This document summarizes mixed odontogenic tumors, which contain both odontogenic epithelium and ectomesenchyme. It discusses three main types: ameloblastic fibroma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, and odontomas. Ameloblastic fibroma contains odontogenic epithelium and spindled mesenchyme that may resemble dental papilla. It typically occurs in young patients and presents as a painless swelling. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is characterized by epithelial duct-like structures and inductive changes in the connective tissue. It has a predilection for the anterior jaws. Odontomas are hamartomas containing fully formed dental tissues. They are the most
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
ORN is an inflammatory condition of bone that occurs after the bone has been exposed to therapeutic doses of radiation usually given for a malignancies.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
ORN is an inflammatory condition of bone that occurs after the bone has been exposed to therapeutic doses of radiation usually given for a malignancies.
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Odontogenic tumors are growths that develop in the jawbones or soft tissues of the mouth, arising from the tissues that form teeth. These tumors can be benign or malignant and vary widely in their presentation and behavior. Benign tumors include ameloblastoma, odontoma, and cementoblastoma, while malignant tumors include ameloblastic carcinoma and odontogenic sarcoma. Treatment typically involves surgical removal, and prognosis depends on the type and stage of the tumor.
Odontogenic tumors v / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Benig tumors of jaw/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Cementoblastoma is defined as a neoplasm characterized by formation of sheets of cementum like tissue containing a large number of reversal lines and lack of mineralization at the periphery of the mass or in the more active growth area. Locally aggressive resulting in bony expansion, root resorption, displacement of adjacent teeth, and jaw deformity.
BENIGN ODONTOGENIC TUMORS OF MAXILLOFACIAL REGION/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
1. Odontogenic tumors III
Mixed odontogenic tumors
By:Prof Dr.:Nadia Lotyf
Odontogenic epithelium with odontogenic ectomesenchyme with or without
dental hard tissue formation
In this group of odontogenic tumor, both epithelium and mesenchymal
components are neoplastic. These include:
1- Ameloblastic fibroma and Ameloblastic fibro-odontomas.
2- Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.
3- Odontoms
1-Ameloblastic fibroma
Both the epithelium and mesenchyme are part of the tumor.
Clinical Feature
Age: It is considered a tumor of childhood and adolescence as it occurs in the first and second
decades of life.
Sex: A slight male predilection has been noted.
Site: The most common location for the tumor is the posterior mandible, followed by the
posterior maxilla.
O Patients often present with painless swelling of the jaw and the lesion may affect the
normal eruption of teeth in the area.
O An impacted tooth may be associated with the tumor in most of the cases.
O Small lesions are asymptomatic and detected on routine dental radiographs
Radiographic Feature
O Unilocular to multilocular radiolucency with well-defined radiopaque margin
O Often associated with an unerupted tooth
Microscopic Feature:
Ameloblastic fibroma is composed of 2 main elements :
1- Connective tissue background:
Looks like dental papilla, composed of spindled and angular cells with little collagen.
2- The epithelial component
Is made up of thin cords or small nests of odontogenic epithelium. Larger nests may
show a central area of stellate reticulum.
Juxta epithelium hyalinization may be found.
The tumor may be surrounded by fibrous capsule.
2. Differential Diagnosis
• Ameloblastoma
• Dentigerous cyst
• Odontogenic keratocyst
• Odontogenic myxoma
• Central giant cell granuloma
Treatment:
O Surgical excision.
O The recurrence rate is low.
O The possibility of malignant transformation of ameloblastic fibroma into
ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is well documented.
Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma
It is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor regarded as the malignant counterpart of
ameloblastic fibroma or arises de novo.
It is characterized by a benign epithelial component within a malignant fibrous stroma.
It is rapidly progressive, and fatal.
It is found in the posterior mandible.
Age: 26-year . Males
Histopathologic Feature
1- Benign epithelial component looks like that of ameloblastic fibroma.
2- Mesenchymal component which showed areas exhibiting stellate-shaped cells. These
cells which exhibit pleomorphism with hyperchromatic nuclei and mitotic activity.
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, represents a hamartoma.
Some investigators believe that ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is an immature complex
odontoma.
Clinical Feature
3.
Age: in children ear10 y
Site: posterior regions of the jaws (mandible= maxilla).
It is asymptomatic and detected when radiograph is taken to determine reason for
failure of tooth to erupt.
Radiographic Feature
This tumor shows radiographic similarities with ameloblastic fibroma, with variable degree
of radiopacities (calcified martials).
Radiopacity may appear as:
1. Multiple small radiopacity or
2. Solid mass.
Un unerupted, tooth is present at the margin of the tumor.
Histopathologic Feature
It consists of
1- Soft tissue component: Identical to ameloblastic fibroma.
2- Calcifying component: Consists of foci of enamel and dentin.
It has little chance of recurrence or malignant transformation.
2-Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor
It is a mixed odontogenic tumor characterized by:
epithelium with duct like structure
Varying degrees of inductive change in the connective tissue ,so it may produce
dentinoids
Despite of its name it has no glandular element
Represents less than 10% of odontogenic tumors
It was considered as a type of ameloblastoma, yet its biologic behavior allows for distinction
from ameloblastoma.
Clinical Feature
• Age: young patients, most of the cases are diagnosed in the second decade.
• Site: It has a predilection for the anterior region of the jaws and is found twice as often in
the maxilla than in the mandible.
•Sex: Females are affected about twice as often as males.
4. Most adenomatoid odontogenic tumors are small, rarely exceeding 3 cm in diameter.
Asymptomatic and may produces expansion of alveolar bone .
rarely occurs in the gingiva (peripheral)
• May produce root divergence of adjacent teeth
Radiographic Feature
• The lesion appears as well defined, unilocular radiolucency, often adjacent to crown of
unerupted, tooth (usually a canine)
• Opaque foci may be scattered within the radiolucency giving a “snowflake” or “salt and
pepper” pattern.
Snow flake
Microscopic Feature
The tumor is composed of spindle-shaped epithelial cells that form sheets, strands, or
whorled masses of cells in a few fibrous stroma.
Tubular or duct-like structures are characteristic for the adenomatoid odontogenic
tumor, which consists of a central space surrounded by a layer of columnar or
cuboidal epithelial cells whose nuclei exhibit reverse polarization .
duct-like structures
Whorled spindleshaped epithelial cells
Convoluted bands: A whorled mass of columnar cells with a thin layer of
homogenous eosinophilic material between two rows of columnar cells.
5. Convoluted bands
foci of calcification
Small foci of calcification are found throughout the tumor representing dentin ,
cement or enamel which is due to inductive influence of the epithelium on connective
tissue
Tumor may be solid or cystic i.e, the tumor develops in the wall of a cyst.
The tumor is surrounded by thick fibrous capsule.
Differential Diagnosis
Dentigerous cyst
Odontogenic keratocyst
Calcifying odontogenic cyst.
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
Treatment
As the lesion is encapsulated, it separates easily from the surrounding bone. So, enucleation
is curative.
3-Odontomas
These lesions are accepted as hamartomas.
Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors. It is equal to all other
odontogenic tumors combined.
Odontomas are defined as: A developmental malformation that contains fully formed enamel ,
dentine , cementum and pulp.
Odontomas present centrally within the jaws in one of two forms:
Compound odontomas:
In which multiple small tooth like structures exist.
Complex odontomas:
In which irregular masses of dentin and enamel are present with no anatomic resemblance to
a tooth.
Clinical feature
tooth like structures
Compound odontoma
6. •
•
•
•
•
•
Age: It is found in children and young adolescents in whom dental development is
still taking place.
Small lesions is asymptomatic and discovered incidentally
Large lesions presented as jaw expansion
Usually associated with retained primary tooth.
Site: Compound odontomas are predominantly seen in the anterior maxilla.
Complex odontomas are typically seen in the posterior maxilla or mandible.
Radiographic feature
Early stage: well defined radiolucent with radiopaque foci and surrounded by radiopaque
rim.
usually associated with an impacted tooth
Mature stage : appears radiopaque with radiolucent rim
O
O
Compound odontomes, consists of a large number of denticles in which the dental
tissues are arranged in a normal pattern. (Looks like a bag of teeth).
Complex odontomes, there is progressive formation of radiopaque mass of a nodular
nature
Compound
odontoma
Complex odontoma
Histopathologic feature
Early stage
similar to that of an ameloblastic fibroma
Later,
hard tissue formation start to develop:
In compound odontome
Consists of a number of denticles in a fibrous tissue .
The denticles are made of regular enamel dentine, cementum & pulp arranged as in normal
teeth
7. In complex odontome
Consists of a mass of irregularly arranged but well formed enamel , dentine , cementum &
pulp
Dentine forms the bulk of the lesion , enamel that is well calcified appears as empty spaces ,
while cementum is often present at the periphery of the mass
Differential diagnosis :
complex odontomas are similar to
1. focal sclerosing osteomyelitis
2. osteoma
3. periapical cemental dysplasia
4. ossifying fibroma
5. cementomas
Treatment
• Conservative excision/curettage
Prognosis
• Excellent