This document provides a radiographic overview of normal dental anatomy. It describes the appearance of teeth, roots, supporting structures like the lamina dura and periodontal ligament space. It also outlines maxillary and mandibular landmarks like the nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, mandibular canal and other radiopaque features. The document concludes by describing the radiographic appearance of various dental restorative materials and appliances.

1. 7th semester
Radiology
Normal anatomy
By Dr Gihan Omar 1Dr Gihan Omar

2. A, Enamel; B, Dentin; and C, Cemento-
enamel junction. 2Dr Gihan Omar

3. The pulp cavity
3Dr Gihan Omar

4. Teeth are composed of pulp (arrow on the second molar),
enamel (arrow on the first molar), dentin (arrow on the
second premolar), and cementum (usually not visible
radiographically). 4Dr Gihan Omar

5. A developing root shown by a divergent apex, around the
dental papilla (arrow), which is enclosed by an opaque bony
crypt. 5Dr Gihan Omar

6. A developing root
6Dr Gihan Omar

7. Hypercementosis of the roots of a mandibular molar
may occurs in Paget’s disease.
7Dr Gihan Omar

8. Lamina dura
8Dr Gihan Omar

9. Periodontal membrane space
9Dr Gihan Omar

10. Alveolar crest is pointed at the anterior teeth.
10Dr Gihan Omar

11. Alveolar crest is flattened at the posterior
teeth and parallel to the cemento-enamel
junction of adjacent teeth.
11Dr Gihan Omar

12. Intermaxillary suture (arrows) appears as a radiolucency in
the midline of the maxilla surrounded by two radiopaque
borders. 12Dr Gihan Omar

13. The anterior nasal spine is seen as an opaque V-
shaped projection from the floor of the nasal fossa
in the midline (arrow). 13Dr Gihan Omar

14. The nasal septum appears as a radiopaque partition
that divides the nasal cavity.
14Dr Gihan Omar

15. The anterior floor of the nasal fossa (arrows)
appears as opaque lines extending laterally from the
anterior nasal spine. 15Dr Gihan Omar

16. The inferior nasal conchae appear as diffuse radiopacities
within the nasal cavity. 16Dr Gihan Omar

17. The incisive foramen appears radiolucent.
17Dr Gihan Omar

18. The superior foramina of the incisive canal appear as small
rounded radiolucency above the root apices of the maxillary
central incisors. 18Dr Gihan Omar

19. Lateral fossa is a diffuse radiolucency (arrows) in the region
of the apex of the lateral incisor. It is formed by a depression
in the maxilla at this location.
19Dr Gihan Omar

20. The soft tissue outline of the nose (arrows) is
superimposed on the anterior maxilla.
20Dr Gihan Omar

21. The nasolacimal canals are commonly seen as ovoid
radiolucencies (arrow) on maxillary occlusal projections.
21Dr Gihan Omar

22. The naso-lacrimal canals (arrow) is occasionally seen near
the apex of the canine when steep vertical angulation is used.
Note the mesiodens (supernumerary tooth) superior to the
central incisor. 22Dr Gihan Omar

23. The inverted Y appears as a radiopaque upside-
down Y. 23Dr Gihan Omar

24. The maxillary sinus inferior border.
24Dr Gihan Omar

25. Septa within the maxillary sinus appear as radiopaque lines.
25Dr Gihan Omar

26. The zygomatic process of the maxilla (arrows) extends
posteriorly from the inferior portion of the zygomatic process
of the maxilla. 26Dr Gihan Omar

27. The maxillary tuberosity appears as a radiopaque bulge
distal to third molar region.
27Dr Gihan Omar

28. Pterygoid plates (arrows) located posterior to the
maxillary tuberosity.
28Dr Gihan Omar

29. Mandibular symphysis (arrows) in a newborn infant. Note the
bilateral supernumerary primary incisors adjacent to it.
29Dr Gihan Omar

30. Genial tubercles (arrow) on the lingual surface of the
mandible in this cross-sectional mandibular
occlusal view. 30Dr Gihan Omar

31. The mental ridge appears as a radiopaque band in the
premolar and incisor region.
31Dr Gihan Omar

32. The mental fossa appears as a radiolucent area above the
mental ridge. 32Dr Gihan Omar

33. The mental foramen (arrow, over the apex of the second
premolar) may simulate periapical disease. Continuity of the
lamina dura around the apex, however, indicates the absence
of periapical abnormality.
33Dr Gihan Omar

34. The mylohoid ridge appears as a radiopaque band
or line above the submandibular gland fossa.
34Dr Gihan Omar

35. Mandibular canal (arrows), radiopaque superior and
inferior cortical border.
35Dr Gihan Omar

36. Submandibular gland fossa (arrows) indicated by a poorly
defined radiolucency and sparse trabecular bone below the
mandibular molars.
36Dr Gihan Omar

37. The external oblique ridge appears as a radiopaque
band. 37Dr Gihan Omar

38. The inferior border of the mandible (arrows) is seen as a
dense, broad radiopaque band.
38Dr Gihan Omar

39. Left, the coronoid process appears as a triangular-shaped
radiopacity. Right, superimposition of the coronoid process
on the tuberosity area resemble root fragment (white arrow).
39Dr Gihan Omar

40. Amalgam restoration appears completely radiopaque
(arrows). 40Dr Gihan Omar

41. Stainless steel pins (arrows) provide retention for amalgam
restoration. 41Dr Gihan Omar

42. A cast gold crown, appearing completely radiopaque (arrow),
serves as the terminal abutment of a bridge.
42Dr Gihan Omar

43. Gutta-percha (arrows) is a radiopaque rubber-like material
used in endodontic therapy.
43Dr Gihan Omar

44. Silver points (arrow) were used to fill the root canals in this
patient. 44Dr Gihan Omar

45. Porcelain appears radiolucent (arrow) over a coping.
45Dr Gihan Omar

46. Composite restorations containing particles of barium glass
are radiopaque and net likely to be confused with caries.
46Dr Gihan Omar

47. Orthodontic appliances have a characteristic radiopaque
appearance.
47Dr Gihan Omar

48. 48Dr Gihan Omar