This document contains definitions and examples of various parts of speech and grammatical terms in the Indonesian language, including: - Noun types (countable, uncountable, proper, common, abstract, concrete, collective) - Rules for making nouns plural - Noun substitutes such as noun clauses, gerunds, and infinitives - Examples are provided for each term to illustrate their meaning and usage. The document serves as a reference for different parts of speech and grammar concepts in Indonesian.

1. *
Denti Denita Putri
Janwari Farqi Saptio
Rusyda Nabila
Teknik Informatika 1B

2. Name
person
Place
Thing
Animal
Abstract
thing
*

3. Modifier
Noun
*

4. * Noun collaboration with part of speech
* Example : water + fall = WATERFALL
road + show = ROADSHOW
*

5. Subject of a sentence
Subject complement
Direct and indirect object
Object of preposition
*

6. * WHAT or WHO discussed in the sentence
* example: the very big school in this country
was built in 1980
*

7. *

8. * Direct object
* Can answer WHOM or
* Indirect object
* Can answer FOR WHOM
* Example:
* Example:
rizky teached math
my uncle donated his
salary to charity
WHAT
*
or FOR WHAT

9. * Preposition : in, at, during, about, into, since,etc
* Example :
* I don’t believe in zodiac
* yulia is really into Ninjutsu
*

10. Countable Noun is a noun that can be counted. The noun is
divided into two kinds, namely: Singular (singular noun can be
calculated) and Plural Countable (plural noun can be
calculated). In the plural, change the form of the noun
following the rules of regular (irregular pattern) or irregular
(irregular pattern).
*

11. * Countable
and uncountable: a countable noun that can be
counted (~ tomato tomatoes, man ~ men), on the contrary,
can not be counted uncountable (cheese, sugar).
* Proper
and common: proper noun is a specific classification
which use capital letters at the beginning letters (Jakarta,
Gramedia), while common in general (city, shop).
* Abstract
and concrete: an abstract noun that can not be
observed with the senses (love, romance). In contrast, the
concrete can be observed with the senses (book, fluorine).
* Collective:
to declare a group or collection name (class,
deer).
*

12. Examples
No.
Condition
Regular Rules
singular
plural
nouns ending in -o, and the
added the suffix -es
letter before vowel
tomato
tomatoes
potato
potatoes
noun ending:
-s,
-x,
-ch,
-sh,
-ss
gas
gases
box
boxes
added the suffix -es
punch
punches
dash
dashes
loss
losses
3.
nouns ending in -y and the
previous letter consonant
Suffix -y removed and
country
added the suffix -ies
4.
Syllable one noun (oneSuffix -f or -fe removed
syllable nouns) ending in -f
wife
then added the suffix -ves
or -fe
wives
5.
Other nouns
books
1.
2.
added the suffix -s
book
countries

13. *
Irregular Noun
singular
plural
Singular
plural
singular
plural
child
children
Mouse
mice
tooth
teeth

14. *
Uncountable noun is a noun that can not be calculated.
Uncountable or mass noun is mostly just have a singular form
(singular), but there are some who just have a plural form. If
you want to form the plural of a noun sense, then in the
plural it is measuring. Many mass noun formed from the
adjective derivation, derivation verb, noun or derivation.

15. *
Category
Example
food
noddle, meat, bread
liquid
coffee, milk, oil, honey
powder
grain, sugar, rice, fluor, salt

16. *
Some have uncountable plural form (plural) without singular
form (singular) even with the same meaning. Plural
uncountable can not be added determiner number. Example :
two pants.
Plural Uncountable Examples :
• arms, clothes, customs, glasses, goods, groceries, jeans,
pajamas, pants, scissors, spectacles, thanks, trousers.

17. *
Definition Common Noun
Common noun is a noun classification for person (people),
place (where), and the thing (object, thing, etc.) in general.
Nouns do not use capital letters at the beginning he said,
except if the word begins a sentence or the title of a post.
Common Noun example :
house, sandals, apartment, children, & town.

18. *
Definition Proper Noun
Proper noun is a noun categorization for the person (people),
place (where), and the thing (object) specifically. Nouns,
among others, are used to name the institution, organization,
day, month, nation, religion, and place. Proper always use a
capital letter at the beginning he said.
Proper Noun example:
Sea World, Mohammad Hatta, Bandung, Gramedia, and
Dagadu.

19. *
Abstract noun is a noun group that can be understood and
imagined but can not be observed by the senses. The five
senses include: see (see), touch (touched), smell (smelled),
hear (heard), and taste (tasted).
Abstract Noun example :
happiness, freedom, imagination, realist, feminism, hate,
love, sympathy, ideas, and romance.

20. *
Definition Concrete Noun
The opposite of abstract, concrete noun is a noun that can
be observed with the senses. Both countable noun (nouns that
can be counted) or uncountable noun (nouns that can not be
calculated) is part of a concrete noun.
Concrete Noun example :
sugar, bread, boy, ball, bag, car, cheese, building, wall, gold,
water, flour, & furniture.

21. Collective Noun Definition
Collective noun is a noun that is used to declare a group
name or group (consisting of more than one member). This
can be either a noun person (person), animal (animal), or
thing (object, abstract).

22. Collective Noun examples of various groups :
Group
group of people (orang)
Examples of Collective Noun
audience, army, class, committee,
couple, crew, gang, family, jury,
navy, police, senate, society, staff,
team

23. Noun subtitute is some construction functioning such as noun,some
example as follows :
* Noun clause
* Gerund
* Infinitive
*

24. *
Noun clause is a group of words functioning such as noun, this
clause can serve as the subject or object in a some clause or
other phrase. Because it serves as a noun , it can be replaced
with a pronoun
Example :
* I forgot the fact. (noun)
* I forgot it (pronoun)
* I forgot that the fact was very important (noun clause)

25. Noun clause proceded by noun clause markers a question word,
if or whether and that
*

26. Subject of a verb :
* What she cooked was delicious
* That today is his birthday is not right
Subject Complement / pelengkap :
* The fact is that she is smart and diligent
* A teacher must be whoever is patient
Object of a verb :
* Diana believes that her life will be happier
* I want to know how Einstein thought
Object of a preposition :
* The girl comes from where many people there live in poverty.
* He will attend the party with whichever fits to his body.
*

27. Gerund is some words formed from verb( noun ) with added
suffix (-ing) and serves as a noun . This words is verbal is a
word formed from the verb,but serves as another part of
speech. The more common word to name the action (the
action) or a state of being (state).
This words can be combined with a modifier or without
additional noun(s),pronoun(s), or noun phrase gerund phrase
formed, because serves as noun then there must be another
verb in a sentence.
*

28. * swimming
* walking
* playing
* building.
Example Of gerund sentences :
* I hate waiting.
* My bestfriend’s favorite activity is shopping.
*

29. This word usage should be avoided when there is noun relevant
based noun on the same.
Example :
* Your designs need some improving -> your designs need some
improvement.
* The activating may take up to five minutes -> the activation
may take up to five minute.
*

30. Infinitive is a verbal consisting of to and simple formed from verb
particle where can serves as noun,adjective or adverb. Infinitive be
accompanied by object(noun and pronoun),modifier, or object and
modifier(noun phrase) so that be infinitive phrase.
Example :
* To run
* To be
* To lunch
* To talk
Example of infinitive sentences
* I want to come tomorrow.
* The best time to talk with him is at night
*

31. * www.wordsmile.com
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