Offshore windfarm design - Lesson 7 park design
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Offshore windfarm design - Lesson 7 park design and cable system Many thanks to my friend Håvard Hartviksen Elen for helping me with this one!
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Offshore windfarm design - Lesson 7 park design
- 1. Offshore Windfarm Design Structure, Park, Planning, Installation and Maintenance Don’t throw my advice in the wind EASOWD41/RMIOMT01 Leo Hulspas, Jacob Diepenhorst, Johan Antonissen
- 2. AGENDA ▸ Les 1 – History, Current State of Art, North Sea ▸ Les 2 – Site Conditions ▸ Les 3 – The Turbine ▸ Les 4 – Actuator Disk Theory and Energy Yield ▸ Les 5 – Structure Design and Load Calculations ▸ Les 6 – Structure Design and Load Calculations ▸ Les 7 – Park Design ▸ Les 8 – Vessels ▸ Les 9 – Installation and Comissioning ▸ Les 10 – Operations and Maintenance
- 3. What you’ll Learn... ▸ Basic park lay-out ● Wake Losses ● Turbine Configuration ▸ Electrical Infrastructure ● Cable System Turbine ● Transmission Station ● Cable System to Land ● Land Connection
- 4. Basic Park Lay-Out Met Mast Transformer station HV cable Turbine Land Connection MV cable
- 5. Turbine Placement ▸ Flow Blockage ▸ Wind Speed Loss ▸ Turbulance Increase ▸ Power Loss Increased Loss Row0 Row1 Row2
- 6. Turbine Distance a = ambient Flow Recovery Optimum roughly at 6D (More info: lookup “Jensen’s Far Wake Model”)
- 7. Turbine Distance ▸ Flow Blockage (for 6 D) ▸ Wind Speed Loss (α = 10-20%) ▸ Power Loss (β = 5-10%) Increased Loss Urow=U0⋅(1−α) row Prow=P0⋅(1−β) row Row0 Row1 Row2 6D D
- 8. Turbine Arrangement and Placement Most wind from north-west
- 9. Turbine Arrangement and Placement Zoom in location
- 10. Turbine Arrangement and Placement Etc...
- 11. Turbine Arrangement and Placement ▸ Also take into account ● Local Depth Variations ● Local Soil Variations
- 12. Medium-Voltage Cables (Turbine to Transformer) ▸ AC 33 kV ▸ 1 kA – 2kA (Thermal Limit) ▸ Ø ~250 mm ▸ Expensive! MVAC cable
- 13. Cable Arrangement Transformer Station ▸ More Turbines per Line → Cheaper!
- 14. Cable Arrangement Transformer Station Cable Failure ▸ More Turbines per Line → Cheaper! ▸ When Cable Failure Occurs ...
- 15. Cable Arrangement Transformer Station Cable Failure Disconnected Turbine ▸ More Turbines per Line → Cheaper! ▸ When Cable Failure Occurs → More Turbines Down! ▸ Design for Cost/Risk Optimum!
- 16. Transformer Station (ACAC) ▸ Lillgrund (Sweden) ▸ 7 km from Shore (= Near-Shore) ▸ 33 kV AC → 130 kV AC ▸ High Voltage → Less Losses ▸ 120 MVAr (Volt Ampere reactive) ▸ ‘120 MW’ Lillgrund
- 17. Transformer Station (ACDC) ▸ Merkur (Germany) ▸ 60 km from Shore (= Far-Shore) ▸ 33 kV AC → 320 kV DC ▸ Higer Voltage → Lesser Losses ▸ 800 MW ▸ 2 Stations Required (Expensive!) Dolwin Alpha Installation by Thialf (Herema) 60 km
- 18. Transformer Station Comparision ▸ HVAC station ● Low Transfomer Costs (1 Needed) ● High Transmission Costs ● Capped Transmission Length ▸ HVDC station ● High Transformer Costs (2 Needed) ● Low Transmission Costs ● Infinite Transmission Length ▸ Break-Even Distance ~100 km
- 19. High Voltage Cables (Transformer to Land) ▸ LXPE Cable (HVAC) ▸ ~130 kV ▸ 3 x 300-1000 mm2 ▸ HVDC Cable ▸ ~300+ kV ▸ 2 x 1000+ mm2
- 20. Land Connection ▸ Connection to Grid ▸ Voltage Needs to Accord ▸ Holland ● Main Line 380 kV ● 4 HV Connection Points
- 21. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ What are the Maximum Power Losses in this System? ▸ Lillgrund (Sweden) ▸ 48 x Siemens SWT 2.3-93 (110 MW, 33 kV) ▸ 10 km from Land Connection (380 kV)
- 22. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ AC connection ● Transformer losses (5% per transformer) ● Resistive Losses ● Capacitive Losses
- 23. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ AC connection ● Transformer losses (5% per transformer) ● Resistive Losses ● Capacitive Losses 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss
- 24. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ ACAC station (Transformer) 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss Pel=η⋅Pturbine Pel=0.95⋅110=105MW Pel=Vinflow⋅Iinflow=V outflow⋅Ioutflow 1.05⋅108 =3.3⋅104 ⋅Iinflow>Iinflow=3182 A Vinflow⋅Iinflow=V outflow⋅Ioutflow 3.3⋅104 ⋅3182=1.3⋅105 ⋅Ioutflow>Ioutflow=808 A
- 25. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ XPLE Cable ● Resistive Losses ● Capacitive Losses ● V=130 kV ● A=808 A 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss
- 26. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ XPLE Cable ● Resistive Losses ● Capacitive Losses ● V=130 kV ● A=808 A 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss
- 27. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ XPLE Cable (Resistive Losses) 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss PΩ=RAC⋅I2 PΩ=Ohmic Losses[W /m] RAC=AC Resistance[Ω/m] I=Current[ A]
- 28. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ XPLE Cable (Resistive Losses) 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss PΩ=RAC⋅I2 PΩ= 0.0405 3 ⋅808 2 PΩ=8813W /km Presistive=PΩ⋅Lcable=79.3kW
- 29. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ XPLE Cable (Capacitive Losses) 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss Wd=2⋅π⋅f⋅C⋅V 2 ⋅tan(δ) Wd=Dielectriclosses[W /m] f =Frequency[Hz] C=CableCapacitance[F/m] V =Voltage[V ] tan(δ)=Dissipation Factor[ii]=3⋅10−4
- 30. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ XPLE Cable (Capacitive Losses) 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss Wd=2⋅π⋅f⋅C⋅V 2 ⋅tan(δ) Wd=2⋅π⋅50⋅(0.37⋅10−9 )⋅(1.3⋅105 )2 ⋅3⋅10−4 Wd=589W /km Pcapacitive=W d⋅Lcable=5,3kW
- 31. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ XPLE Cable (Capacitive Losses) 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss Pland=Pel−Presistive−Pcapacitive=113.9MW
- 32. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ XPLE Cable (Capacitive Losses) 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss Pland =Pel−Presistive−Pcapacitive=109.9 MW
- 33. Example: ACAC Connection ▸ ACAC Station (Transformer) 48x Turbine 110 MW 33 kV 50 hz ACAC Station 33kV > 130 kV 50 hz 5% loss XPLE cable 9 km ACAC Station 130kV > 380 kV 50 hz 5% loss Pnet =η⋅Pland Pnet=0.95⋅109.9=104.4 MW
- 34. ACDC Connection ▸ Very Similar to ACAC Connection ▸ 1 Positive Carrier for DC Instead of 3 for AC ▸ No Capacitive Losses
- 35. Homework ▸ Design the turbine layout for your park (slide 5 till 11) ▸ Design cable Pattern (slide 13 till 15) ▸ Decide AC or DC cable transmission (slide 16 till 18) ▸ Estimate your total tranmission losses (slide 19 till 34)
- 36. Thank you!