SMS based
authentication environments.
Algorithm: OTP Generation Algorithm
Step 1: Sphere Random Function to generate random number
A. Initialization of the random number generator and calculate the angle of elevation in the sphere. Sphere contains
values in open interval, , but not uniformly distributed.
B. Creation of the angle of azimuth for each sphere point on the basis of uniformly distributed in the open
interval,
C. Compute radius value for each point based on open interval, not uniformly distributed.
D. Rearrange and concatenate the random matrix values and return OTP.
Step 2: Visual encoding
A. Break OTP into list of characters
B. Convert each character to ASCII value
C. Fetch the visual code/encode for ASCII value for each character in the list
D. Concatenate the visual encoding of all characters to form an image and Return vOTP
Step 3: Client/Server Communication
A. Server send the vOTP to client system using SMS or MMS or Other-App.
B. Client submits the OTP to server on web portal
C. Server verifies the replied OTP and return the decision logic
IV. RESULT ANALYSIS
3. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 1,Issue 8, August -2014, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470 , print-ISSN:2348-6406
@IJAERD-2014, All rights Reserved 152
The experimental design has been developed using MATLAB simulator and the results have been observed and analyzed
deeply. The OTP generation procedure is using multi-level random value generation from the sphere, and further
concatenated in uneven fashion to produce the unique one time password every-time. One time password generation process
is flexible and unique to produce the unique one time passwords at one point of time to reduce the possibility of two users
receiving the same password at one point of time. This random one time password generation framework can used with
medium or smaller sized web or utility based portals. This sequence will be able to handle thousands to tens of thousands of
users at one point of time. The uniqueness calculation has shown that this OTP framework is capable of handing flexible
number of unique OTP at one point of time with minor changes in the program sequence. The framework simulation is
designed to generate the one time password which is followed by visual encoding to produce one time image password
(OTIP). OTIP is then forwarded to the client side, where client enters the password the OTP input box and submit the
information to the server side. The server then verifies the original OTP with the generated OTP and returns the decision
logic, which is further used to take the programmed action in the software architecture according to the decision logic. The
OTP send by the Client to Server is compared with the OTP generated and saved at the Server. If the both the OTPs are same,
then the OTP is verified and the access is granted.
Rotation Size Time in Seconds
1 0.23
10 2.63
50 12.69
100 28.71
200 61.14
500 190.53
1000 505.43
Table 1: The Time (in seconds) to Rotations size comparison table
Figure 1- The Server Graphical Interface
4. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 1,Issue 8, August -2014, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470 , print-ISSN:2348-6406
@IJAERD-2014, All rights Reserved 153
Figure 2- Generate One Time Password
Figure 3- Convert Integers into Image Based Password and forward to client
Figure 4- The user retrieve the vOTP and submit the OTP to the server.
Figure 8- The OTP Verification
The OTP send by the Client to Server is compared with the OTP generated and saved at the Server. If the both the OTPs are
same, then the OTP is verified and the access is granted.