As taught at UNIMAS July 2019. based on a three day summer school by Knud Hinnerk Moeller and Victor de Boer. Includes hands on excercises using SWI-Prolog ClioPatria
Slides for my keynote presentateion "Linked Data for Digital History" presented at Semantic Web for Scientific History (SW4SH) co-located with ESWC 2015
Providing open data is of interest for its societal and commercial value, for transparency, and because more people can do fun things with data. There is a growing number of initiatives to provide open data, from, for example, the UK government and the World Bank. However, much of this data is provided in formats such as Excel files, or even PDF files. This raises the question of
- How best to provide access to data so it can be most easily reused?
- How to enable the discovery of relevant data within the multitude of available data sets?
- How to enable applications to integrate data from large numbers of formerly unknown data sources?
One way to address these issues to to use the design principles of linked data (http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html), which suggest best practices for how to publish and connect structured data on the Web. This presentation gives an overview of linked data technologies (such as RDF and SPARQL), examples of how they can be used, as well as some starting points for people who want to provide and use linked data.
The presentation was given on August 8, at the Hacknight event (http://hacknight.se/) of Forskningsavdelningen (http://forskningsavd.se/) (Swedish: “Research Department”) a hackerspace in Malmö.
Vocabularies as Linked Data - OUDCE March2014Keith.May
Presentation given as part of OUDCE course in Oxford 04-03-2014 on "Digital Data and Archaeology: Management, Preservation and Publishing.
Acknowledgements to Ceri Binding @Ceribin for many of the slides.
Slides for my keynote presentateion "Linked Data for Digital History" presented at Semantic Web for Scientific History (SW4SH) co-located with ESWC 2015
Providing open data is of interest for its societal and commercial value, for transparency, and because more people can do fun things with data. There is a growing number of initiatives to provide open data, from, for example, the UK government and the World Bank. However, much of this data is provided in formats such as Excel files, or even PDF files. This raises the question of
- How best to provide access to data so it can be most easily reused?
- How to enable the discovery of relevant data within the multitude of available data sets?
- How to enable applications to integrate data from large numbers of formerly unknown data sources?
One way to address these issues to to use the design principles of linked data (http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html), which suggest best practices for how to publish and connect structured data on the Web. This presentation gives an overview of linked data technologies (such as RDF and SPARQL), examples of how they can be used, as well as some starting points for people who want to provide and use linked data.
The presentation was given on August 8, at the Hacknight event (http://hacknight.se/) of Forskningsavdelningen (http://forskningsavd.se/) (Swedish: “Research Department”) a hackerspace in Malmö.
Vocabularies as Linked Data - OUDCE March2014Keith.May
Presentation given as part of OUDCE course in Oxford 04-03-2014 on "Digital Data and Archaeology: Management, Preservation and Publishing.
Acknowledgements to Ceri Binding @Ceribin for many of the slides.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11854626.v1
Presented at Dutch National Librarian/Information Professianal Association annual conference 2011 - NVB2011
November 17, 2011
Brief overview of linked data and RDF followed by use in libraries and archives. Originally delivered at OLITA Digital Odyssey 2014. Revised for the OLA Superconference 2015
Are New Digital Literacies Skills Neededrscd2018SusanMRob
Remarrying research and collection services around access to corpora and text mining, are new technical literacy skills needed? Was presented by Ingrid Mason (Deployment Strategist, AARNet) at the Research Support Community Day 2018
Chaos&Order: Using visualization as a means to explore large heritage collec...TimelessFuture
*note: download original powerpoint to view animations*. Presentation at 4th Int. Alexandria Workshop (19./20. October 2017) - Foundations for Temporal Retrieval, Exploration and Analytics in Web Archives.
Authority Files and Web 2.0.
Presentation during the EDL Workshop "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project" in Stockholm 23.11.07
Connections that work: Linked Open Data demystifiedJakob .
Keynote given 2014-10-22 at the National Library of Finland at Kirjastoverkkopäivät 2014 (https://www.kiwi.fi/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=16767828) #kivepa2014
This tutorial explains the Data Web vision, some preliminary standards and technologies as well as some tools and technological building blocks developed by AKSW research group from Universität Leipzig.
This presentation was provided by Ashley Clark, Northeastern University, during a NISO Virtual Conference on the topic of data curation, held on Wednesday, August 31, 2016
DBpedia Archive using Memento, Triple Pattern Fragments, and HDTHerbert Van de Sompel
DBpedia is the Linked Data version of Wikipedia. Starting in 2007, several DBpedia dumps have been made available for download. In 2010, the Research Library at the Los Alamos National Laboratory used these dumps to deploy a Memento-compliant DBpedia Archive, in order to demonstrate the applicability and appeal of accessing temporal versions of Linked Data sets using the Memento “Time Travel for the Web” protocol. The archive supported datetime negotiation to access various temporal versions of RDF descriptions of DBpedia subject URIs.
In a recent collaboration with the iMinds Group of Ghent University, the DBpedia Archive received a major overhaul. The initial MongoDB storage approach, which was unable to handle increasingly large DBpedia dumps, was replaced by HDT, the Binary RDF Representation for Publication and Exchange. And, in addition to the existing subject URI access point, Triple Pattern Fragments access, as proposed by the Linked Data Fragments project, was added. This allows datetime negotiation for URIs that identify RDF triples that match subject/predicate/object patterns. To add this powerful capability, native Memento support was added to the Linked Data Fragments Server of Ghent University.
In this talk, we will include a brief refresher of Memento, and will cover Linked Data Fragments, Triple Pattern Fragments, and HDT in more detail. We will share lessons learned from this effort and demo the new DBpedia Archive, which, at this point, holds over 5 billion RDF triples.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11854626.v1
Presented at Dutch National Librarian/Information Professianal Association annual conference 2011 - NVB2011
November 17, 2011
Brief overview of linked data and RDF followed by use in libraries and archives. Originally delivered at OLITA Digital Odyssey 2014. Revised for the OLA Superconference 2015
Are New Digital Literacies Skills Neededrscd2018SusanMRob
Remarrying research and collection services around access to corpora and text mining, are new technical literacy skills needed? Was presented by Ingrid Mason (Deployment Strategist, AARNet) at the Research Support Community Day 2018
Chaos&Order: Using visualization as a means to explore large heritage collec...TimelessFuture
*note: download original powerpoint to view animations*. Presentation at 4th Int. Alexandria Workshop (19./20. October 2017) - Foundations for Temporal Retrieval, Exploration and Analytics in Web Archives.
Authority Files and Web 2.0.
Presentation during the EDL Workshop "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project" in Stockholm 23.11.07
Connections that work: Linked Open Data demystifiedJakob .
Keynote given 2014-10-22 at the National Library of Finland at Kirjastoverkkopäivät 2014 (https://www.kiwi.fi/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=16767828) #kivepa2014
This tutorial explains the Data Web vision, some preliminary standards and technologies as well as some tools and technological building blocks developed by AKSW research group from Universität Leipzig.
This presentation was provided by Ashley Clark, Northeastern University, during a NISO Virtual Conference on the topic of data curation, held on Wednesday, August 31, 2016
DBpedia Archive using Memento, Triple Pattern Fragments, and HDTHerbert Van de Sompel
DBpedia is the Linked Data version of Wikipedia. Starting in 2007, several DBpedia dumps have been made available for download. In 2010, the Research Library at the Los Alamos National Laboratory used these dumps to deploy a Memento-compliant DBpedia Archive, in order to demonstrate the applicability and appeal of accessing temporal versions of Linked Data sets using the Memento “Time Travel for the Web” protocol. The archive supported datetime negotiation to access various temporal versions of RDF descriptions of DBpedia subject URIs.
In a recent collaboration with the iMinds Group of Ghent University, the DBpedia Archive received a major overhaul. The initial MongoDB storage approach, which was unable to handle increasingly large DBpedia dumps, was replaced by HDT, the Binary RDF Representation for Publication and Exchange. And, in addition to the existing subject URI access point, Triple Pattern Fragments access, as proposed by the Linked Data Fragments project, was added. This allows datetime negotiation for URIs that identify RDF triples that match subject/predicate/object patterns. To add this powerful capability, native Memento support was added to the Linked Data Fragments Server of Ghent University.
In this talk, we will include a brief refresher of Memento, and will cover Linked Data Fragments, Triple Pattern Fragments, and HDT in more detail. We will share lessons learned from this effort and demo the new DBpedia Archive, which, at this point, holds over 5 billion RDF triples.
morning session talk at the second Keystone Training School "Keyword search in Big Linked Data" held in Santiago de Compostela.
https://eventos.citius.usc.es/keystone.school/
Lecture at the advanced course on Data Science of the SIKS research school, May 20, 2016, Vught, The Netherlands.
Contents
-Why do we create Linked Open Data? Example questions from the Humanities and Social Sciences
-Introduction into Linked Open Data
-Lessons learned about the creation of Linked Open Data (link discovery, knowledge representation, evaluation).
-Accessing Linked Open Data
Connecting Heterogeneous Collections using Linked DataVictor de Boer
Presentation about connecting Heterogeneous Collections using Linked Data as presented at the NIAS Lorentz workshhop on Migrant Re-Collections (http://www.leiden-delft-erasmus.nl/nl/agenda/2016-08-22-nias-lorentz-workshop-migrant-re-collections-on-digitalising-migrant-heritage)
Nelson Piedra , Janneth Chicaiza
and Jorge López, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Edmundo
Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
and Oscar Martínez, Universitas
Miguel Hernández
Explore the advantages of using linked data with OERs.
The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and External users of an Audiov...Victor de Boer
Slides for the MTSR2018 presentation for the paper The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and
External users of an Audiovisual Archive by Victor de Boer, Tim de Bruyn, John Brooks and Jesse de Vos
Like other heritage institutions, audiovisual archives adopt structured vocabularies for their metadata management. With Semantic Web and Linked Data now becoming more and more stable and commonplace technologies, organizations are looking now at linking these vocabularies to external sources, for example those of Wikidata, DBPedia or GeoNames. However, the benefits of such endeavors to the organizations are generally underexplored. In this paper, we present an in-depth case study into the benefits of linking the “Common Thesaurus for Audiovisual Archives” (or GTAA) and the general-purpose dataset Wikidata. We do this by identifying various use cases for user groups that are both internal as well as external to the organization. We describe the use cases and various proofs-of-concept prototypes that address these use cases.
UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment ...Victor de Boer
Presentation at #ICTOPEN2018 for the ABC-KB project "UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment in Bilingual Children" by Dana Hakman, Cerise Muller, Victor de Boer, Petra Bos
Fahad Ali's slides for Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions ...Victor de Boer
Fahad Ali's slides for the final presentation for his Information Sciences Master Thesis titled "Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions realizing kasadaka-net"
Linking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge - by Gossa LoVictor de Boer
Slides for Gossa Lo's presentation on Linking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge (Lo, de Boer, Schlobach) at the SWAT4LS conference.
abstract African Traditional Medicine (ATM) is widely used in Africa as the first-line of treatment thanks to its accessibility and affordability. However, the lack of formalization of this knowledge can lead to safety issues and malpractice. This paper investigates a possible contribution of the Semantic Web in realizing the formalization and integration of ATM with data on conventional medicine. As a proof of concept we convert various ATM datasets and link them to conventional medical data. This results in a Linked ATM knowledge graph. We finally give some examples with some interesting SPARQL queries and insightful results.
Enriching Media Collections for Event-based ExplorationVictor de Boer
Slides for the MTSR2017 presentation on event enrichment in DIVE+ in the context of CLARIAH.
By: Victor de Boer, Liliana Melgar, Oana Inel, Carlos Martinez Ortiz, Lora Aroyo, and Johan Oomen
Abstract: Scholars currently have access to large heterogeneous media collections on the Web, which they use as sources for their research. Exploration of such collections is an important part in their research, where
scholars make sense of these heterogeneous datasets. Knowledge graphs which relate media objects, people and places with historical events can provide a valuable structure for more meaningful and serendipitous browsing. Based on extensive requirements analysis done with historians and media scholars, we present a methodology to publish, represent, enrich, and link heritage collections so that they can be explored by domain expert users. We present four methods to derive events from media object descriptions. We also present a case study where four datasets with mixed media types are made accessible to scholars and describe the building blocks for event-based proto-narratives in the knowledge graph.
New Life for Old Media: Investigations into Speech Synthesis and Deep Learning-based Colorization for Audiovisual Archive - Rudy Marsman, Victor de Boer, Themistoklis Karavellas, Johan Oomen
Presentation for the New European Media summit
User-centered Data Science for Digital HumanitiesVictor de Boer
User-centered Data Science for Digital Humanities: DIVE, Dutch Ships and Sailors and ArchimediaL as presented during the "Network Institute meets CLUE+" event.
Continuous enrichment and linking of heterogeneous collections brings new possibilities for access, analysis. Using automatic methods. Always with human(s) in the loop
Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives (Guest lecture at NISV)Victor de Boer
Guest lecture for the Master programme "Preservation and Presentation of the Moving Image" from UvA about "Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives". The guest lecture was part of educational activities at Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision
Semantic Technology for Development: Semantic Web without the Web?Victor de Boer
Slides for my keynote address for the joint session of the SALAD workshop and DBPedia day at SEMANTiCS2017. The talk addresses the need for research into the opportunities and challenges for Linked Data in the context of ICT for Development. It shows current work on Kasadaka, Semantic Web in an SMS and sneakernets http://salad2017.linked.services/ http://semantics.cc
A few slides to introduce the cultuurlink tool developed by Spinque for Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision. These were presented at the second CLARIAH LOD workshop.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
1. Linked Data and Semantic Web Workshop
UNIMAS, Sarawak, Malaysia
1-7-2019
Victor de Boer
With slides from Knud Hinnerk Moeller
2. Today’s program
Principles of Linked Data
Building Blocks of Linked Data
Handson: graph thinking
Writing triples in Turtle
Handson: Turtle
Triple stores
Handson: Exploring triples
Querying Linked Data
Handson Sparql
I am super-flexible, stop me at any time!
7. The Internet (of machines)
Source: Tim Berners-Lee, “Levels of Abstraction”,
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Abstractions.html
8. The World Wide Web (of Documents)
Source: Tim Berners-Lee, “Levels of Abstraction”,
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Abstractions.html
URIs, HTTP, and HTML
9. The World Wide Web (of Documents)
Source: Tim Berners-Lee, “Levels of Abstraction”,
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Abstractions.html
10. The World Wide Web (of Data)
Source: Tim Berners-Lee, “Levels of Abstraction”,
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Abstractions.html
the Semantic Web
Linked Data
the Web of Data
12. The World Wide Web (of Data)
Source: Tim Berners-Lee, “Levels of Abstraction”,
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Abstractions.html
• the Semantic Web
• Linked Data
• the Web of Data
13. Examples of Linked Data
• Academia, Research
• Community
• Libraries, Museums, Cultural Heritage
• Government and public institutions
(Open Data)
• Media
• Business
17. Linked Data
Machine readable format
Standardized
Flexibility to connect heterogeneous data
Link what can be linked
re-use and re-usability
OBJECT EVENT
PLACE
TIME
PERSON
CONCEPT
PROVENANCE
18. Open Data
is about licenses
to allow reuse
Linked Data
is about
technology for
interoperability
Linked Open Data?
www.w3.org/designissues/linkeddata.html
21. How does all this work?
• Structured data not documents
• Graph (networked) data!
• W3C Web standards stack
– URIs, HTTP, RDF, RDFa, RDFS, OWL, SKOS, SPARQL,
etc.
22. Resource Description Framework
W3C standard
RDF extends the linking structure of the Web to use URIs to name
the relationship between things as well as the two ends of the link
(this is usually referred to as a “triple”). Using this simple model, it
allows structured and semi-structured data to be mixed, exposed,
and shared across different applications.
https://www.w3.org/RDF/
23. Rules of Linked Data
1. Use HTTP IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifiers)
as names for things
2. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful
information, using the standards (RDF)
3. Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover
more things.
From http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
24. Use HTTP IRIs for Things
Internationalised Resource Identifier (IRI)
is a string of characters used to identify a
name of a resource
http://rijksmuseum.nl/data/painting001
I can go there (dereference) and then I
get information about it
• HTML page for humans
• RDF data for machines
25. Semantic Web standard for writing down data, information
(Subject, Relation, Object)
<Painting001, has_location, Amsterdam>
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Painting001 Amsterdam
has_location
26. Resource Description Format (RDF)
Triples form Graphs
rijks:Painting001
geo:Haarlem
rijks:Frans_Hals
147590
52.38084, 4.63683
geo:Noord-Holland
geo:Netherlands
rijks:Painting002
42. Hands-on Session 1
• Introduce yourselves to each other!
• Draw a social graph of your group
• Represent each member of the group
• Give everyone a name
• You know each other now, so you can connect to
each other in the graph
• Maybe add other data about yourselves:
– Hometown
– University
– Things you like (e.g., music, films, …)
43.
44. Building Blocks of Linked Data
RDF, Triples,
N-Triples, Turtle,
Reusing Vocabularies
46. name
located in
located in
located in
population
population
capital
People’s
Republic of
China
Beijing
SJTU
23,019,148
20,693,000
Shanghai Jiao Tong
University
name
Shanghai
上海
SJTU name "Shanghai Jiao Tong University"
SJTU located in Shanghai
Shanghai name "上海"
Shanghai population "23,019,148"
Shanghai located in People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China capital Beijing
Beijing located in People’s Republic of China
Beijing population "20,693,000"
• Graph
• Triple
47. SJTU located in Shanghai
Shanghai name "上海"
Shanghai population "23,019,148"
Beijing population "20,693,000"
RDF*
*Resource Description Framework
Subject Predicate Object
Subject Predicate Object
50. name
located in
located in
located in
population
population
capital
peoples_
republic_of
_china
beijing
sjtu
23,019,148
20,693,000
Shanghai Jiao Tong
University
name
shanghai
上海
51. <sjtu> <located_in> <shanghai> .
<shanghai> <name> "u4E0Au6D77" .
<shanghai> <population> "23019148" .
<beijing> <population> "20693000" .
Resources – URIs
URI URI URI
URI URI
52. Use HTTP-URIs!
• sjtu, name, located_in: valid URIs, but no
scheme, no host, just a path
• any URI valid: ftp://files.nasa.gov, sjtu, urn:isbn:0451450523,
etc.
• but:
– RDF is datamodel for the Web
– Web is based on HTTP
– HTTP-URIs can be resolved, looked up
use HTTP-URIs: http://data.example.org/sjtu
55. Named Graphs
• divide RDF graph in a
dataset into several
subgraphs
• each subgraph labelled
with a URI
• useful for keeping track of
provenance, timestamps,
versioning, etc.
56. RDF – Summary
• Graph data model for the Web
• Triples (or “statements”):
– <subject> <predicate> <object>
– (or <thing> <relationship> <thing>)
• Resources
– Things about which we want to make statements
– URIs (ideally HTTP URIs)
• Literals:
– Values like strings, numbers, dates, booleans, …
– Either language tag (zh, en, …) or XML Schema datatype
• Subjects and predicates are always resources
• Objects can be resources or literals
• Named Graphs (not standard): divide graph into subgraphs
57. RDF – Summary
• N-Triples Syntax:
– most basic RDF syntax; very verbose
– one triple per line
– line terminated with .
– resources (URIs) enclosed in < >
– literals enclosed in " "
– qualify literals with language tag: @zh
– or with datatype:
^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int>
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/#ntriples
58. Turtle Syntax
@prefix data: <http://data.example.org/> .
@prefix vocab: <http://voc.example.org/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
data:shanghai
vocab:located_in data:peoples_republic_of_china ;
vocab:name "Shang-hai"@ga, "Shanghai"@en, "上海"@zh ;
vocab:population "23019148"^^xsd:int .
data:sjtu
vocab:located_in data:shanghai ;
vocab:name "Shanghai Jiao Tong University"@en .
define prefixes
http://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/
abbreviate URIs as CURIEs
group triples with
same subject,predicate
group triples with
same subject
Unicode
59. CURIEs
• Compact URIs
• replace URI up to last element with prefix
• define prefix in Turtle:
http://www.w3.org/TR/curie/
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date
xsd
xsd:date
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
“namespace”
60. Turtle: Group Triples
• use ; to group triples with same subject
data:shanghai vocab:located_in data:peoples_republic_of_china .
data:shanghai vocab:name "Shang-hai"@ga .
data:shanghai vocab:name "Shanghai"@en .
data:shanghai vocab:name "上海"@zh .
data:shanghai vocab:population "23019148"^^xsd:int .
data:shanghai
vocab:located_in data:peoples_republic_of_china ;
vocab:name "Shang-hai"@ga ;
vocab:name "Shanghai"@en ;
vocab:name "上海"@zh ;
vocab:population "23019148"^^xsd:int .
61. Turtle: Group Triples
• use , to group triples with same
subject,predicate
data:shanghai vocab:name "Shang-hai"@ga .
data:shanghai vocab:name "Shanghai"@en .
data:shanghai vocab:name "上海"@zh .
data:shanghai vocab:name "Shang-hai"@ga, "Shanghai"@en, "上海"@zh .
62. Turtle - Summary
• human-readable, less verbose syntax
• Turtle is based on N-Triples
(N-Triples ⊆ Turtle)
• Unicode
• shorten URIs with CURIEs
• group triples with common elements
63. Other Syntaxes
• RDF/XML
– XML-based syntax
– still widely used, but less readable than Turtle
• RDFa
– RDF embedded in HTML, using element attributes
• JSON-LD
– JSON serialisation
• Named Graph Support: Trig (Turtle), Trix
(RDF/XML), N-Quads (N-Triples)
64. Reuse things: Vocabularies
(Ontologies, Schemata)
• URIs are globally unique, so we can use globally valid
terminology
• necessary for
– data integration
– Inferencing
• Vocabularies define
– properties to use as predicates
– classes to assign types to resources
• just like software libraries, vocabularies are data libraries
65. Vocabularies: Examples
• RDF and RDFS: basic definitions of objects,
properties, class-relations
• OWL: Description logics
• FOAF (Friend of a Friend): People,
Organisations, Social Networks
• schema.org (Google, Yahoo!, Bing, Yandex):
cross-domain, what search engines are
interested in (people, events, products,
locations)
• Dbpedia (Wikipedia as LOD): cross-domain
• Dublin Core (Bibliographic): publications,
authors, media, etc.
• Good Relations: business, products, etc.
https://lov.linkeddata.es/
66. FOAF Examples: Some Data
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix people: <http://data.example.org/people/> .
people:knud
a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name "Knud Möller"@de ;
foaf:knows people:victor .
people:victor
a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name "Victor de Boer"@nl ;
foaf:knows people:knud .
68. FOAF Examples: Properties
foaf:name
a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "name" ;
rdfs:comment "A name for some thing." ;
rdfs:domain owl:Thing ;
rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
69. Some Terms to Define Terms
• rdf:type (or just a in Turtle)
– special property to say what kind of a thing ("class") a
resource is
• rdfs:label, rdfs:comment
– documentation for humans
• rdfs:Class, owl:Class
– this term is a class
• rdfs:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty,
owl:ObjectProperty
– this term is a property, special kind of property
70. Some Terms to Define Terms
• rdfs:subClassOf
– defining class
hierarchies
• rdfs:subPropertyOf
– defining property
hierarchies
• rdfs:definedBy
– where is this term
defined, where can I get
the specification?
71. Reuse things: Datasets
• GeoNames: Geographical data
• DBPedia: RDF version of Wikipedia (also in
Dutch)
• GTAA: (Gemeenschappelijke Thesaurus
Audiovisuele Archieven): Persons, topics, AV-
terms
• VIAF: Persons
rijks:Painting001 http: //sws.geonames.org/2759794/
http://purl.org/dc/terms/spatial
72. Write down your graph from hands on
session 1 in RDF Turtle
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix example: <http://purl.org/collections/example/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
example:knud
a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name “Knud Möller”^^xsd:string ;
foaf:knows example:victor ;
foaf:topic_interest example:linked_data .
example:victor
a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name “Victor de Boer”^^xsd:string ;
foaf:knows example:knud ;
foaf:topic_interest example:linked_data ;
foaf:knows example:truffel .
75. Rules of Linked Data
1. Use HTTP URIs so that these things can be referred to
and looked up ("dereference") by people and user
agents
2. Provide useful information (i.e., a structured
description - metadata) about the thing when its URI
is dereferenced.
3. Include links to other, related URIs in the exposed
data to improve discovery of other related
information on the Web.
www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
76. So that means that
When I ask for a URI
dbpedia:Kuching
I want some data back, describing that resource
Let’s see: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kuching
77. Content negotiation
Reply based on preference expressed in HTTP request
response header (Accept:)
GET /resource/Amsterdam HTTP/1.1
Host: dbpedia.org
Accept: text/html;q=0.5, application/rdf+xml
I’m ok with HTML… …but I really prefer RDF
78. text/html
body onload="init();" about="dbpedia:Amsterdam">
<div id="header">
<div id="hd_l">
<h1 id="title">About: <a href="dbpedia:Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></h1>
<div id="homelink">
<!--?vsp if (white_page = 0) http (txt); ?-->
</div>
<div class="page-resource-uri">
An Entity of Type : <a href="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/City">city</a>,
from Named Graph : <a href="http://dbpedia.org">http://dbpedia.org</a>,
within Data Space : <a href="http://dbpedia.org">dbpedia.org</a>
</div>
</div> <!-- hd_l -->
<div id="hd_r">
<a href="http://wiki.dbpedia.org/Imprint" title="About DBpedia">
<img src="/statics/dbpedia_logo.png" height="64" alt="About DBpedia"/>
</a>
</div> <!-- hd_r -->
</div> <!-- header -->
<div id="content">
<p>Amsterdam is de hoofdstad en grootste gemeente van Nederland. De stad, in het Amsterdams ook Mokum genoemd, ligt
in de provincie Noord-Holland, aan de monding van de Amstel en aan het IJ. De naam van de stad komt van de ligging bij een
in de 13e eeuw aangelegde dam in de Amstel. De plaats kreeg stadsrechten rond 1300 en groeide tot één van de grootste
handelssteden ter wereld in de Gouden Eeuw.</p>
84. Recipes for publishing Linked Data
1. Serving Linked Data as Static RDF/XML Files
2. Serving Linked Data as RDF Embedded in HTML Files
3. Serving RDF and HTML with Custom Server-Side Scripts
4. Serving Linked Data from Relational Databases
5. Serving Linked Data by Wrapping Existing Application or Web APIs
6. Serving Linked Data from RDF Triple Stores w/ deferencing
Tom Heath, Chris Bizer http://linkeddatabook.com/
85. 1. Serving Linked Data as Static RDF/XML Files
• “Just” host a .rdf file on your server, describing
all of your RDF
– Include correct MIME type
86. 2. Serving Linked Data as RDF
Embedded in HTML Files (RDFa)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
version="XHTML+RDFa 1.0" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>John's Home Page</title>
<base href="http://example.org/john-d/" />
<meta property="dc:creator" content="Jonathan Doe" />
<link rel="foaf:primaryTopic" href="http://example.org/john-d/#me" />
</head>
<body about="http://example.org/john-d/#me">
<h1>John's Home Page</h1>
<p>My name is <span property="foaf:nick">John D</span> and I like
<a href="http://www.neubauten.org/" rel="foaf:interest"
xml:lang="de">Einstürzende Neubauten</a>.
</p>
</body>
</html>
87. 3. Serving RDF and HTML with Custom
Server-Side Scripts
Data
Scripts serving
RDF
Scripts serving
html web pages
Client request
Content negotiation script
• PHP (ARC)
• Any other server-
side scripting
language
88. 4. Serving Linked Data from Relational Databases
Some software mapping
relational database
tables to triples
D2R, Triplify, Virtuoso
Tom Heath, Chris Bizer http://linkeddatabook.com/
D2R
94. CPACKs
• Amalgame for vocabulary alignment
• XMLRDF for converting XML to RDF
• Prepackaged data and metadata sets
– Provenance, SKOS, etc.
• UI packages
– For specific web applications
99. Handson: Install Cliopatria
1. Download Swi-prolog (http://swi-prolog.org) -> dev.release
2. Install Swi-prolog
3. Install GIT
4. Install Cliopatria using GIT -> https://cliopatria.swi-
prolog.org/help/Download.html
1. In your target dir: (C:/myStuff) do
2. > git clone https://github.com/ClioPatria/ClioPatria.git
5. Create a project
1. Create a project dir (can be where you want) (C:/myStuff/myTripleStore)
2. For windows, in your Cliopatria dir: run setup.pl
3. Make new project in your new dir (C:/myStuff/myTripleStore)
6. Open your project C:/myStuff/myTripleStore/run.pl
7. direct your browser to http://localhost:3020
1. First time: make an admin passwd
100. • In the UI, use Resource->Load local file, select
your file and choose a Named Graph URI
(default=filename)
• If no errors, view basic statistics in Places->
Graphs
– Add more graphs if needed
• Alternatively, you can use ‘ load_rdf(“file”). ‘ in
the prolog prompt
Handson: load your files
http://victordeboer.com/foaf.rdf
101. • Load remote vocabularies using LOD dereferencing (!)
– View your predicates in Places->graphs->predicates
– The blue resources are known (they have triples about
them
– Red resources are unknown resources
– Query the Linked Data Cloud for that resource. Look at the
results in Places-> Graphs
Handson: load remote files
104. Three main ways of accessing remote
Linked Data
1. Through HTTP request on the resource URI
2. Through SPARQL queries
3. Through Linked Data Fragments
4. Get a copy of a dataset
105. 1. Through HTTP request on the
resource URI
• HTTP GET on resource, parse, follow links
– Simple HTTP requests and RDF parsing
– Requires dereferencable URIs
– One request per resource: may require many
requests
• Local caching can be done
• Crawling GET /resource/Amsterdam HTTP/1.1
Host: dbpedia.org
Accept: text/html;q=0.5, application/rdf+xml
I’m ok with HTML… …but I really prefer RDF
107. 2. Get a local copy of a dataset
• through SPARQL CONSTRUCT,
• crawling or
• direct file download
• Save in triple store
– or convert to something else
112. SPARQL – Querying the Web of Data
• query language for RDF graphs (i.e., linked
data)
• extract specific information out of a dataset
(or several datasets)
• "The SQL for the Web of Data"