Object-oriented concepts involve modeling real-world entities as objects that have states (attributes) and behaviors (operations). An object is an instance of a class, which defines common properties and behaviors. The object-oriented approach focuses on objects that encapsulate both data and functions, in contrast to the procedural approach which focuses on standalone procedures and shares all data. Some benefits of the object-oriented approach include being easier to develop and understand, and better mapping to real-world problems.

1. Object Oriented Concepts Sarfaraz M Manik

2. Content Overview Procedural Approach Vs Object Oriented Approach. Object and Class Object Identification using CRC Encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphism Composition Properties and Constructor Interface Abstract Class and Methods

3. What is Object-Orientation? A Technique for System Modeling Model: A model is an abstraction of something. It helps us to understand an aspect of reality. Examples: Highway Map, Architectural Models, Mechanical Models.

5. John Object Oriented Model Car Tree House lives in drives

6. What is an Object? An object is: Something tangible (e.g. John, Car) Something that can be apprehended intellectually (e.g. DOB, time, account)

7. What is an Object? An object has: State (attributes) Behavior (operations) Unique Identity

8. Example: John is a tangible object State (attributes) Name Age Behavior (operations) Eats Drives Unique Identity Name

9. Example-1: Date is a tangible object State (attributes) Name Age Behavior (operations) Eats Drives Unique Identity Name

10. Example-2: Car is a tangible object State (attributes) Model Color Behavior (operations) Accelerate Change Gear Unique Identity Registration Number

11. Example-3: Time is an object intellectually apprehended State (attributes) Hours Minutes Seconds Behavior (operations) Get hours, Get minutes, Get seconds Set hours, Set minutes, Set seconds Unique Identity Lunch Time or Study Time

12. Another Example: “ … customers are allowed to have different types of bank accounts , deposit money , withdraw money and transfer money between accounts ”

13. Procedural vs. Object-Oriented Procedural Withdraw, deposit, transfer Object Oriented Customer, money, account

14. Procedural Approach Focus is on procedures All data is shared: no protection More difficult to modify Hard to manage complexity

15. Advantages of Object Orientation People think in terms of object OO models map to reality OO models are: Easy to develop Easy to understand.

16. Objects and Classes Classes reflect concepts, objects reflect instances that embody those concepts. girl class object Daria Jane Brittany Jodie

17. Objects and Classes Classes are templates based on which objects are created. For e.g. Book is a class but a particular book like Programming with C# is an object of the book class.

18. Conclusion OO = encapsulation + inheritance modularity -- autonomous entities, cooperation through exchanges of messages deferred commitment -- the internal workings of an object can be redefined without changing other parts of the system reusability -- refining classes through inheritance naturalness -- object-oriented analysis/design, modeling