The document discusses the differences between static and non-static (or dynamic) variables and methods in object-oriented programming. Static variables and methods belong to the class as a whole rather than individual objects. They can be accessed directly via the class name without needing an instance. In contrast, non-static or instance variables and methods are dependent on object instances and belong to each object separately. The document provides examples to demonstrate proper and improper uses of static, concluding that static is not always appropriate for object-oriented design goals since it does not model real-world entities as independently behaving objects.