Special Instruction:
Fabric shrinkage must keep within ±5%
Color fastness should be 4-5 range
Pilling range 3 to 5
pH range 5.5 to 7
Fabric weight will be allowed ±02%
Fabric quality should be s per approved swatches & Lab-Dips.
Batch to batch color matching should be 4-5
Batch to batch “Shade Band Swatch” must be submitted for approval.
Special Instruction:
Fabric shrinkage must keep within ±5%
Color fastness should be 4-5 range
Pilling range 3 to 5
pH range 5.5 to 7
Fabric weight will be allowed ±02%
Fabric quality should be s per approved swatches & Lab-Dips.
Batch to batch color matching should be 4-5
Batch to batch “Shade Band Swatch” must be submitted for approval.
Lab dip is a process by which buyers supplied swatch is matched with the varying dyes percentage in the laboratory with or without help of “DATA COLOR”
Lab dip plays an important role in shade matching & and detaching the characteristics of the dyes and chemicals are to be used in the large scale of production. So this is an important task before bulk production.
It has great effect of hot brand reactive dye on cotton fabric with exhaustion method. Migration method is more acceptable for proper color fixation in a dyeing process. Another way when we followed ISO method has create a lot of problem such as wash fastness variation rubbing fastness variation, uneven dyeing etc. If we want to get perfect dyeing than we must maintain migration method.
Classification of dyes; Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate dye classes; Dyeing of polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends; Dyeing machines; Dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics and machines used; Dye fibre interaction; Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing; Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness.
Lab dip is a process by which buyers supplied swatch is matched with the varying dyes percentage in the laboratory with or without help of “DATA COLOR”
Lab dip plays an important role in shade matching & and detaching the characteristics of the dyes and chemicals are to be used in the large scale of production. So this is an important task before bulk production.
It has great effect of hot brand reactive dye on cotton fabric with exhaustion method. Migration method is more acceptable for proper color fixation in a dyeing process. Another way when we followed ISO method has create a lot of problem such as wash fastness variation rubbing fastness variation, uneven dyeing etc. If we want to get perfect dyeing than we must maintain migration method.
Classification of dyes; Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate dye classes; Dyeing of polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends; Dyeing machines; Dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics and machines used; Dye fibre interaction; Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing; Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness.
Dye effluents impose hazardous effects on human beings as well as on environment. The present powerpoint deals with some of the decolourization techniques that can be adopted for treating wastewater containing toxic dyes and chemicals
Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover-------
Oligomer is a smaller chain length of polyester made up of two or more molecules of basic ethylene terephthlate i.e. dimer or trimer, produced as a side reaction during the manufacture of polyester. The Oligoester because of its smaller chain length is in the form of a fine powder which is entrapped is basic polymer and migrates to the surface during high temperature polyester dyeing.
Higher the depth more is the displacement of Oligomer to the fibre surface. Typically polyester fibres contain between 1.5-3.5% by mass of low molecular esters, the principal oligomer being cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) with smaller quantities of dimer, pentamer & other compounds. Approximately 0.1 % to 1.0 % of Oligomer is produced as a side reaction in the manufacture of basic polyester.
Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover, problems caused on its deposit, Removing Art, Solutions----
These dyes are non ionic in nature and are applied on the fibres which cannot dyed by any other dyes like Reactive dyes, acidic dyes, direct dyes. These dyes make dispersion in the water which form particles. So we have to make soluble it.
Pretreatment ,Impurities in natural fibre; Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk; Mercerization of cotton; Preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their blends,Carbonization ,Scouring barium acitivity number .
Scope of Dyeing Polyester Cotton (PC) Blended Fabric in Single Bath Process f...iosrjce
Dyeing of fabric blends such as Polyester/Cotton (P/C) is presently done with two
chemically different classes of dyes namely disperse for polyester and reactive for cotton, in
two bath process. Experimental work was carried out on finding the possibility of dyeing the
P/C blends in one bath process without drain the liquor after polyester part dyeing. All the
existing chemical and conventional temperature range were applied in this study. The result
indicates that, the using of one bath method in the polyester cotton dyeing can slightly change
the fastness properties than the conventional method. The one bath dyeing method showed
level dyeing having good fastness properties and offers the option of cost effective and ecofriendly
dyeing process.
Similar to Dyeing of polyester at low temperature (20)
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
3. INTRODUCTION OF POLYESTER
Polyester fibre is hydrophobic and characterized by crystalline
structure
The most common dyestuffs used to dye PES fibres are disperse
dyes
Water insoluble dyes are suitable
Lower molecular weight of dye have a faster dyeing rate
Dispersing agent must be needed
Usually high temperature need to dye polyester
Polyester fibers have a high glass transition temperature,
approximately 80°C
4. DYEING at LOW TEMPERATURE (≤40°C)
Method
Emulsion dyeing system
Prepared by ultrasonic agitation
Composed of a small proportion of organic solvent (alkyl
halogen) and phosphogliceride as the emulsifier
Applying high, medium, and low molecular weight disperse
dyes
5. USING DYES
Disperse Dyes Molecular Weight
Red Foron E-2GL
Low Molecular Weight
Blue Foron E-2RLS
Yellow Foron SE-4GRL
Medium Molecular Weight
Red Foron SE-GL
Blue Foron S-BGL
High Molecular Weight
Yellow Foron S-4GL
6. CHEMICALS with FUNCTION
Methylene Chloride
(12 ml)
Phosphoglyceride
(Lecithin 2.4 g/l)
It is used as dipersing agent
which is to lead segmental
movement of the fibre and
solubilized dye and emulsifier.
It is used as emulsifier which is
surface active agent, it helps
emulsion to remain in stable
form.
7. BEFORE DYEING,
The fibers were washed with a nonionic
surfactant as follows:
Sandozina NIA (Sandoz),(0.5 g/l)
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (4 g/l)
Washing at 65°C temperature, and duration 30
minutes
Five rinses wash with double distilled water
8. MACHINERY with APPLICATION
Launder-Ometer
Spectrophotometer
The ultrasound
apparatus
Laser diffraction device
Used for dyeing trials
Used for determine the
dye in aquous solution
Used to prepare the
microemulsions
Used to determine
particle size
9. DYEING KINETICS and RATE CONSTANT
Fig-1: Dyeing kinetics of Red Foron E-2GL absorbed by polyester fibers at low temperatures of
20. 30. 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride (12 ml/l) and soya lecithin (2.4g/l).
DyeAbsorption
Time
10. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-2: Dyeing kinetics of Blue Foron E-2RLS absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20, 30, 35, and 40°C in presence of methylene chloride (12 ml/l) and
soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
11. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-3: Dyeing kinetics of Yellow Foron SE-4GRL absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20, 30, 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride (12 ml) and
soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
12. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-4: Dyeing kinetics of Red Foron SE-GL absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20, 30, 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride (12 ml)
and soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
13. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-5: Dyeing kinetics of Blue Foron S-BGL absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20, 30, 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride ( 12 ml)
and soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
14. DyeAbsorption
Time
Figure-6: Dyeing kinetics of Yellow Foron S-4GL absorbed by polyester fibers at low
temperatures of 20. 30. 35, and 40°C in the presence of methylene chloride (12 ml)
and soya lecithin (2.4 g/l).
15. ACTIVATION ENERGY
Activation energies range from 20-40 Kcal.mol-1; these values
are similar to those achieved in traditional dyeing with a carrier.
Table-1: Activation energies of polyester dyeing at low temperatures with
disperse dyes.
16. Table-2: Color fastness to dry heat of polyester dyed with conventional
procedure with carrier (7 ml/l of dilatina BN of Sandoz) and with proposed
emulsion dyeing system.
COLOR FASTNESS to DRY HEAT
17. DIFFUSION of DYE DEPENDS on
In inner diffusion,
Local rate of dye transport
The geometry of the medium
Radius of the cross section
18. DIFFERENCE between CARRIER and EMULSION
DYEING SYSTEM
Carrier Method Emulsion Method
Polyester dyeing temperature at 100°C
in this system
Polyester dyeing temperature at ≤40°C
in this system
Structural transformations that are
sometimes undesirable, because the
carrier can partly plasticize the fibers
Undesirable structural transformations
is not occurred in this system
Machinery cost is high than the
emulsion dyeing system
Machinery cost is low than the carrier
method
Less time than emulsion dyeing system More time required
Less dye absorption rate than emulsion
method
High dye absorption rate
19. ADVANTAGES of EMULSION DYEING SYSTEM
Less temperature
Less cost
Save electricity
Can be apply high, medium, and low molecular weight
disperse dyes
Good fastness properties and without significantly
altering the microstructure
Dye exhaustion is higher than 90% at 40°C and 180
min for low,intermediate molecular weight
20. SHORT SUMMARY
Small amounts of methylene chloride (12 ml/l) are dispersed in
water by ultrasound and stabilized with lecithin.
Dyeing kinetics are good for this method with disperse dyes of
high, intermediate, and low molecular weight.
Dye exhaustion is higher than 90% at a temperature of 40°C and
time of 180 minutes for low and, intermediate molecular weight
dyes.
Dye exhaustion is lower with the highest molecular weight
dyes.
Activation energies vary between 20-40 kcal/mol.
So, we should apply these emulsion dyeing procedure for
polyester at low temperature with disperse dyes.