This document contains definitions and key points related to obstetrics nursing. It defines terms like impending delivery, Ritgen's maneuver, fundal height, hemorrhage and infection checks postpartum. It also outlines stages of labor like cervical dilation, placental delivery, and lochia checks post-fourth stage. Other topics covered include sexual intercourse during pregnancy, HCG function, fluid retention causes, oxytocin production, and vitamin K dosage for full and preterm infants. Fundal pressure techniques and dangers are also defined.

1. DIPPING – descending but not at ischial spine
OB NURSING BULLETS IMPENDING DELIVERY – increase in bloody
show, rectal pressure, rupture of membranes, regular
and long contractions
RITGEN’S MANEUVER at crowning
FUNDAL HEIGHT AT UMBILICUS at 20 weeks
or 5 months gestation
Sexual intercourse OK anytime during pregnancy except for: HEMORRHAGE AND INFECTION – most
(+) PROM, pre-term labor, incompetent cervix and (+) important to check 24 postpartum
vaginal spotting COMPLETE CERVICAL DILATATION –
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN termination of first stage of labor
(HCG) – responsible for a positive pregnancy test PLACENTAL DELIVERY – end of third stage of
FLUID RETENTION caused by elevated estrogen labor
and progesterone and also fatigue VITAMIN K – 1.0 mg for full terms, 0.5 mg for pre-
OXYTOCIN – produced by posterior pituitary gland terms
for uterine contractions CLINIC VISITS 12 TO 24 MONTHS – monthly
FUNDAL PRESSURE – aids in placental delivery if ROOMING IN – for maternal-infant bonding
mother is anesthetized
HCG PRIMARY FUNCTION – maintain corpus
GLOBULAR – uterus in 3rd stage of labor luteum during 1st trimester
CORD TRACTION AND FUNDAL PRESSURE DODERLEIN’S BACULLUS – maintains acidic
DANGER – inversion of uterus and avulsion of cord vaginal pH
AFTERCARE post PLACENTA DELIVERY – BTL – no lifting activities post surgery
comfort, dry clothing, perineal pads and linens
BSE SCHED – 5-7 days post menstruation
CHECK 4TH STAGE OF LABOR q15 – lochia,
MAMMOGRAPHY – dx of breast CA; yearly for 40s,
fundus, hematoma
biannual for 50y above
AVOID SEX if cervical mucus is clear and elastic (for
RADICAL MASTECTOMY – removal of breast/s,
contraception)
pectoral muscle, pectoral fascia, nodes
INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER – for low sperm
VITAL SIGNS – most important 2 h postpartum
count
IUD INSERTION – done during menstrual days 1-4
IN-VITRO – for tubal occlusion
OVULATION PERIOD – 24-48 hours pre-ovulation
ANOVULATION – tx of Clomid or Parlodel
to 48 hours post ovulation
CERVICAL CAP – (-) spermicide pre-intercourse, can
OCPs – prevent ovulation
stay up to 24-48h, durable, contraindicated if with
abnormal pap smear CLOMID – stimulates oogenesis
IUD doesn’t protect against STDs LIGHTENING - decrease in fundal height due to a
change in shape of the abdomen a few weeks before
PROFUSE BLOOD LOSS – saturation of peripad
onset of labor
within 15 minutes and with pain sensation
HOME VISIT – for continuity of care
DISTENDED BLADDER inhibits uterine
contraction with increased risk of blood loss ABORTION – loss of fetus before viability (20 weeks)
FOR IMPENDING HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK INEVITABLE ABORTION – with dilated cervix
massage fundus if boggy, elevate legs from hips, IV line, THREATENED ABORTION – closed cervix,
oxygen at 8-10 l/min, stay with patient spotting and uterine cramping
PRE- LM – void HABITUAL ABORTION – consecutive abortions
FHR – priority post rupture of membranes THREATENED ABORTION – complete bed rest,
FHR FREQUENCY – beginning to beginning check vaginal bleeding and observe uterine contractions
ENDOMETRIOSIS – growth of endometrial tissue OVULATION – 14 days before menstruation (for a
outside the uterus; dx: lap and biopsy 28 day cycle); increased pH of cervical secretions, (+)
MITTLESCHMERZ; increase in BBT
DANOCRINE – menses stop, edema, weight gain,
anovulation PROLIFERATIVE – LH surge from anterior
pituitary gland
BBT – drop 0.2 F pre ovulation, increase 0.4 F post
ovulation AGE OF VIABILITY – at 5th month or 20-24 weeks
MOST ACCURATE BBT READING – OSSIFICATION OF BONES – at 10th lunar month
immediately after awakening and before arising FHT – Doppler at 3 weeks, fetoscope at 18-20 weeks
STRIAE GRAVIDARUM – abdominal stretches MC DONALD’S RULE – fundic ht in cm x 8/7 =
aog
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2. PRENATAL CHECKUPS – 1-7 mo once a month, TETANIC CONTRACTIONS – brought about by
8th mo 2/month, 9th q wk the overstimulation by oxytocin
PREGNANCY AS A MATURATIONAL CRISIS – DYSTOCIA – due to mechanical factors
due to hormonal and physiological changes occurring POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE – greater than
PROM – prone to infections 500 ml of blood loss
TAKING HOLD PHASE – focus is the infant CORTEX OF OVARIES – where developing
POST PARTUM BLUES – 4-5 days post partum follicles and the graafian follicles are found
ZYGOTE – cell that results from the fertilization of LABIA MINORA – forms the frenulum and prepuce
the ovum by a sperm of the clitoris
MITOSIS – cell division of the fertilized ovum FOURCHETTE – formed by the labia minora
OVULATION – rupture of the ovum from the tapering and extending posteriorly
graafian follicle RUGAE – thick folds of membranous stratified
MORULA – mulberry-like ball of cell that results from epithelium on the internal vaginal wall capable of
cleavage stretching during the birth process to accommodate
FUNDUS – where zygote normally implants delivery of fetus
IMPLANTATION – 7-10 days post fertilization EXTERNAL OS – location where squamocolumnar
junction is, pap smear location
EFFACEMENT – cervix becomes thinner
MYOMETRIUM – largest portion of uterus
GDM – carbohydrate intolerance induced by
pregnancy CORPUS – upper triangular portion of uterus
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF GDM – morbidity LH – testosterone production
common in newborn, infant may inherit a predisposing ESTROGEN – secreted by graafian follicle associated
to DM, higher perinatal death with spinnbarkeit and ferning
GDM NURSING INTERVENTIONS – liberal AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE – cystic fibrosis, tay-
exercise, acceptable diet at 30-35 kcal/kg of IDBW/day, sach’s disease, sickle-cell anemia
insulin as ordered, CBG monitoring CHORIONIC VILLI SAMPLING – detects trisomy
GLUCOSE – 18.02 mg/dl = 1 mmol 21, cystic fibrosis and tay sach’s
BREAST ENGORGEMENT – doesn’t last for MATERNAL AGE – indication for chorionic villi
greater than 24 hours sampling
MEFENAMIC ACID – anti-inflammatory RHOGAM – essential post-CVS or RH (-) mom;
PASSAGEWAY – structure of maternal pelvis refrain from sex 48h post-CVS
NITRAZINE PAPER TEST – urine vs. amniotic NEEDLE INSERTION SITE – most important
fluid; yellow vs blue factor affecting amniocentesis
PROM – check temperature MORNING AFTER PILL – prevent implantation of
the fertilized ovum; taken within 12h post-intercourse,
NONPREGNANT UTERUS – lined by
(+) slight nausea post-2d; not given to those with hx
endometrium
contraindications to OCPs
VULVA – externally visible structure of the female
COMBINED OCPs – inhibit FSH and LH
reproductive system extending from the symphysis
production
pubis to the perineum
ESTROGEN – causes sodium retention
AMPULLA – fertilization site
PARITY – indication for IUD use
ISTHMUS – site of sterilization
HX OF PRETERM LABOR – contraindication for
VAS DEFERENS – conduit for spermatozoa
IUD use
EJACULATORY DUCT – seminal fluid
HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAM – done 2-6 days after
LEYDIG’S CELLS – synthesize testosterone menses
PROGESTERONE – increased activity of COVADE’S SYNDROME – way in which an
endometrial glands during luteal phase; increased basal expectant father can explore his feelings
metabolism, increased placental growth, development
RhOGAM – should be administered within 72h;
of acinar cells in the breast
destroys fetal RBCs to prevent antibody formation
ROUND LIGAMENT – (+) hypertrophy during
LEUPROLIDE – tx for endometriosis
pregnancy
AMPICILLIN – safest antibiotic for pyelonephritis
SPERM MOTILITY – best criterion for sperm
quality HYPOTONIC DYSTOCIA – monitor contractions
HYSTEROSAPINGOGRAPHY – introduction of MAGNESIUM TOXICITY – first sign is
radiopaque material into uterus and fallopian tubes to disappearance of knee-jerk reflex
assess for tubal patency IUD SIDE EFFECT – excessive menstrual flow
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3. IUD COMMON PROBLEM – spontaneous TX FOR FLUID RETENTION - adequate fluids
expulsion of device and elevation of lower extremities
IUD – provides contraception by setting up a non- FULL BLADDER – pre UTZ
specific inflammatory cell reaction in the endometrium NORMAL AMNIOTIC FLUID – clear, almost
OVULATION – occurs when LH is high colorless, containing little white specks
OCPs – causes breakthrough bleeding RESTRICT MOVEMENT – when an external fetal
POST COITAL TEST – best timed within 1-2 days monitor is being used
of presumed ovulation EARLY DECELERATION – FHT decreases just
TUBAL DEFECTS – are most often related to past before acme due to head compression
infections LATE DECELERATION – FHT decreases just
INFERTILITY – inability to become pregnant after a after acme caused by uteroplacental insufficiency; may
year of trying lead to distress
SIMS HUHNER (POST COITAL TEST) – VARIABLE DECELARATION – due to cord
determine the number, motility and activity of sperm compression
HYATIDIFORM MOLE – be alert for unusual LOCATION OF FUNDUS AFTER
uterine enlargement PLACENTAL DELIVERY – halfway between the
ECTOPIC PREGNANCIES – sudden lower right or symphysis pubis and the umbilicus
left abdominal pain radiating to the shoulders SLOW DEEP BREATHING – alleviates discomfort
TUBAL RUPTURE – sudden knifelike, lower during contractions
quadrant pain PANTING – during crowning
GERM PLASMA DEFECTS – causes most OCCIPUT POSTERIOR – causes low back pain
spontaneous abortions APPLICATION OF BACK PRESSURE – during
INCOMPLETE ABORTION – fetus is expelled but contractions to increase comfort
part of the placenta and membranes are not NPO – during second stage of labor because
FUNIS – umbilical cord undigested food and fluid may cause nausea and
AMNION – inner membrane that encloses the fluid vomiting, limiting the choice of anesthesia
medium for the embryo TRANSITIONAL PHASE – help client
FETUS – 8th week to birth retain/remain in control
12th WEEK – uterus becomes an abdominal organ POSITIONING DURING DELIVERY – legs
QUICKENING – first fetal movement felt by the elevated simultaneously to prevent trauma to the
mother uterine ligaments
GREATEST WEIGHT GAIN – in third trimester; UTERINE TETANY – observe carefully for this
2nd trimester: height and length during the induction of labor
PLACENTA – chief source of estrogen and PUSH WITH GLOTTIS OPEN – when fully
progesterone after the first 3 months dilated but (-) crowning
DUCTUS VENOSUS – has the highest oxygen EPISIOTOMY is done to prevent lacerations
content PUERPERAL INFECTIONS – 2 most important
DIAGONAL CONJUGATE – A-P diameter of predisposing factors to its development is hemorrhage
pelvic inlet and trauma during birth
BLOOD VOLUME INCREASE – 30-50% is PROLACTIN - stimulates secretion of milk from the
normal mammary glands
CHADWICK’S SX – purplish discoloration of vaginal SITZ BATH – promotes vasodilation, relieves
mucosa hemorrhoids
PHYSIOLOGIC ANEMIA – result of increased INFANT FEEDING – on demand; baby will soon
plasma volume of the mother develop a feeding schedule
CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN – causes nausea CLOSURE OF FORAMEN OVALE – after birth is
and vomiting caused by an increase in the pulmonary blood flow
PITUITARY GLAND – increase in melanotropin DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS – becomes the ligamentum
hormone causing dark nipples and linea nigra arteriosum
RH DETERMINATION - routinely performed on HEART RATE – primary critical observation in apgar
expectant mothers to predict whether the fetus is at scoring
risk for acute hemolytic anemia MECONIUM CHECK Q SHIFT – to keep limit
LEUKORRHEA – caused by elevated estrogen development of hyperbilirubinemia
ASSYMETRICAL MORO REFLEX – associated
with brachial plexus, cervical or humerus injuries
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4. STERILE INFANT INTESTINES – lack bacteria NEONATAL MORBIDITY - with low apgar score
necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin at 5 minutes post delivery
PKU SCREENING – measures protein metabolism HIV/AIDS INFANT – microcephalic, craniofacial
NORMAL REGURGITATION – in infants is features, persistent diarrhea
caused by an underdeveloped cardiac sphincter CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS – purulent
AMNIOCENTESIS – done to detect presence of conjunctivitis and pneumonia in infant
neural tube defects RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA – caused by high
PREMATURITY – contraindication for oxytocin oxygen concentration administered in premature
challenge test infants
UTEROPLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY – (+) SYPHILIS – asymptomatic newborn, VDRL test
CST HIP DYSPLASIA – asymmetric gluteal folds
PREGNANT ADOLESCENT – emphasize ERB’S PALSY – complication of breech delivery;
importance of consistent care flaccid arm with elbows extended; ROM exercises
PERINATAL MORTALITY – is 2-3 times greater in PRECIPITATE DELIVERY – increased risk for
multiple gestation than in single gestation intracranial hemorrhage and elevated ICP
HYPOTONIC UTERINE DYSTOCIA – is PATHOLOGIC JAUNDICE – appearance of
oftentimes caused by multiple gestation jaundice during the first 24 hours
PYELONEPHRITIS – observe for signs of PTL; DECREASED INFANT GFR – inability of the
antibiotic tx should be administered until urine is infant to concentrate urine and conserve water
sterile—2 (-) C/S RESPIRATORY DISTRESS – most common
CONCEALED HEMORRHAGE – causes preterm complication
abdominal pain associated with abruption placenta INFANT HYPOGLYCEMIA SX - tremors, periods
DIC/HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA – causes of apnea, cyanosis and poor sucking
bleeding following sever abruptio placenta LARGER DM NEWBORNS – due to increased
ABRUPTIO PLACENTA – is most likely to occur in somatotropin and increased glucose utilization
women with pregnancy induced hypertension UTERINE AND OVARIAN ARTERIES – main
PLACENTA PREVIA – painless vaginal bleeding blood supply of the uterus
PAIN MEDS – are kept at minimum during PTL to ENDOMETRIOSIS – is characterized by painful
prevent respiratory depression menstruation and backache
ATONY OF THE UTERUS – due to overstretching RETROCOELE – is brought about by overstretching
is commonly caused by multiple gestation of perineal supporting tissues as a result of childbirth
OVERDISTENED BLADDER/HYDRAMNIOS COLUMNOSQUAMOUS JUNCTION OF THE
– may cause uterine atony INTERNALAND EXTERNAL OS – common site
POSTPARTAL HEMORRHAGE – rarely occurs as of cervical CA growth
a complication of uncomplicated gestational DIETHYLSTILBESTROL – management for
hypertension infertility
PIH – BP elevation of 30/15 mmHg from baseline on RADIUM REACTION – pain and elevated
2 occasions 6 hours apart temperature
EPIGASTRIC PAIN – subjective symptom of an DOXORUBICIN – inhibits RNA synthesis by
impending seizure binding DNA
ROLLING OF EYES TO ONE SIDE WITH A ESTROGEN RECEPTOR PROTEIN (ERP) –
FIXED STATE – objective sign of an impending evaluates potential response to hormone therapy
seizure BILATERAL OOPHORECTOMY – surgical
DANGER OF SEIZURE – ends in 48h postpartum menopause
in a woman with eclampsia CESSATION OF MENSES – is due to the inability
CORD COMPRESSION - birth hazard associated of the ovary to respond to gonadotropic hormone
with breech delivery BARTHOLOMEW’S RULE – via location of
GRAVIDOCARDIAC PT - cardiac acceleration in fundus
the last half of pregnancy; most compromised during HAASE’S RUELE – first 5 months: month2 = aog;
the first 48 hours after delivery; forceps delivery second half: month x 5 = aog
GDM DIET – balanced, to meet the increased dietary NAGELE’S RULE – LMP minus 3m +7d + 1y =
needs with insulin adjusted as necessary EDC
RENAL AGENESIS - funis with only two vessels DECIDUA BASALIS – placenta
DRUG WITHDRAWAL IN INFANT - irritability
and nasal congestion
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