The document discusses the OLGA tar removal technology for gasification processes. It describes the OLGA technology, its development through three steps to enable efficient production of heat/power, sustainable fuels and chemicals, and its flexibility for different gasification systems. OLGA has proven highly effective at removing tar while also controlling dioxin emissions. It remains an important technology for treating syngas from biomass and waste gasification.
Non recovery-heat recovery cokemaking - a review of recent developmentsJorge Madias
This paper is an update of a previous publication in Spanish [1]. One of the current trends in the production of
metallurgical coke is the comeback of non-recovery ovens. This is driven by less interest in byproducts, smaller investment per annual ton, better environmental performance. The development took place particularly in China, India, USA, Brazil, Australia and Colombia [2]. In the USA, one important factor promoting this technology was that EPA declared it as Maximum Achievable Current technology in 1990. This technology arises from the classic beehive ovens which supplied since the XVIII century the coke for the industrial revolution. Those ovens were manually operated, with small heat recovery, just for heating the oven. Now, non-recovery ovens are modern construction, with highly mechanized operation, and automated to a certain degree. Gases generated by the combustion of the volatile matter are sent through downcomers and further burnt to heat the oven bottom and sides; in many cases, mostly when the plant is built within or closed to a steelmaking facility, the hot gas is used for vapor generation and electric power production. Main differences between conventional and non-recovery/heat recovery processes are shown in figure 1. In conventional process, the coal charged receives the heat indirectly through the furnace walls, by combustion of external gas; inside the oven, positive pressure develops. Gas generated in the coking process is sent to the
by-products plant. In non-recovery ovens, coking proceeds from the top through direct heating by the partial
combustion of the volatile matter over the coal bed, and from the bottom by heat coming from full combustion of gases escaping from the oven. In these plants, the offgas is treated and sent to the stack, in many cases after recovering sensible heat to produce vapor and electric power. Installed capacity for these furnaces was esteemed in 2005 in 22 M metric tons per year, probably including
beehive ovens [2]. In table 1, some of the non-recovery coke plants currently operating are listed. Some plants
belong to companies with coal mining as its core business; others are independent coke producers, purchasing coal and selling coke; then there is some joint ventures between coke producers and steelmakers,
and finally, captive coke plants belonging to steel companies.
Non recovery-heat recovery cokemaking - a review of recent developmentsJorge Madias
This paper is an update of a previous publication in Spanish [1]. One of the current trends in the production of
metallurgical coke is the comeback of non-recovery ovens. This is driven by less interest in byproducts, smaller investment per annual ton, better environmental performance. The development took place particularly in China, India, USA, Brazil, Australia and Colombia [2]. In the USA, one important factor promoting this technology was that EPA declared it as Maximum Achievable Current technology in 1990. This technology arises from the classic beehive ovens which supplied since the XVIII century the coke for the industrial revolution. Those ovens were manually operated, with small heat recovery, just for heating the oven. Now, non-recovery ovens are modern construction, with highly mechanized operation, and automated to a certain degree. Gases generated by the combustion of the volatile matter are sent through downcomers and further burnt to heat the oven bottom and sides; in many cases, mostly when the plant is built within or closed to a steelmaking facility, the hot gas is used for vapor generation and electric power production. Main differences between conventional and non-recovery/heat recovery processes are shown in figure 1. In conventional process, the coal charged receives the heat indirectly through the furnace walls, by combustion of external gas; inside the oven, positive pressure develops. Gas generated in the coking process is sent to the
by-products plant. In non-recovery ovens, coking proceeds from the top through direct heating by the partial
combustion of the volatile matter over the coal bed, and from the bottom by heat coming from full combustion of gases escaping from the oven. In these plants, the offgas is treated and sent to the stack, in many cases after recovering sensible heat to produce vapor and electric power. Installed capacity for these furnaces was esteemed in 2005 in 22 M metric tons per year, probably including
beehive ovens [2]. In table 1, some of the non-recovery coke plants currently operating are listed. Some plants
belong to companies with coal mining as its core business; others are independent coke producers, purchasing coal and selling coke; then there is some joint ventures between coke producers and steelmakers,
and finally, captive coke plants belonging to steel companies.
'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feasibility s...Global CCS Institute
The Global CCS Institute has recently published a feasibility study report on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) to a steel plant in China. Toshiba was commissioned to conduct the study in collaboration with Chinese corporations.
The feasibility suggests that carbon capture in Chinese steel plants is a cost effective means of reducing carbon emissions compared with similar plants around the world. In this webinar, Toshiba presented on the major findings of this feasibility study.
bio crude or bio oil is a synthetic fuel under investigation as substitute for petroleum.it is a kind tar and normally contains level of oxygen to be considered a pure hydrocarbon.
Barry Jones, General Manager - Asia Pacific for the Global CCS Institute, provides an overview of carbon capture and storage technology including its rationale and a summary of current projects. The presentation also examines impediments to its deployment and recommendations for how to overcome them.
A full package presentation about Hydrogen Production Unit including an overview about steam reformers, combustion reaction, moods of heat transfer, draft systems, reactors, chemicals used in HPU, and types of compressors. Moreover, it describes the process description, process variables, and opens the way for some possible improvements which can be implemented to develop the unit performance.
Guidelines for storage Handling and Dispensing of CNG.pptxAbhishek Padiyar
Latest T4S guidelines for storage, handling and dispensing of CNG at mother station, online station and daughter booster station.
This presentation make it simple and understandable to the guidelines for setting up of the layout for CNG station including, inter distance between various equipment and units, storage guidelines, filling guidelines and safety guidelines.
I have try to cover all the safety requirements of various equipment to be installed at a CNG station for its storage and dispensing.
what is producer gas?
Typical components of producer gas
Tar classification
Types of Biomass
GENERAL METHOD BIOMASS PRODUCER GAS CLEANING SYSTEM
Classification of mechanical/physical gas cleaning systems.
ADVANCE CLEANNING SYSTEM
how to clean producer gas from the system
'Applying carbon capture and storage to a Chinese steel plant.' Feasibility s...Global CCS Institute
The Global CCS Institute has recently published a feasibility study report on applying carbon capture and storage (CCS) to a steel plant in China. Toshiba was commissioned to conduct the study in collaboration with Chinese corporations.
The feasibility suggests that carbon capture in Chinese steel plants is a cost effective means of reducing carbon emissions compared with similar plants around the world. In this webinar, Toshiba presented on the major findings of this feasibility study.
bio crude or bio oil is a synthetic fuel under investigation as substitute for petroleum.it is a kind tar and normally contains level of oxygen to be considered a pure hydrocarbon.
Barry Jones, General Manager - Asia Pacific for the Global CCS Institute, provides an overview of carbon capture and storage technology including its rationale and a summary of current projects. The presentation also examines impediments to its deployment and recommendations for how to overcome them.
A full package presentation about Hydrogen Production Unit including an overview about steam reformers, combustion reaction, moods of heat transfer, draft systems, reactors, chemicals used in HPU, and types of compressors. Moreover, it describes the process description, process variables, and opens the way for some possible improvements which can be implemented to develop the unit performance.
Guidelines for storage Handling and Dispensing of CNG.pptxAbhishek Padiyar
Latest T4S guidelines for storage, handling and dispensing of CNG at mother station, online station and daughter booster station.
This presentation make it simple and understandable to the guidelines for setting up of the layout for CNG station including, inter distance between various equipment and units, storage guidelines, filling guidelines and safety guidelines.
I have try to cover all the safety requirements of various equipment to be installed at a CNG station for its storage and dispensing.
what is producer gas?
Typical components of producer gas
Tar classification
Types of Biomass
GENERAL METHOD BIOMASS PRODUCER GAS CLEANING SYSTEM
Classification of mechanical/physical gas cleaning systems.
ADVANCE CLEANNING SYSTEM
how to clean producer gas from the system
The value of selecting the right catalyst
Selecting the key performance criteria
Sources of data:
Plant data
Laboratory reactor data
Catalyst characterization
Recommendations
The NCS delivers carbon accounting and carbon management courses both online and through face to face workshops. The NCS developed Australia's first accredited short course in carbon accounting, and Australia's first Diploma of Carbon Management
Post-combustion CO2 capture from natural gas combined cycles by solvent supported membranes - presentation by Matteo Romano of Politecnico di Milano at the UKCCSRC Natural Gas CCS Network Meeting at GHGT-12, Austin, Texas, October 2014
Nu energy - cokemaking technology for current challengesJorge Madias
This presentation deals with a technology for formed coke production. Milestones in the development of this technology are summarized. Then, the equipment and the process are described. The environmental impact is briefly addressed. The products obtained along the processes, including char, gas, liquids and coke are characterized, and possible applications are mentioned. As an example, an economical evaluation of a given project is detailed. Finally, a coke cost exercise is carried out.
CCS Projects Integration Workshop - London 3Nov11 - TCM - Project IntegrationGlobal CCS Institute
This presentation was given at the Global CCS Institute/CSLF meeting on CCS Project Integration that was held in London on 3 November 2011. The aim of the meeting was to share experiences on CCS project integration; and to identify priority integration topics that need further attention to facilitate CCS project development and deployment.
You can view more presentations from the event at http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/community/blogs/authors/klaasvanalphen/2011/11/25/presentations-global-ccs-institutecslf-meeting-ccs
High-performance CO2 sorbents from algae - presentation by Magdalena Titirici in the Biomass CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
High-performance CO2 sorbents from algae - presentation by Magdalena Titirici...
OLGA tar removal
1. OLGA
Flexible tar removal for high efficient production of
clean heat & power as well as sustainable fuels & chemicals
www.ecn.nl
2. Content of the paper
Environmental progress & sustainable energy / October 2009 / Volume 28 / Number 3
• The tar problem
• The OLGA technology
• The development
Step 1: Demonstration of high-efficient production of clean heat and power
Step 2: Developing high-efficient production of sustainable fuels & chemicals
Step 3: Demonstrating the flexibility of the OLGA tar removal technology
• Commercial gasification projects
• Conclusions and outlook
• References
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3. Content of the presentation
• The tar problem
• The OLGA technology
• The development
Step 1: Demonstration of high-efficient production of clean heat and power
Step 2: Developing high-efficient production of sustainable fuels & chemicals
Step 3: Demonstrating the flexibility of the OLGA tar removal technology
• Commercial gasification projects
• Conclusions and outlook
• References
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4. Excluded from the presentation
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7. Step 1: Heat and power
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8. Step 1: Heat and power
Dioxins
‘Dioxins’ is a common name for
a group of 210 compoundsisomers of
polychlorinated-dibenzo-para-dioxins
and -dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)
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9. Step 1: Heat and power
4 6
O
3 7
2 8
Cl O Cl
1 9
polychlorinated-dibenzo-para-dioxins
and -dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)
4 6
O
3 7
2 8
Cl Cl
1 9
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10. Step 1: Heat and power Viktor Yushchenko (Ukraine)
• dioxins are toxic at low concentrations
(already at 0.000000001 g/m3)
• I-TEQ = International Toxicity Equivalent
= measure for dioxins toxicity
• European emission limit (flue) =
0.1 ng I-TEQ/mn3 (at 6% O2 in flue gas)
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11. Step 1: Heat and power
• carbon source
– residual carbon on ash
– gas-phase Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs, TAR)
– (fly) ash/char-adsorbed PICs
• elevated temperature
– 700-900°C gas-phase reactions
– 250-400°C catalytic reactions (surface = wall/ash catalysed)
• chlorine source
– organic/inorganic chlorides
– free Cl2 (e.g. Deacon’s reaction from HCl)
Only a (proper) combination of all three factors yields dioxins...
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12. Step 1: Heat and power
10 Presented concentrations = raw producer gas
9
75 Gasifier = air-blown, direct
PCDD/Fs concentration [ng I-TEQ/m3]
8
7
6 Chlorine/ash-rich fuels = increased levels
5
High conversion temperature = low levels
4
3
2
1
0
RDF A 725°C RDF B 725 °C sewage sludge RDF A 820°C sewage sludge clean wood
750°C 850°C pellets 850°C
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13. Step 1: Heat and power
0.45
0.4
PCDD/Fs concentration [ng I-TEQ/m3]
0.35 Fuel = clean wood pellets
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
raw prod. gas (upstream OLGA) clean prod. gas (downstream OLGA)
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14. Step 1: Heat and power
0.5
1.9
0.45
PCDD concentration [ng I-TEQ/m3]
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2 EU emission limit (flue gas):
0.15 0.1 ng I-TEQ/mn3 [@ 6% O2]
0.1
0.05
0
boiler (no OLGA) boiler (with OLGA) gas engine (with gas turbine (with
OLGA) OLGA)
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15. Step 2: Sustainable fuels & chemicals
Fischer-Tropsch diesel
Substitute Natural Gas (SNG)
Chemicals
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17. Step 3: Flexibility
Lab
WOB BFB at ECN
MILENA Indirect at ECN
Pilot
BIVKIN CFB at ECN
MILENA Indirect at ECN
Commercial
PRMe Fixed Bed at Moissannes
BIVKIN CFB in Portugal
MILENA Indirect at HVC
Note that existing lab and pilot
OLGA at ECN hardly changed!
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18. Step 3: Flexibility
RDF
High chlorine content together
with high amounts of PE/PP/PB/PS
Formation of a unusual thermoplast
inbetween 150 and 200°C
Upstream chlorine removal applied
OLGA operation without problems
Chicken manure (new project)
High ash content
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19. Step 3: Flexibility polar tar
non-polar tar
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21. Conclusions & outlook
The OLGA technology development started in 2001 and OLGA was
launched to the market by Dahlman in 2007
OLGA always showed to be a very efficient, flexible and reliable gas
cleaning technology. This accounts not only for tar removal, but also for
(dioxin) emission control
Although OLGA can be considered as proven technology for many
applications and downstream different gasifiers, for some applications
(e.g. low temperature gasification or bad feedstock) some additional
testing work on lab and pilot scale at ECN is advised and can be
performed though to ensure successful commercial operation
ECN continues its work on the sustainable production of fuels and
chemicals, with OLGA having shown to be successful as well as
efficient cleaning upstream processes for FT-diesel or SNG production
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23. References
catalytic cracking
plasma
RPS and ESP
gasreip A to C
OLGA
the tar problem
solved though
remaining an
enduring challenge
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24. Contact information
Robin Zwart
e: zwart@ecn.nl PO Box 1
t: +31 224 56 4574 NL 1755 ZG Petten
w: www.ecn.nl the Netherlands
publications: www.ecn.nl/publications
fuel composition database: www.phyllis.nl
tar dew point calculator: www.thersites.nl
IEA bioenergy/gasification: www.ieatask33.org
Milena indirect gasifier: www.milenatechnology.com
OLGA tar removal: www.olgatechnology.com
SNG: www.biosng.com and www.biocng.com
Dahlman: www.dahlman.nl and www.renewableenergy.nl
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