Over the next 25 years, oil demand is expected to increase by 11 million barrels per day, with over 90% of the additional oil coming from the Middle East and North Africa. This will require $2.7 trillion of investment in the region's oil exploration and production as existing oil fields decline and new sources are harder and more expensive to access. The oil and gas industry also faces acute shortages of skilled workers like petroleum engineers and geologists as experienced employees retire, which could lead to operational challenges if not addressed. Skills development and training programs are needed to ensure continued supply of expertise.