2. CONDITIONS RELATED TO
URINARY OUTPUT
Polyuria: Urine output is more than 3 L/day.
Nocturia: Excessive urine excretion at night.
Dysuria: Burning sensation during micturition.
Enuresis:Involuntarypassage of urine at night or during sleep. It is also called
bed wetting.
Oliguria: The urine output is less than 500 mL/day.
Anuria: Not passing urine or less than 50 mL/day.
3. OBSTRUCTIVE URINARY DISORDERS
Hydronephrosis: These conditions are obstruction in normal urine flow in the
urinary tract. When urine flow is obstructed, the urine back flows into the
kidney and causes swelling of the renal pelvis and calyces and the condition is
called hydronephrosis.
Renal caliculi: These are renal stones which develop by crystallization of
calcium and other mineral. Stones develop in the renal pelvis or in the calyces
4. INFECTIONS OFTHE URINARY TRACT
Urethritis: This is inflammation of the urethra, and more common in males as
compared to females. This results from gonococcal infection.
Cystitis: This is the inflammation of the urinary bladder which usually occurs
after the infection of the urethra, when the bacteria enter from the urethra into
the bladder.
5. KIDNEY FAILURE
Kidney or renal failure is the failure of the kidney to form urine.
In renal failure, there is reduction of urine formation (oliguria)
and increased concentration of the nitrogenous waste in the
blood which can be accessed by the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
test.
6. APPLICATION AND IMPLICATION IN NURSING
The goal of treating patients with renal function impairment in the nursing
setting is to correct or eliminate any reversible causes of renal function
impairment.
Assist by accurately measuring intake and output, including
all body fluids
monitoring vital signs, and
maintaining proper electrolyte balance.
7. Here are six nursing care plans (NCP) and nursing diagnosis
for patients with renal impairment
Excess fluid volume
Risk for decreased cardiac output (amount of blood pumped in one minute)
Risk for imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements
Risk for infection
Risk for deficient fluid volume
Deficient knowledge
8. INTERVENTION
Accurately record intake and output (I&O)
Weigh daily at same time of day, on same scale, with same equipment and
clothing.
Assess skin, face, dependent areas for edema. Evaluate degree of edema
Monitor heart rate (HR), blood pressure, jugular vein distension (large
veins run down the side of neck)
Perform urine analysis
Insert indwelling catheter, as indicated.
Prepare for dialysis as indicated.