This document provides an overview of nouns, including the different types of nouns such as common nouns, proper nouns, countable nouns, collective nouns, material nouns, and abstract nouns. It discusses the key characteristics of nouns and how they are used grammatically, including their functions, cases, number and types. Some of the main points covered are the different ways nouns can be pluralized and the uses of nouns as subjects, objects, in possessive and other cases.

2. Topic Name
NOUN

3. Prepared by:
Ali Sher
Asif Javed
Muhammad Javed Iqbal
Muhammad Arshad

4. What is Noun?
A noun is the name of person,
place, thing or an
idea.

5. Nouns
A noun is
a place,
a thing,
or an idea.
a person,

6. Kinds of noun
Following are some kinds of nouns:
A concrete noun is the name of thing or
person that can be touched or seen.
Table ,Father ,Lahore etc.
Concrete noun
Example

7. Division of Concrete noun
Concrete noun is further divided into two kinds.
A proper noun is the name of some particular person,
place or thing.
Proper noun
Personal names
Keats, Ali, Asia
Geographical names
Pakistan, Punjab, England
Example

8. Division of Concrete noun
Name of Things
Names of places
Lahore, Karachi, Vehari
Names of months
May, Friday, Spring
Plastic Jug, Revolving Chair
White board marker

9. Common noun
A common noun is name of common person, place, or
a thing.
Names of places
Village,City,Country,Park
Names of Persons
Man,Woman,boy,girl
Examples

10. Common noun
A common noun is name of common person, place, or
a thing.
Examples
Name of Things
Jug,Marker,chair

11. Division of Common noun
Common noun are further divided into two kinds.
Countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
And

12. Countable and uncountable nouns nouns
Count Nouns
Uncountable Nouns
are nouns that you can count.
are nouns that you cannot count.
one chair two chairs
water money

13. Countable nouns
A countable noun is the name of thing or person that
can be counted or divided into singular or plural.
A girl, a boy, a goat, a pencil,
a book, a class, an army
SeeMore
Examples

14. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end with a consonant, add s.
one Chair two Chair

15. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
For most nouns that end with a vowel, add s.
one bee two bees
(Nouns that end in o are exceptions. See the next two
slides.)

16. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
For most nouns that end in o, add s.
one piano two
(See the next slide for exceptions.)
pianos

17. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
For some nouns that end in o, add es.
one potato a lot of potatoes

18. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end in a consonant and y, the y becomes
ies.
one lady five first ladies

19. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end with a vowel and y, add s.
one monkey two monkeys

20. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end in fe, change the fe to v and add
s.
one knife three knives

21. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end in sh, ch, x, s, z, add es.
one dress three dresses

22. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
Some plural forms are the same as the singular form.
one sheep two sheep

23. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
Some words have no singular form.
scissors
glasses
shorts
To count these nouns, you need to use a pair of, two
pairs of, etc.

24. Countable Nouns
How do you make a singular count noun plural?
Some nouns have an
irregular plural.
mouse tooth
mice
teeth
foot
feet

25. Uncountable nouns
Uncountable nouns are those nouns which cannot be
counted.
Stars,hair,sands,milk, wool,
oxygen, flour, wheat, air etc.
SeeMore
Examples

26. Uncountable nouns
There are a lot of different kinds of Uncountable nouns. Below are
some examples.
Types of Uncountable Nouns Examples
No Distinct Parts milk coffee water
Parts That Are Small rice sugar grass
Categories mail furniture money
Abstractions love advice education
Sports/Recreation soccer chess baseball
Fields of Study grammar music law
Medical Conditions arthritis cancer flu
Note – Uncountable nouns take singular verbs.
Grammar is useful.

27. Collective noun
A collective noun is the name of a group of beings of
things regarded as a whole:
Seemore
Examples
Forest,Army,Jury,Class,Crowd
,Police
Example

28. A goose
A flock of geese

29. One hedgehog
A prickle of hedgehogs

30. An elephant
A herd of elephants

31. A bloat of Hippopotami
One Hippopotamus

32. Abstract noun
An abstract noun is the name of an idea ,state ,quality
or feeling:
It cannot be touched.
It cannot be seen.
Love, happiness ,bravery ,joy ,darkness
,honesty , hate etc.
Example

33. Animate nouns
Refer to a person, animal, or other creature;
(man, elephant, chicken...)
Animate nouns

34. Inanimate noun
Refers to a material object;
(stone, wood, table...)
An inanimate noun

35. Compound nouns
These are nouns which are made by combining two or
more items linked with or without a hyphen as;
Breads and butter, Father-in-law, Sidetable,Coffeecups,
Teaspoon, Everyone, Classroom, Timetable, homework etc.
Examples

36. Material noun
A material noun is a word for a material, a substance, or an ingredient that
other things are made from.
• Brass, calcium ,cement ,cocoa, concrete, cotton,
eggs,gold,iron
Examples

37. Gender
There are three kinds of gender:
Masculine gender show the name of male persons or animals for
instance men, boy, cock, fox,bull,dog
NeuterFeminineMasculine
Masculine

38. Gender
Feminine gender points out female persons or animals as
women, girl, hen, vixen,cow,bitch,bird,queen
Neuter gender denotes the name of things that have neither
masculine nor feminine gender but belong to both sexes as;
Baby, , student,teacher,goat,crow, Player etc.
Feminine
Neuter

39. Note
It may be noted that vehicles, countries are
regarded as feminine gender. She is used for
them as pronoun. Things known as a symbol
of beauty as moon, cuckoo and cars are
feminine.,

40. Gender in people
Boy, girl; son, daughter; husband, wife;
man, woman; father, mother; uncle,
aunt; nephew niece; etc.

41. Gender in animals
Bull, cow; duck, drake; ram, awe; cock, hen;
stage, deer; dog, bitch; tiger, tigress; lion,
lioness etc.

42. Number in Nouns
Countable nouns have two numbers as singular and plural. A
noun which denotes one or a single person, place or thing is
known as singular.
Similarly
A noun that denotes more than one person, place, or thing
is a plural noun.

43. Change of Noun
Regular Plural Nouns:
The plural of nouns is usually formed by
adding ‘s’ to a singular noun is called a regular
plural noun as
Lamp/lamps, flower/flowers, cat/cats etc.
 Noun ending in ‘y’ preceded by a vowel letter,
their plurals by adding ‘s’.
day/days, toy/toys, valley/valleys etc.

44.  If nouns end in ‘s’, ‘x’, ‘z’, ‘o’, ‘ch’, and ‘sh’ they
form the plural by adding ‘es’ as
moss/mosses, box/boxes/ buzz/buzzes,
potato/potatoes, dish/dishes, lunch/lunches
arch/arches, mango/mangoes etc.

45. Irregular Plural Nouns
Irregular plural nouns are nouns that when they
change from singular form to plural, their spelling
changes in a different way as in mouse and mice.
For example:
 Nouns ending in ‘y’ preceded by a consonant are
formed into a plural by changing ‘y’ to ‘ies’ as
lady/ladies, city/cities, baby/babies,
 If ‘y’ preceded by a vowel then only ‘s’ added for
plural as
day/days, clay/clays, gray/grays etc.

46. There are some nouns that form the plurals
differently. Some nouns change their vowels in
the middle of the singular form when forming
the plural as
goose/geese, foot/feet, man/men etc.
if a noun end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ then we add ‘ves’ for
plural as
Wife/wives, thief/thieves, knife/knives etc.
 several nouns form the plural by adding the
letters ‘en’ as
Ox/oxen, child/children, man/women etc.

47. There are some nouns which are the same in
singular and plural as
Deer/deer, sheep/sheep, fish/fish

48. Function of Noun
Function
Nominative Possessive Dative Apposition

49. Nominative case
when a noun is used as a subject of verb it is used
to be in the Nominative case.
Noun can work as the subject of a verb :
For example.
Ali arrived.
Ali noun as a subject of verb
Arrived verb
Definition

50. Accusative Case
When noun is used as the object of a verb, it is
said to be Accusative case.
For example,
I saw Ali.
Ali Noun as the object of verb(saw)
Definition

51. Possessive or genitive Case
It shows ownership or possession OR
It also shows authorship ,origin or kind etc.
For example:
This is Ali’s book.
Ali’s book noun as a possessive case.
Definition

52. Dative Case
Definition
It is an indirect object of verb that’s why it
is said to be Dative case.
For example:
Javed gave Ali a book.
She gave the postman a letter.
Ali and the postman is an indirect object of the
verb(gave)

53. Dative Case

54. Apposition Case
When one noun follows another to describe it, the
noun which follows is said to b Apposition noun.
Yesterday, I met your uncle the doctor.
The doctor is the Apposition of Uncle.
My brother Ali is a nice man.
Ali is the apposition of brother.
Definition
For example

55. Noun as the complement of
verb
When a noun works as the complement of a
verb, it is called complement of verb.
Ali is a teacher.
Asif is a singer
teacher noun as a complement of verb.
singer noun as a complement of verb.

56. Noun as the Object of
Preposition
Noun can work as the object of preposition.
For example,
I spoke to Ali.
Ali noun as the object of a preposition(to)

57. Gerund as noun
Gerund can also be used as a noun of verb in
the form of subject.
For example,
Hunting tiger is a favorite sport in this country.
Gerund noun as a subject of verb.

58. Gerund noun as the object of verb
Gerund can also be used in the form of noun as
an object of verb.
For example,
I like reading poetry.
Gerund noun as an object of verb (like).

59. Infinitive as noun
Infinitive noun as the subject of verb
Infinitive in the form of noun can also be used as a
subject of verb.
For example.
To work hard is the key of success.
Infinitive in the form of noun used as the subject of
verb (is)

60. Infinitive noun as the object of verb:
Infinitive in form of noun can be used as an object
of verb.
,
Birds love to sing.
Infinitive in the form of noun used as an object of verb(love).
For example

61. Questions Sessions