The document discusses several ways humans interact with and impact the ocean through fishing, shipping, tourism, mining, and how the ocean functions as a climate buffer and producer of oxygen. Fishing supplies 16% of the world's protein but can lead to overfishing. Shipping transports cargo globally but also causes pollution and introduces invasive species. Tourism provides income but damages habitats. Mining extracts resources but destroys ecosystems. The ocean regulates climate and produces much of the planet's oxygen through phytoplankton.

2. Fishing Shipping Oxygen Production
Ocean Resources
Tourism Climate Buffer Mining

3. Fishing
Fish supply about 16% of
the world’s protein.
Methods – nets,
trawlers, longlining,
gillnetting, diving

4. Fishing
Gillnetting
Longlining
Trawling

5. Fishing
60% of fish are used to
feed people
40 % are used food for
fish on fish farms and
other fish in captivity
and fish oil

6. Fishing – Our Impact
Over fishing – we have caught too many fish
We need to determine the “carrying capacity” of the
ocean – how many of each type of fish should there be?
We need to develop sustainable fishing practices –
fisheries are limited in how many fish and what size of
fish they can catch
Habitat destruction
Pollution

7. Shipping
“moving cargo with
ships between seaports”
Ships used include:
Tankers
Container ships
Cable layers
Ferries
Car carriers
Barges

8. Shipping
Should be low impact
but…
Accidents happen
Pollution from ships –
air and water
Organisms are carried
to new habitats in
ballast water and
introduced into new
habitats
Ships can hit animals

9. Tourism
Provides a great deal of
income world wide – in
the use $478 billion
Problems:
Construction of resorts
destroys habitat
Pollution (sewage)
Activities destroy
habitats
Overexploitation of
local seafood

10. Mining
Provides – diamonds,
gold, silver, and
manganese
Destroys ecosystems –
sediments are dredged
up, killing animals living
in it and interferes with
photoplankton

11. Climate Buffer
The ocean holds and circulates water and heat.
The ocean and atmosphere interact to produce
weather – the air gets heat and moisture from the
oceans
Air temperatures worldwide are regulated by the
circulation of heat by the oceans

12. Oxygen Production
Phytoplankton provide as much as 90% of the world’s
oxygen –
Some is dissolved into the ocean water
Some goes into the atmosphere