This document discusses various aspects of waterproofing buildings, including: 1. It defines waterproofing as forming an impervious barrier to prevent water penetration through foundations, roofs, walls, and other structures. 2. It explains the need for waterproofing structures to provide moisture control, a safer foundation, healthier indoor environment by preventing mold/mildew, and eliminating insect growth. 3. It describes common waterproofing methods like cementitious, liquid membrane, bituminous membrane and coating, and polyurethane liquid membrane. It also discusses materials used and types available in the market.

1. WATER PROOFING
A passion for making
things better.
November’19

2. 2
Content
1. What is water proofing.
2. Why Water proof structure need.
3. Types of Water proofing method of building.
4. Material used for water proofing.
5. Type of material available in market.
6. Damp proofing.
7. Damp proof course in plinth.
8. Causes and Precautions for wall dampness

3. Water proofing
Waterproofing in buildings is the formation of an impervious
barrier over surfaces of foundations, roofs, walls and other
structural members of building to prevent water penetrations
through these surfaces.
 Building water-proofing is a process which is
designed to prevent water from penetrating a
building.
 Usually extensive waterproofing measures are
added to a building at the time of construction, to
provide moisture control from the start .
 Waterproofing may also be done after a building is
built, to address problems as they emerge or as part
of a building retrofit.
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4. Why Water proof structure are
needed?
1.Construction waterproofing.
 In building construction, a structure needs waterproofing since concrete itself will not be watertight on its own (but note
concrete is easily waterproofed with additives).
 The conventional system of waterproofing involves 'membranes'. This relies on the application of one or more layers of
membrane (available in various materials: e.g. Bitumen, silicate, PVC, EPDM etc.) that act as a barrier between the water
and the building structure, preventing the passage of water
2.A safer foundation.
 Exposure to weather conditions like heavy rain and sunlight could cause structural problems. If wooded decks etc. is not
properly waterproofed, we can notice discoloration, water stain, rotting and fungi growth.
 Walls not properly waterproofed will give in hydrostatic pressure creating cracks and leaks on walls and floors.
3.Healthier environment.
 Humidity and moisture is what moulds and mildew want. Mould and mildew could cause respiratory problems like asthma
and also trigger allergic reactions. There is no way to remove these fungi’s spores inside the house, the only thing that
could remove such growth would be to control moisture. •
 Moulds do not only grow on walls or areas where there are moisture issues. It could grow on anything like wood, carpet
and even food. By reducing humidity, preventing condensation and water seepage, mould and mildew growth could be
decreased.
4.Eliminate insect growth.
 There are various kinds of insects, water bugs, cockroaches, beetles, and critters that find heaven in damp areas. Wet
basements are ideal for wood boring insects like termites to reproduce.
 These insects could cause damage not only to the foundation but also to important things stored in the room.
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5. Types of Water proofing
method of building.
The following waterproofing methods are commonly used
in construction:
 Cementitious Waterproofing
 Liquid Waterproofing Membrane
 Bituminous Membrane
 Bituminous Coating
 Polyurethane Liquid Membrane
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6. Cementitious
Waterproofing
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 Cementitious waterproofing is the easiest method of waterproofing in
construction. The materials for cementitious waterproofing is easily
available from suppliers of masonry products, and they’re easy to
mix and apply.
 This method is often used in the internal wet areas such as toilets.
This method is usually a rigid or semi-flexible type waterproofing, but
since it is used in internal areas such as toilets, it is not exposed to
sunlight and weathering. Thus cementitious waterproofing does not
go through contract and expansion process.
 Applications of Cementitious Waterproofing
 Cementitious waterproofing is used in the following type of
structures:
 Water Treatment Plants
 Sewage Treatment Plants
 Bridges
 Dams
 Railway & Subway Systems
 Marine Cargo Ports & Docks
 River Locks/Channels & Concrete Dykes
 Parking Structures & Lots
 Tunnels

7. Liquid Waterproofing
Membrane
 Liquid membrane is a thin coating which consists of
usually a primer coat and two coats of top coats which
are applied by spray, roller, or trowel. It offers more
flexibility than the cementitious types of waterproofing.
 The liquid cures into a rubbery coating on the wall. The
elongation properties of the coating can reach as high
as 280%. The durability of the waterproofing coating
depends on what type of polymer the manufacturer use
for the making of the liquid waterproofing.
 Liquid waterproofing membrane can be of spray-applied
liquid membrane composed of polymer-modified
asphalt. Polyurethane liquid membranes in separate
grades for trowel, roller, or spray are also available from
various manufacturers.
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8. Bituminous coating
 Bituminous coating is a type of coating used for
waterproofing and flexible protective coat in accordance
with its formulation and polymerization grade. Its
flexibility and protection against water can be influenced
by the polymer grade as well as reinforcement of fibber.
 Bituminous coating is also called as asphalt coating. The
most common applications of bituminous coatings
include areas that are beneath screed wet. It is an
excellent protective coating and waterproofing agent,
especially on surfaces such as concrete foundations.
 Bituminous coating is made of bitumen based materials
and it is not suitable for expose to sunlight. It becomes
very brittle and fragile when long exposure to the sunlight
unless it is modified with more flexible material such as
polyurethane or acrylic based polymers.
 The flexibility of the finished products always depends on
the solid content of the polymer added to the bitumen.
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9. Bituminous
Membrane
 Bituminous membrane waterproofing is a popular
method used for low-sloped roofs due to their
proven performance. Bituminous waterproofing
membrane have torch on membrane and self-
adhesive membrane.
 Self-adhesive compounds comprise asphalt,
polymers and filler; additionally, certain resins and
oils may be added to improve adhesion
characteristics. The self-adhesive type has low
shelf life as bonding properties of the membrane
reduces with time.
 Torch on membrane have exposed and covered
types. Exposed membrane often has mineral
granular aggregate to withstand the wear and tear
of the weathering and the other types of membrane,
contractor need to apply one protective screed to
prevent the puncture of the membrane.
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10. Polyurethane
Liquid Membrane
 Polyurethane liquid membrane method of
waterproofing is used for the flat roof area and
exposed to weathering. This waterproofing method
is expensive.
 Polyurethane Liquid Membrane can offer higher
flexibility. Polyurethane is very sensitive to moisture
content present, therefore before application, one
has to be very careful evaluating the moisture
content of the concrete slab, otherwise peeling or
de-bonding of membranes may happen after some
time.
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11. Material used for water
proofing
 Cement : Ordinary Portland cement is used for all
waterproofing works.
 Sand : Clean river sand should be used for
waterproofing work. If muddy, the sand should be
washed before use.
 Metal : Hard angular metal of sizes varying from 12mm
to 20mm is used for water-proofing works.
 Brick bat: Brick bats should be well burnt pieces of
bricks having proper thickness. Under burnt or over
burnt brick bats should not be used for water-proofing
work.
 Water-proofing chemical powder : A number chemicals
and water-proofing compounds in powder form are
available in the market. Some chemicals include
1- tar/bitumen based compounds
2- inorganic compounds with little percentage of
chlorides and sulphate.
3-acrylic based compounds.
4-epoxy resins.
5-silicones.
6-polysulphides and polyurethanes
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12. Type of material available in
market.
Water Proofing Chemicals
 Bitumen - Mixed with a filler component such as
limestone or sand. Polymers are added to the bitumen
such as APP (a tactic polypropylene) a plastic additive
that gives rigidity and tear resistance, or SBS (styrene
butadiene styrene) a rubber additive that gives more
elastic benefits.
 Base Products - Polyester, fiber glass, rag fiber
(hessian), and paper. These products are bought in roll
format and are pulled through the bitumen mixes on
huge rollers. The base product becomes saturated in
huge tanks by the tar like bitumen substance, creating
rolls of waterproof material.
Water proofing Membranes
 Waterproofing membrane systems include both negative
and positive side waterproofing.
 Positive side waterproofing systems are applied to the face
of the element that is directly exposed to moisture, the
exterior face.
 Negative side waterproofing systems are applied to the
surface of the element opposite the surface exposed to
moisture.
 Positive systems are available in numerous materials and
forms. Negative systems are limited to cementitious
systems.
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13. Water Proofing membranes
classification:
There are four type of water proofing
membrane:
 Cementitious Systems
 Sheet-Membrane Systems
 Fluid Applied Systems
 Bentonite Clays
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14. Cementitious
Systems
 These systems contain Portland cement with and
sand combined with an active waterproofing agent.
 These systems include metallic, crystalline,
chemical additive and acrylic modified systems.
 These systems can be applied as negative or
positive side waterproofing.
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15. Sheet-Membrane
Systems
 Sheet membranes used in below grade applications
are similar to the materials used in roofing
applications and include thermoplastics, vulcanized
rubbers and rubberized asphalts.
 The thickness of these systems varies from 20 to
120 mils.
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16. Fluid Applied Systems
 These systems include urethanes, rubbers, plastics
and modified asphalts.
 Fluid membranes are applied as a liquid and cure to
form one monolithic seamless sheet.
 Fluid systems can be applied to vertical and
horizontal applications.
 For foundation wall applications typical fluid applied
systems are 60 mils in thickness.
 Bentonite Clays—Natural clay systems, known as
bentonite
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17. Bentonite Clays
 Natural clay systems, known as bentonite act as
waterproofing by swelling when exposed to moisture
thus becoming impervious to water.
 This swelling can be 10 to 15 percent of the thickness
of the base material.
 Clay panels and sheets are popular for use in blind-
side waterproofing applications such as on retaining
earth systems and elevator and sump pits
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18. Damp proofing
 Dampness is the seepage of water through the
members of the building.
 There is very little difference between leakage and
dampness.
 If the water comes out of slab of the bathroom/toilet,
it is termed as leakage and if it is observed on
external walls of the building directly exposed to
rains and floors, then this percolation is termed as
dampness.
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19. Damp proof course in
plinth
 Foundation masonry is always in contact with the sub
soil , which sometimes may contain water.
 The subsoil water tries to enter the building through the
walls/floor.
 Due to capillary action, the subsoil water sometimes
rises into the walls of the building against gravity and
indicates dampness.
 Generally , foundation masonry is done with UCR
masonry and at the plinth level ,DPC is provided to
prevent capillary water of the sub soil water.
 The rich cement concrete, generally of M20 grade with
water proofing compound added to it can be used as
DPC in buildings.
 Tar is also applied below DPC to prevent the entry
through capillary action.
 Above the DPC, regular masonry for super structure is
done.
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20. Causes and Precautions
for wall dampness
 If the foundation masonry is directly exposed to
subsoil, water may enter the building through the
walls.
 For this it is ensured that pointing or plastering the
exposed walls is done to restrict the direct contact of
sub soil water with masonry.
 No hollow spaces should remain in the masonry as
these are the routes for water to enter.
 For the junctions of RCC and masonry, chicken mesh
should be used for plastering.
 Dampness is also observed on the ceiling in the form
of patches. This is due to stagnant water on the
terrace or some organic matter dumped on the
terrace.
 During execution of the terrace, a proper slope should
be given so that water doesn't accumulate in any
place.
 The terrace must be kept clean during rainy seasons
to prevent continuous dampness.
 The terrace slab must be cast carefully so that it
attains density and impermeability.
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21. 21

22. Our Service Provider
M/S VERMA TRADERS
Service Provider of terrace waterproofing service building water
proofing service & raincoat waterproofing service
Agra, Uttar Pradesh.
Experts Solution in:-
1. Terrace Waterproofing Service
2. Raincoat Waterproofing Service
3. Damp Waterproofing Service
4. Building Waterproofing Service
5. Roof Waterproofing Service
Contact detail:
Manoj verma
Mob. 8171818171
22

23. THANK
YOU!
Siddhant Verma
Phone
9634851982
Email
Siddhu1827@gmail.com
Submitted to :
M.L Gupta,(H.O.D )
Ramakant Garg &
Amit Kumar .