This document provides an overview of linked open data concepts for libraries, archives, and museums. It discusses what linked open data is, potential benefits for cultural institutions, and technical concepts like URIs, HTTP, RDF, ontologies, and SPARQL. The document also covers publishing linked open data by establishing URIs for resources and using content negotiation. Trust and attribution of linked data sources are addressed. Open data licensing, including options from Creative Commons, is also summarized.
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11854626.v1
Presented at Dutch National Librarian/Information Professianal Association annual conference 2011 - NVB2011
November 17, 2011
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11854626.v1
Presented at Dutch National Librarian/Information Professianal Association annual conference 2011 - NVB2011
November 17, 2011
Talk about Exploring the Semantic Web, and particularly Linked Data, and the Rhizomer approach. Presented August 14th 2012 at the SRI AIC Seminar Series, Menlo Park, CA
Introduction to DBpedia, the most popular and interconnected source of Linked Open Data. Part of EXPLORING WIKIDATA AND THE SEMANTIC WEB FOR LIBRARIES at METRO http://metro.org/events/598/
TPDL2013 tutorial linked data for digital libraries 2013-10-22jodischneider
Tutorial on Linked Data for Digital Libraries, given by me, Uldis Bojars, and Nuno Lopes in Valletta, Malta at TPDL2013 on 2013-10-22.
http://tpdl2013.upatras.gr/tut-lddl.php
This half-day tutorial is aimed at academics and practitioners interested in creating and using Library Linked Data. Linked Data has been embraced as the way to bring complex information onto the Web, enabling discoverability while maintaining the richness of the original data. This tutorial will offer participants an overview of how digital libraries are already using Linked Data, followed by a more detailed exploration of how to publish, discover and consume Linked Data. The practical part of the tutorial will include hands-on exercises in working with Linked Data and will be based on two main case studies: (1) linked authority data and VIAF; (2) place name information as Linked Data.
For practitioners, this tutorial provides a greater understanding of what Linked Data is, and how to prepare digital library materials for conversion to Linked Data. For researchers, this tutorial updates the state of the art in digital libraries, while remaining accessible to those learning Linked
Data principles for the first time. For library and iSchool instructors, the tutorial provides a valuable introduction to an area of growing interest for information organization curricula. For digital library project managers, this tutorial provides a deeper understanding of the principles of Linked Data, which is needed for bespoke projects that involve data mapping and the reuse of existing metadata models.
It19 20140721 linked data personal perspectiveJanifer Gatenby
A presentation made for Standards Australia's seminar. Outlines the basic aspects of linked data from a personal perspective and where it fits with direct and subject searching.
How to Build Linked Data Sites with Drupal 7 and RDFascorlosquet
Slides of the tutorial Stéphane Corlosquet, Lin Clark and Alexandre Passant presented at SemTech 2010 in San Francisco http://semtech2010.semanticuniverse.com/sessionPop.cfm?confid=42& proposalid=2889
Talk about Exploring the Semantic Web, and particularly Linked Data, and the Rhizomer approach. Presented August 14th 2012 at the SRI AIC Seminar Series, Menlo Park, CA
Introduction to DBpedia, the most popular and interconnected source of Linked Open Data. Part of EXPLORING WIKIDATA AND THE SEMANTIC WEB FOR LIBRARIES at METRO http://metro.org/events/598/
TPDL2013 tutorial linked data for digital libraries 2013-10-22jodischneider
Tutorial on Linked Data for Digital Libraries, given by me, Uldis Bojars, and Nuno Lopes in Valletta, Malta at TPDL2013 on 2013-10-22.
http://tpdl2013.upatras.gr/tut-lddl.php
This half-day tutorial is aimed at academics and practitioners interested in creating and using Library Linked Data. Linked Data has been embraced as the way to bring complex information onto the Web, enabling discoverability while maintaining the richness of the original data. This tutorial will offer participants an overview of how digital libraries are already using Linked Data, followed by a more detailed exploration of how to publish, discover and consume Linked Data. The practical part of the tutorial will include hands-on exercises in working with Linked Data and will be based on two main case studies: (1) linked authority data and VIAF; (2) place name information as Linked Data.
For practitioners, this tutorial provides a greater understanding of what Linked Data is, and how to prepare digital library materials for conversion to Linked Data. For researchers, this tutorial updates the state of the art in digital libraries, while remaining accessible to those learning Linked
Data principles for the first time. For library and iSchool instructors, the tutorial provides a valuable introduction to an area of growing interest for information organization curricula. For digital library project managers, this tutorial provides a deeper understanding of the principles of Linked Data, which is needed for bespoke projects that involve data mapping and the reuse of existing metadata models.
It19 20140721 linked data personal perspectiveJanifer Gatenby
A presentation made for Standards Australia's seminar. Outlines the basic aspects of linked data from a personal perspective and where it fits with direct and subject searching.
How to Build Linked Data Sites with Drupal 7 and RDFascorlosquet
Slides of the tutorial Stéphane Corlosquet, Lin Clark and Alexandre Passant presented at SemTech 2010 in San Francisco http://semtech2010.semanticuniverse.com/sessionPop.cfm?confid=42& proposalid=2889
The Geometry of Peaks - an amazing Portuguese fashion collection inspired by Twin Peaks and David Lynch's work, on the 25th anniversary of the TV series.
Efficient processing of Rank-aware queries in Map/ReduceSpiros Oikonomakis
Through the experimental part and the execution of three different algorithms, aims to show the disadvantages of the default operation of the Map/Reduce programming model in Top-K queries, as well as the recommended solution and the effective processing of such query types. Two of the major shortcomings that occur will be managed, namely the Early Termination and the Load Balancing. There is a code which is implemented for this solution.
The results of the MARC must die? workshop at the European Library Automation Group (ELAG) Workshop 2011, http://elag2011.techlib.cz/en/855-07-marc-must-die/ Prague, Czech Republic
MARC and FRBR are among the best known acronyms in today’s cataloging world. With the implementation of RDA by the US national libraries in the late winter/spring of 2013, and with other libraries already adopting the new cataloging code, a great deal of discussion is taking place about FRBR and whether it is implementable. In addition, the viability of the MARC format has been called into question. What is wrong with MARC, and what alternatives are there? Join David Lindahl and John Myers for presentations and Q&A relating to these two cataloging fundamentals.
Presentation at ELAG 2011, European Library Automation Group Conference, Prague, Czech Republic. 25th May 2011
http://elag2011.techlib.cz/en/815-lifting-the-lid-on-linked-data/
One day workshop Linked Data and Semantic WebVictor de Boer
As taught at UNIMAS July 2019. based on a three day summer school by Knud Hinnerk Moeller and Victor de Boer. Includes hands on excercises using SWI-Prolog ClioPatria
Providing open data is of interest for its societal and commercial value, for transparency, and because more people can do fun things with data. There is a growing number of initiatives to provide open data, from, for example, the UK government and the World Bank. However, much of this data is provided in formats such as Excel files, or even PDF files. This raises the question of
- How best to provide access to data so it can be most easily reused?
- How to enable the discovery of relevant data within the multitude of available data sets?
- How to enable applications to integrate data from large numbers of formerly unknown data sources?
One way to address these issues to to use the design principles of linked data (http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html), which suggest best practices for how to publish and connect structured data on the Web. This presentation gives an overview of linked data technologies (such as RDF and SPARQL), examples of how they can be used, as well as some starting points for people who want to provide and use linked data.
The presentation was given on August 8, at the Hacknight event (http://hacknight.se/) of Forskningsavdelningen (http://forskningsavd.se/) (Swedish: “Research Department”) a hackerspace in Malmö.
Nelson Piedra , Janneth Chicaiza
and Jorge López, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Edmundo
Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
and Oscar Martínez, Universitas
Miguel Hernández
Explore the advantages of using linked data with OERs.
morning session talk at the second Keystone Training School "Keyword search in Big Linked Data" held in Santiago de Compostela.
https://eventos.citius.usc.es/keystone.school/
Overview of how data on the Web of Data can be consumed (first and foremost Linked Data) and implications for the development of usage mining approaches.
References:
Elbedweihy, K., Mazumdar, S., Cano, A. E., Wrigley, S. N., & Ciravegna, F. (2011). Identifying Information Needs by Modelling Collective Query Patterns. COLD, 782.
Elbedweihy, K., Wrigley, S. N., & Ciravegna, F. (2012). Improving Semantic Search Using Query Log Analysis. Interacting with Linked Data (ILD 2012), 61.
Raghuveer, A. (2012). Characterizing machine agent behavior through SPARQL query mining. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Usage Analysis and the Web of Data, Lyon, France.
Arias, M., Fernández, J. D., Martínez-Prieto, M. A., & de la Fuente, P. (2011). An empirical study of real-world SPARQL queries. arXiv preprint arXiv:1103.5043.
Hartig, O., Bizer, C., & Freytag, J. C. (2009). Executing SPARQL queries over the web of linked data (pp. 293-309). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Verborgh, R., Hartig, O., De Meester, B., Haesendonck, G., De Vocht, L., Vander Sande, M., ... & Van de Walle, R. (2014). Querying datasets on the web with high availability. In The Semantic Web–ISWC 2014 (pp. 180-196). Springer International Publishing.
Verborgh, R., Vander Sande, M., Colpaert, P., Coppens, S., Mannens, E., & Van de Walle, R. (2014, April). Web-Scale Querying through Linked Data Fragments. In LDOW.
Luczak-Rösch, M., & Bischoff, M. (2011). Statistical analysis of web of data usage. In Joint Workshop on Knowledge Evolution and Ontology Dynamics (EvoDyn2011), CEUR WS.
Luczak-Rösch, M. (2014). Usage-dependent maintenance of structured Web data sets (Doctoral dissertation, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany), http://edocs.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_thesis_000000096138.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdf
Linked Open Data Fundamentals for Libraries, Archives and Museums
1. Linked Open Data Fundamentals
For Libraries, Archives & Museums
Trevor Thornton
Senior Applications Developer, NYPL Labs
New York Public Library
2. Workshop Topics
• What Linked Open Data is
• Potential benefits of Linked Open Data for
libraries, archives and museums
• Overview of technical concepts
• Licenses for open data (legal issues)
• Tour of relevant Linked Open Data sources
(element sets, controlled vocabularies, published
data sets)
• General considerations for implementation
3. Linked Open Data (LOD)
Data
For libraries, archives and museums, this is includes any type of digital
information that describes resources or aids in their discovery (metadata).
It also includes data produced through original research (scientific/statistical
data, geospatial data, etc.)
Linked Data
Data published on the Web in accordance with principles designed to
facilitate linkages between resources
Linked Open Data
Linked data that is freely usable, reusable, and redistributable — subject, at
most, to attribution and ‘share alike’ requirements
4. The value of our data
• Our data is a crucial tool in serving our
missions to collect, preserve and provide
access to resources
• We are dedicated to standards of quality and
accuracy in the data we create
• The creation and management of data
represents a significant investment on the part
of cultural heritage institutions
5. Benefits of Linked Open Data
• Puts information on the web, where people are
looking for it
• People can use your data in new ways, opening
opportunities for scholarship and innovation
• Expands discoverability of your collections
• Allows for continuous improvement of
your data by linking it to a growing pool
of other data
6. The emerging data commons
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/
7. A very brief
history of
linked data
Starring
Tim Berners-Lee
Photo: Paul Clarke
8. 1990 (more or less)
Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web to
publish hypertext documents on the Internet.
It includes 3 essential technologies:
URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer protocol)
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
9. 2001
Tim Berners-Lee proposes ‘The Semantic Web’
in an article in Scientific American
“The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the
current one, in which information is given well-defined
meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in
cooperation…
In the near future, these developments will usher in significant new
functionality as machines become much better able to process and
‘understand’ the data that they merely display at present.”
10. 2006
In a document discussing design issues for the
Semantic Web, Berners-Lee introduces linked
data as a crucial component:
“The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data on the web. It is
about making links, so that a person or machine can explore the
web of data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you
can find other, related, data.”
He outlines 4 basic principles…
11. The Linked Data Principles
1. Use URIs as names for things.
2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up
those names.
3. When someone looks up a URI, provide
useful information, using the standards
(RDF, SPARQL).
4. Include links to other URIs so that they can
discover more things.
13. URI
(Uniform Resource Identifier)
Globally unique identifier for a resource on a
computer or a network.
HTTP URIs identify resources on the Web.
http://www.yourdomain.org/something
14. URI vs. URL
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) are a subset
of URIs that, in addition to identifying a
resource, provide a means of locating it.
A URI does not necessarily point to a document.
A URL does .
A URI can identify a real-world object.
15. HTTP
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
The foundation of data communication for the Web
HTTP request
Client/User agent Web
(e.g. web browser) Server
HTTP response
16. RDF
Resource Description Framework
A framework for describing Web resources.
A Web resource is anything that can be retrieved
or identified on the WWW via a URI.
RDF descriptions are based on simple
subject-predicate-object
expressions called “triples”.
17. The RDF Triple
predicate
subject object
Subject - the resource being described
Predicate - a property of that resource
Object - the value of the property
Subject and predicate are defined using URIs.
Object can either be a URI or a ‘literal’ (text, number, date, etc.)
19. A basic triple
creator
James Joyce
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746309573
http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
http://viaf.org/viaf/44300643
20. Another basic triple
subject
Dublin, Ireland
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746309573
http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin
21. One more basic triple
date created 1918/1922
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746309573
http://purl.org/dc/terms/created
22. RDF data as a graph
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746309
573
date created subject
http://purl.org/dc/terms/created http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject
creator
http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
Dublin, Ireland
1918/1920 http://dbpedia.org/resource/Du
blin
James Joyce
http://viaf.org/viaf/44300643
23. RDF serialization formats
‘Serialization’ = to record one or more
RDF graphs in a machine-readable file.
There are 2 basic options:
RDF in a standalone text file:
• RDF XML
• N3 (Notation 3)
• Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language)
• N-Triples
RDF embedded in HTML
• RDFa (RDF in attributes)
24. Basic triples in N-Triples
<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746309573> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator>
<http://viaf.org/viaf/44300643> .
<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746309573> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject>
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin> .
<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746309573> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/created>
1918/1922 .
N-Triples is the most basic expression of RDF.
25. Basic triples in N3/Turtle
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746309573>
dcterms:creator http://viaf.org/viaf/44300643;
dcterms:subject http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin;
dcterms:created 1918/1922.
Statements about the same resource are
grouped together.
Property URIs are shortened using prefixes.
27. RDFa (RDF in Attributes)
RDFa allows RDF data to be embedded
within HTML content.
Rendered HTML:
Ulysses is a novel by the Irish author James Joyce.
HTML code:
<div about=“http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746309573”
prefix=“dcterms: http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
Ulysses is a novel by the Irish author
<span property=“dcterms:creator”
resource=“http://viaf.org/viaf/44300643”>James Joyce</span>
</div>
28. RDF Ontologies
Ontologies/vocabularies define categories of things
and the relationships that they can have
to each other.
Ontologies provide the semantics that allow data
to be interpreted by machines.
Rules of inference – what can be assumed to be
true based on what is asserted by a triple.
29. RDFS (RDF Schema)
A basic vocabulary for ontology development.
RDFS defines RDF classes and properties.
Class – a category of resources; a resource in
such a category is said to be an instance of the
class
Property – a relation between a subject
resource and an object resource in a triple.
30. OWL
(Web Ontology Language)
Provides an extended set of properties used in
ontology/vocabulary definitions
(used in conjunction with RDFS)
• Equivalence/disjunction
• Advanced property definitions
• Restrictions and Cardinality
31. SKOS
(Simple Knowledge Organization System)
Set of vocabularies created to support the use of
thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading
systems and taxonomies in RDF
• Concept schemes
(names, topics, geographic terms, etc.)
• Preferred/alternate labels
• Broader/narrower concepts
32. Triplestore
A database for storing RDF data.
Often a triplestore is part of a suite of
applications that might include:
• Triplestore
• Inference engine – provides the ‘intelligence’
required to interpret data based on RDFS/OWL
ontologies
• Query engine – supports access to data based on
user-supplied queries
33. SPARQL
(SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language)
• The primary query language for RDF data
(analogous to SQL for relational databases)
• SPARQL endpoint – Web service that provides
direct access to RDF datastores via SPARQL
queries
34. Publishing Linked Data
Establish URIs for your resources
• Within a domain that you control (yourlibrary.org)
• Consult with your IT staff on strategies for
formulating URIs, for example:
Subdomain (data.yourlibrary.org/something)
Reserve a path within your domain,
(yourdomain.org/data/something)
35. Publishing Linked Data
Decide what happens when users (human or
machine) try to access your URIs via the Web
1. Nothing (Not recommended)
2. Something – User is provided with information about the
resource
URI directs to RDF file
Good for machines, not for humans
URI directs to an HTML representation of the resource
Good for humans, useless for machines – Not recommended
URI directs to an HTML representation of the resource with RDFa embedded
Good for humans, OK for machines
URI directs to either RDF file or HTML representation based on what
the user prefers (content negotiation)
36. HTTP Content Negotiation
HTTP request
Client/User agent Web
(e.g. web browser) Server
HTTP response
HTTP Request HTTP Response
• Resource URI (+ method) • Status code
• Headers (Information about • Headers (Information
the requestor) about the response)
• Message body (optional) • Message body (optional)
37. HTTP ‘Accept’ Header
Part of the HTTP request that specifies what
types of data the client can accept
• Web browsers
HTML, JPEG, GIF, text, or other formats that browser can
display – unsupported formats are either displayed as text or
prompt user to download file
• Semantic web applications
RDF XML, N3, Turtle, or other RDF serialization
38. HTTP Status Codes
Part of the HTTP response that classifies the
nature of the response
1xx : Informational
2xx : Success
Example: 200 OK
3xx : Redirection
Examples: 301 Moved Permanently, 303 See Other
Response will include ‘Location’ header with URI for new resource
4xx : Error
Example: 404 Not Found
39. HTTP Content Negotiation
via 303 Redirect
HTTP request
URI: http://example.org/something
Accepts: HTML, JPEG, GIF, etc.
Web server
Web browser (running some kind of
content negotiation service)
40. HTTP Content Negotiation
via 303 Redirect
HTTP request
URI: http://example.org/something
Accepts: HTML, JPEG, GIF, etc.
HTTP response
Status: 303 See Other
Location: Web server
Web browser http://example.org/something.html
(running some kind of
content negotiation service)
41. HTTP Content Negotiation
via 303 Redirect
HTTP request
URI: http://example.org/something
Accepts: HTML, JPEG, GIF, etc.
HTTP response
Status: 303 See Other
Location: Web server
Web browser http://example.org/something.html
(running some kind of
content negotiation service)
HTTP request
URI: http://example.org/something.html
Accepts: HTML, JPEG, GIF, etc.
42. HTTP Content Negotiation
via 303 Redirect
HTTP request
URI: http://example.org/something
Accepts: HTML, JPEG, GIF, etc.
HTTP response
Status: 303 See Other
Location: Web server
Web browser http://example.org/something.html
(running some kind of
content negotiation service)
HTTP request
URI: http://example.org/something.html
Accepts: HTML, JPEG, GIF, etc.
HTTP response
Status: 200 OK
43. Trust
The rapid growth of the Web is attributable in
large part to the fact that it allows anyone to say
anything about anything (provable
facts, subjective opinions, blatant lies and
everything in between)
This is also true of the linked data web.
Libraries, archives and museums are expected
to provide ‘factual’, objective data and depend
on trusted sources.
44. Linked data attribution
A growing concern in the linked data community is
the need to include attribution with data in order to
determine whether or not it can/should be trusted.
• RDF reification – allows source attribution to be associated
with an RDF triple
• Named graphs – Extension of RDF that allows attribution and
other metadata to be associated with RDF descriptions
• Quad stores – Similar to triplestores but with an additional
element that connects the triple with its source
46. Linked Open Data
Data
For libraries, archives and museums, this is includes any type of digital
information that describes resources or aids in their discovery (metadata).
Also includes data produced through original research (scientific/statistical
data, geospatial data, etc.)
Linked Data
Data published on the Web in accordance with principles designed to
facilitate linkages between resources
Linked Open Data
Linked data that is freely usable, reusable, and redistributable — subject, at
most, to attribution and ‘share alike’ requirements
47. Open data licensing
Licensing your data is not the same as licensing
your assets. Typically permitted uses of data are
much less restrictive.
You can often provide free, open use of your
data even if use of your assets are
completely restricted.
TALK TO YOUR LEGAL DEPARTMENT FIRST.
48. Open data licensing
A nonprofit organization that enables the
sharing and use of creativity and knowledge
through free legal tools.
CC provides an alternative to standard
“all rights reserved” copyright.
49. Creative Commons Licenses
Three-Layer Design:
LEAGAL CODE
The actual license as a legal
document (accessible on the Web)
COMMONS DEED
The human-readable version
of the license
MACHINE-READABLE CODE
Allows license info to be
expressed in RDF
50. Creative Commons Licenses
CC licenses allow creators to specify a
combination of 4 restrictions on use
Attribution Non-Commercial
Any use must give Only non-commercial
credit to the creator uses are permitted
Share Alike No Derivative Works
Any use must be made The original may only be used
available under the same in whole and unchanged
terms as the original
Licenses specify that any restrictions may be waived with
permission of the rights holder.
51. OPEN DATA (: Creative Commons Licenses
Attribution (CC BY)
Allows distribution and reuse in any way as long as you get credit
Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
Allows distribution and reuse in any way as long as you get credit and
derivative works are released under the same license
Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND)
Requires that the original is used unchanged and in whole, with credit to you
NOT OPEN DATA ):
Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-ND)
Allows distribution and reuse in any way, for non-commercial purposes only, as long as
you get credit
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)
Requires that the original is used unchanged and in whole, with credit to you, provided
that derivative works are released under the same license
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)
Only permits use as-is, for non commercial purposes, and with credit to you – the most
restrictive CC license available
52. CC0 (‘CC Zero’)
Allows creators to waive all rights to work
and to place it as completely as possible
into the public domain.
• Laws vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction as to what rights are
automatically granted and how and when they expire or may
be voluntarily relinquished
• Ambiguity with regard to rights can limit creative re-use
• CC0 is designed to make it as clear as is legally possible that
any use of your content is allowed
• Quickly becoming the preferred license for open data
AGAIN, TALK TO YOUR LEGAL DEPARTMENT FIRST!
55. Bibliographic Ontology
bibliontology.com
An extensive vocabulary of terms for describing
bibliographic resources
56. FOAF (Friend of a Friend)
foaf-project.org
Provides a vocabulary for describing people and their
relationships to each other and the things they create
57. LC Linked Data Service
id.loc.gov
Library of Congress authorities as linked data (Name Authority
File, Subject Headings, Thesaurus of Graphic Materials, etc.)
58. Virtual International Authority File
viaf.org
Links names from multiple authority files to create cluster
records representing the entities identified
59. GeoNames
geonames.org
Aggregates geographic data from a wide variety of sources
and makes it available as LOD
60. New York Times
data.nytimes.com
150 years of subjects from New York Times articles –
data source for Times Topics pages
62. DBpedia
dbpedia.org
Crowd-sourced community effort to extract structured
information from Wikipedia and to make it available on the Web
63. Freebase
freebase.com
A large collaborative knowledge base consisting of metadata
composed mainly by its community members (owned by Google)
64. Google Knowledge Graph
Google uses data from Freebase and other sources
to provide related information based on search queries
65. Schema.org
A set of vocabularies developed by Google, Bing (Microsoft)
and Yahoo! for adding semantic data to web pages
66. OCLC WorldCat
oclc.org/worldcat
Earlier this year, OCLC added linked data to records in
WorldCat, using Schema.org vocabularies and proposed
extensions
for library data
68. Start small
Linked Open Data is not an
‘all or nothing’ proposition
Start by publishing data about
specific collections or items of
special interest
Consider incorporating Linked Open Data
into online exhibitions or special projects
69. Engage the linked data
community
Let people know what you’re up to, and
ask for feedback – you will get it.
70. Be creative
In addition to publishing data about
your own collections, think about how you
can incorporate data from other sources
into your projects
Consider collaborations with
other institutions
71. Utilize your internal resources
Cataloging/Metadata
Curators/Subject Matter Experts
IT Staff
Legal Department