Old School Hip Hop refers to the earliest commercially recorded hip hop music from 1979-1984, characterized by simple rapping styles like battle rap done improvisationally over simple backbeats. Key artists included Afrika Bambaataa, The Sugarhill Gang, and Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. Musical elements included sampling from disco and funk tracks, with scratching pioneered by DJs and further sampling, sequencing and other production techniques developed.