Power refers to the ability to influence others and achieve intended results or decisions. There are different types of power sources including formal power derived from one's position or role, and personal power stemming from expertise or respect. When power is exercised, people may respond with resistance, obedience, compliance, conformity, or commitment. Effective power tactics can include rational persuasion using logical arguments, inspiration appealing to values, or consultation involving the other party in decision making.

1. POWER

2. • Power is one of the means to influence others for
getting results. Influence process occurs in a
particular way when it is attempted by the use of
power.
• Power is used not only in getting certain result
achieved but also includes negative decisions or
the action of non decisions.
• Power is not the act of changing the other persons
attitudes or behaviour, it is only the potential to do
so.

3. • Power is one of the essential components of
practically every organization.
• Power refers to a capacity that has to influence
the behaviour of B so B acts in according with ‘A’
s wishes.

4. POWER RELATION SHIPS

5. • Power variable is a relational one .
• The possible responses to the user of power may
vary along the continuum.
Resistance Obedience Compliance Conformity Commitment

6. • Resistance:
The largest person on whom the power is
exercised may resist the influence and may not
behave in accordance to influencers wishes.
The attempt of influence may be threated by the
person
Obedience
The person may succumb to influence though he
would rather not.
when people are forced to behave against their
wishes it is referred to as obedience.

7. • Compliance:
the person may comply with the desire of the
influencer.
compliance refers to a persons acceptance of influence
because he is expected to be a rewarded for responding
to a request or punished for not responding to it.
Conformity
The person may conform to the influencer’s desire
Conformity refers to acceptance of influence because
people desire to be in mainstream

8. • Commitment
The person may shows commitment to the
desire of the influencer.
This is the most desirable outcome when the use
of power as there is enthusiastic release of energy
and talent to satisfy the influences request

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF
POWER

10. Characteristics of power
There is no relation ship between the power exercised
by an individual and the position or the role he holds
sometimes higher level people may have no power and
sometimes lower level people may exert more power.
Those who are in power would like to get more they
resist any attempt which tries to weaken the hold of
power.
An individual cannot have power at all times at times
he may have to give up this power if there is a failure in
performance.

11. Chara power cont………
people who are able to with stand and cope
with uncertainly in organizations have more
power.
people who use power do not want others to
know of it unless it is legitimate power.

12. Two faces of power
There are two types of power
1. Negative power
The negative face of power is usually expressed in terms of
dominance submission transactions.
It mean “if I win you lose”
Having power implies having power over some one else who
does not have it.

13. 2) Positive power
The positive face of power is shown by a concern
for group goals by helping to formulate and achieve
them.
It involves exerting influence on behalf of rather
than over others.
Leaders who exercise this power positively
encourage their subordinate to develop their competence
to succeed.

14. TYPES OF POWER

15. Types of power…
1) Formal power.
2) Personal power.
1) FORMAL POWER
formal power is based on an individuals position in
an organization.
it can come from the ability to coerce or reward or
from formal authority.

16. • There are 3 types of formal power.
a) Coercive power.
The coercive power base depends on fear of the
negative results.
It rests on the application or the threat of
application of physical function such as the infliction of
pain, frustration through restriction of movement.
b) Reward power.
 The opposite of the coercive power is reward power
 It produces positive benefits.

17. Conti……
 Some one who can distribute rewards others view as
valuable will have power over them.
 These rewards can be either financial such as
controlling pay rates, raises and bonuses.
c) Legitimate power.
 It represent the formal authority to control and
organizational resources based on structural position
in the organization.
 It includes members acceptance of the authority of a
position.

18. • 2) PERSONAL POWER
It comes from an individual’s unique characteristics
There are two basis of personal power expertise and
respect and admiration of others.
There are two types of personal power.
a) Expert power.
It influence as result of expertise special skills or
knowledge.
This power is based on the famous proverb ‘knowledge
is power’.
Computer specialist tax accountants, economist, and
other specialist power as a result of their expertise.

19. • b) Referent Power.
It based on identification with a person who has
desirable resources or personal trails.
This power develops out of admiration of another
and a desire to be like that person.

20. POWER TACTICS

21. Power tactics….
1) Legitimacies
Relaying on your authority position or saying a
request accords with organizational policies or rules.
2) Rational persuasion
presenting logical arguments and factual evidence
to demonstrate a request is reasonable.
3) Inspirational appeals
Developing emotional commitment by appealing
to a targets values needs hopes and aspirations.

22. • Power tactics cont…..
4) Consultation
increasing the targets support by involving him or
her in deciding how you will accomplish your plan.
5) Exchange
Rewarding the target with benefits or favours in
exchange for following a request.
6) Personal appeals
Asking for compliance or loyalty.
7) Pressure
Using warnings, repeated demands and threats.

23. • Power tactics cont…..
8) Ingratiation
Using flattery, praise or friendly behaviour prior to
making a request.
9) Coalitions
Enlisting the aid or support of others to persuade
the target to persuade the target to agree.