Minimum Complexity Decoupling Networks for Arbitrary Coupled LoadsDing Nie
Presented on 7/8/2014, at 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI 2014), Memphis, TN
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald from the University of Notre Dame developed new bandwidth bounds for coupled loads that are applicable to MIMO communication systems. Electromagnetic coupling between antennas can benefit bandwidth. They define a power reflection ratio to measure matching for coupled loads and derive a bound on bandwidth in terms of the poles and zeros of the load's scattering matrix. Applying the bound, they show that coupling can maximize bandwidth at around a quarter wavelength spacing for dipole antennas. Broadband matching networks are needed to achieve the bounds for coupled antenna designs.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on multipath fading channels for mobile communication systems. It discusses various topics related to multipath fading including shadowing (slow fading), fast fading channels, mathematical models, and probability models. Specific topics covered include the lognormal distribution of shadowing, the two ray model, modeling the wireless channel as a black box, an introduction to fast fading, and Doppler shift. References several papers on topics like fading channels, narrowband land mobile channels, and the WSSUS channel model.
A clustering protocol using multiple chainambitlick
This document proposes two schemes for clustering protocols based on chain routing in wireless sensor networks. It then describes in detail the Chain Routing Based on Coordinates-oriented Clustering Strategy (CRBCC) protocol. CRBCC forms balanced clusters based on node coordinates, constructs intra-cluster chains using simulated annealing, elects chain leaders, and then constructs an inter-cluster chain among leaders also using simulated annealing. Simulation results show CRBCC performs better than PEGASIS in terms of energy efficiency and network delay.
This document describes a proposed algorithm for progressive texture synthesis on 3D surfaces that is optimized for bandwidth-constrained applications. It uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) to decompose textures into multi-resolution coefficients that are then prioritized for progressive transmission based on importance. This allows textures to be incrementally reconstructed at the receiver based on available bandwidth. Experimental results demonstrate the approach synthesizing textures on a 3D bunny model at increasing levels of detail. The algorithm aims to improve on previous work by making texture representation and encoding more seamless and embedded for adaptive streaming applications.
This document summarizes previous work on comparing the network costs of different interconnection network topologies. It discusses mesh, hexagonal mesh, honeycomb mesh, torus, hexagonal torus, and honeycomb torus networks. Previous studies have calculated the degree, diameter, number of nodes, and network cost (defined as the product of degree and diameter) for each network as the number of nodes or network dimension increases. This paper aims to compare the network costs of the Spidergon and Honeycomb Torus networks based on these parameters.
Decreasing of quantity of radiation de fects inijcsa
Recently we introduced an approach to increase sharpness of diffusion-junction and implanted-junction
heterorectifiers. The heterorectifiers could by single and as a part of heterobipolar transistors. However
manufacturing p-n-junctions by ion implantation leads to generation of radiation defects in materials of
heterostructure. In this paper we introduce an approach to use an overlayer and optimization of annealing
of radiation defects to decrease quantity of radiation defects.
Minimum Complexity Decoupling Networks for Arbitrary Coupled LoadsDing Nie
Presented on 7/8/2014, at 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI 2014), Memphis, TN
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald from the University of Notre Dame developed new bandwidth bounds for coupled loads that are applicable to MIMO communication systems. Electromagnetic coupling between antennas can benefit bandwidth. They define a power reflection ratio to measure matching for coupled loads and derive a bound on bandwidth in terms of the poles and zeros of the load's scattering matrix. Applying the bound, they show that coupling can maximize bandwidth at around a quarter wavelength spacing for dipole antennas. Broadband matching networks are needed to achieve the bounds for coupled antenna designs.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on multipath fading channels for mobile communication systems. It discusses various topics related to multipath fading including shadowing (slow fading), fast fading channels, mathematical models, and probability models. Specific topics covered include the lognormal distribution of shadowing, the two ray model, modeling the wireless channel as a black box, an introduction to fast fading, and Doppler shift. References several papers on topics like fading channels, narrowband land mobile channels, and the WSSUS channel model.
A clustering protocol using multiple chainambitlick
This document proposes two schemes for clustering protocols based on chain routing in wireless sensor networks. It then describes in detail the Chain Routing Based on Coordinates-oriented Clustering Strategy (CRBCC) protocol. CRBCC forms balanced clusters based on node coordinates, constructs intra-cluster chains using simulated annealing, elects chain leaders, and then constructs an inter-cluster chain among leaders also using simulated annealing. Simulation results show CRBCC performs better than PEGASIS in terms of energy efficiency and network delay.
This document describes a proposed algorithm for progressive texture synthesis on 3D surfaces that is optimized for bandwidth-constrained applications. It uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) to decompose textures into multi-resolution coefficients that are then prioritized for progressive transmission based on importance. This allows textures to be incrementally reconstructed at the receiver based on available bandwidth. Experimental results demonstrate the approach synthesizing textures on a 3D bunny model at increasing levels of detail. The algorithm aims to improve on previous work by making texture representation and encoding more seamless and embedded for adaptive streaming applications.
This document summarizes previous work on comparing the network costs of different interconnection network topologies. It discusses mesh, hexagonal mesh, honeycomb mesh, torus, hexagonal torus, and honeycomb torus networks. Previous studies have calculated the degree, diameter, number of nodes, and network cost (defined as the product of degree and diameter) for each network as the number of nodes or network dimension increases. This paper aims to compare the network costs of the Spidergon and Honeycomb Torus networks based on these parameters.
Decreasing of quantity of radiation de fects inijcsa
Recently we introduced an approach to increase sharpness of diffusion-junction and implanted-junction
heterorectifiers. The heterorectifiers could by single and as a part of heterobipolar transistors. However
manufacturing p-n-junctions by ion implantation leads to generation of radiation defects in materials of
heterostructure. In this paper we introduce an approach to use an overlayer and optimization of annealing
of radiation defects to decrease quantity of radiation defects.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
NEURAL NETWORKS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE TIME-DELAY ESTIMATION AND ACOUSTIC SOURC...csandit
Time-delay estimation is an essential building block of many signal processing applications.This paper follows up on earlier work for acoustic source localization and time delay estimation
using pattern recognition techniques in the adverse environment such as reverberant rooms or underwater; it presents unprecedented high performance results obtained with supervised training of neural networks which challenge the state of the art and compares its performance to that of well-known methods such as the Generalized Cross-Correlation or Adaptive Eigenvalue Decomposition.
Iterative Soft Decision Based Complex K-best MIMO DecoderCSCJournals
This paper presents an iterative soft decision based complex multiple input multiple output (MIMO) decoding algorithm, which reduces the complexity of Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. We develop a novel iterative complex K-best decoder exploiting the techniques of lattice reduction for 8×8 MIMO. Besides list size, a new adjustable variable has been introduced in order to control the on-demand child expansion. Following this method, we obtain 6.9 to 8.0 dB improvement over real domain K-best decoder and 1.4 to 2.5 dB better performance compared to iterative conventional complex decoder for 4th iteration and 64-QAM modulation scheme. We also demonstrate the significance of new parameter on bit error rate. The proposed decoder not only increases the performance, but also reduces the computational complexity to a certain level.
This document summarizes research on characterizing crosstalk in dense Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays. The researchers measured crosstalk probability (PCT) using different experimental setups and calculation methods. Key findings include:
1) PCT decreases with increasing pixel distance and decreases with lower bias voltages.
2) PCT increases with higher pixel capacitance, extrapolating to a value of 0.05% for a capacitance of 100fF.
3) PCT decay time was measured to be a few microseconds to investigate crosstalk origins.
CIP Based BOND for Wireless Sensor Networksijsrd.com
The lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks restricted by the energy level of the nodes .In traditional WSN, if a sensor node dies the base station could not able to find the dead of the node. Even if predicts it can't able to get the sensing information before it going to die. The node can dies because of animal distraction, natural disaster, battery power consumption. The base station will be in critical situation because of losing node information like identity of the node, reason for dead, and sensed information. In our proposed method the WSN nodes are arranged in cellular structure, to optimize the coverage area, reliability in getting information from the nodes and minimizing loss of information's are improved.
The document presents a model for estimating peak-to-peak switching noise along a vertical chain of power distribution through-silicon vias (TSVs) in a 3D stack of integrated circuits. The proposed model is accurate within 2-3% of a commercial simulator but runs 3-4 times faster and uses less memory. The model allows estimating switching noise at different locations in the stack to help determine decoupling capacitor placement and optimize the TSV pattern for power distribution. Simulation results are presented analyzing how switching noise varies with TSV dimensions, inductance, and decoupling capacitance.
A DELAY – CONSTRAINED IN MULTICAST ROUTING USING JIA ALGORITHMIJCI JOURNAL
The Distributed multicast routing protocol under delay constraints, is one of the software, which requires simultaneous transmission of message from a source to a group of destinations within specified time delay. For example. Video Conferencing system. Multicast routing is to find a routing tree which is routed from the source and contains all the destinations. The principle goal of multicast routing is to minimize the network cost. A tree with minimal overall cost is called a Steiner tree. Finding such tree is the principle of the NP complete.
Many inexpensive heuristic algorithms have been proposed for the Steiner tree problem. However, most of the proposed algorithms are centralized in nature. Centralized algorithm requires a central node to be responsible for computing the tree and this central node must have full knowledge about the global network. But, this is not practical in large networks. Therefore, existing algorithms suffer from the drawback such as heavy communication cost, long connection setup time and poor quality of produced routing trees. So far, a little work has been done on finding delay bounded Steiner tree in a distributed manner. An effort is made in this paper to this effect. The Study reveals that the drawbacks mentioned
above has been sufficiently reduced. This paper gives complete guidelines for authors submitting papers for the AIRCC Journals.
A SIMULATION-BASED PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MANETS CDS CREATION ALGORITHMS U...csandit
This document compares the performance of Wu and Li's Connected Dominating Set (CDS) creation algorithm and its location-information-based version under different Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols and network sizes. Simulations were conducted using an ideal MAC protocol and the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. The results show that using the 802.11 MAC produces smaller CDS sizes, lower signaling overhead, but longer establishment times compared to the ideal MAC. This is because packet collisions in the 802.11 MAC deprive nodes of accurate neighborhood information, leading to suboptimal CDS construction and longer delays.
Communication by Whispers Paradigm for Short Range Communication in Cognitive...IDES Editor
With ever increasing demand for efficiency
and increased throughput over the wireless domain, we
have now reached a point where in a method for efficient
utilization of the electromagnetic spectrum is in demand.
Cognitive radio provides us with a way in which this demand
could be catered, it does so by using devices which
autonomously adjust their communication parameters to
adapt to the external environment. However, the most
critical of this entire technology is the parameter relating to
the Spectrum Sensing aspects. In order for cognitive radio
devices to properly configure and identify the presence of
a primary carrier in a communication mode, spectrum
sensors and efficient sensing algorithms are required. There
have been many algo- rithms developed in this field.
However, these available spectrum sensing algorithms are
prohibitively expensive to implement in wireless devices that
cater to only short distance communication. In this paper,
we propose a parsimonious spectrum sensing algorithm
which would deal with sensing and couple them with short
distance wireless devices over WiFi networks operating in the
2.4 GHz band. The efficiency parameters are also shown
using demonstrations.
Bounds on the Achievable Rates of Faded Dirty Paper Channel IJCNCJournal
Bounds on the achievable rate of a Gaussian channel in the case that the transmitter knows the
interference signal but not its fading coefficients are given. We generalize the analysis which were studied
in [1] and [4] so that their results are special cases of our analysis. We enforce our bounds by simulations
in which many numerical examples are drawn and investigated under different cases.
The Coexistence of Device -to- Device (D2D) Communication under Heterogeneous...amal algedir
This document discusses device-to-device (D2D) communication in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). It contains 3 key contributions:
1. Analyzing whether D2D communication can improve throughput in HetNets when small cells reuse the same spectrum as macro cells. A sequential max search algorithm is proposed for resource allocation.
2. Proposing ways to enhance energy efficiency in D2D-powered HetNets through dynamic mode selection, resource allocation, and power control. Both dedicated and reuse modes of D2D communication are considered.
3. Developing a stochastic analytical model to quantify the impact of LTE scheduler type on D2D communication in HetNets.
Multihop Routing In Camera Sensor NetworksChuka Okoye
This poster abstract summarizes an experimental study of multihop routing in camera sensor networks. The experiments tested the Collection Tree Protocol (CTP) using CITRIC camera motes and TelosB motes. The experiments varied payload size and delay between packet transmissions to evaluate data rate, reception rate, and latency over different hop counts. The results show that there is a tradeoff between reception rate and latency. Adding a delay between transmissions can improve both data rate and reception rate compared to best effort transmission. The optimal delay depends on the network density and hop count.
Probablistic Inference With Limited InformationChuka Okoye
The document presents a probabilistic approach to answering queries in sensor networks using limited and stochastic information. It uses a Bayesian network to model the relationships between sensor measurements, enemy agent locations, and whether a friendly agent is surrounded. Approximate inference is performed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to estimate the posterior probability of being surrounded given the sensor data. Simulation results show the algorithm can effectively handle noisy sensor measurements and provide useful estimates even when direct information is limited or unavailable.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Numerical suppression of linear effects in a optical cdma transmissionIAEME Publication
This document discusses numerical suppression of linear effects in optical CDMA transmission. It presents a proposed model using Fractional Step Methods to predict signal deformation due to chromatic dispersion and reconstitute the original signal after propagation in a single-mode fiber. Simulation results are shown for Gaussian pulse propagation under varying conditions of wavelength, fiber length, dispersion, and absorption to analyze linear effects. The proposed detection algorithm uses FFT and IFFT to iteratively determine the initial signal from the dispersed signal after propagation.
This document summarizes a research paper on using wavelet neural networks (WNNs) for adaptive equalization in digital communication systems. The paper proposes using WNNs structured with wavelet basis functions as the activation functions. The orthogonal least squares (OLS) algorithm is then used to update the weighting matrix and select the most important wavelet basis units, reducing redundancy. The experimental results showed that a WNN equalizer using OLS outperformed conventional neural network equalizers in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and ability to handle non-linear channels.
Tree Based Collaboration For Target TrackingChuka Okoye
This document proposes a Dynamic Convoy Tree-Based Collaboration (DCTC) framework to detect and track mobile targets in sensor networks. DCTC uses a dynamic convoy tree structure that includes sensor nodes surrounding the target. As the target moves, the tree is reconfigured by adding or removing nodes to maintain coverage while minimizing energy consumption. The document formalizes reconfiguring the convoy tree as an optimization problem and proposes several practical solutions, including tree expansion/pruning schemes and tree reconfiguration schemes. Extensive experiments evaluate and compare the proposed solutions to an optimal solution.
The document discusses Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and All Optical Networking (AON). It addresses the challenges of increasing bandwidth demand and the need for network capacity expansion. DWDM allows multiple optical signals to be multiplexed onto a single fiber with no signal conversion, increasing network capacity. AON would enable fully transparent optical networks using optical cross-connects and add/drop multiplexers without optical-electrical-optical conversion. Research is ongoing to develop the technologies needed to realize AON.
Wireless Communication Networks and Systems 1st Edition Beard Solutions Manualpuriryrap
Full download : http://alibabadownload.com/product/wireless-communication-networks-and-systems-1st-edition-beard-solutions-manual/
Wireless Communication Networks and Systems 1st Edition Beard Solutions Manual
Printed Omnidirectional Access-Point Antenna for 2.4/5-GHz WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A new design of the printed omnidirectional antenna for applications in 2.4/5-GHz dual-WLAN-band access points is proposed. The antenna consists of a conventional collinear antenna for 2.4 GHz operation and two U stubs for 5 GHz operation. The two U stubs are located near the points where the maximum currents at about 5.5 GHz occurring on the strips of the collinear antenna, and arranged back to back in the same phase for achieving better antenna gain. Detailed analyses of the U stub on the impedance matching over the 5 GH band is presented. A prototype with good omnidirectional radiation across the 2.4/5-GHz WLAN bands is demonstrated.
Spectral-, source-, connectivity- and network analysis of EEG and MEG dataRobert Oostenveld
The document discusses various analysis techniques for MEG/EEG data including spectral analysis, connectivity analysis, source analysis, and network analysis. It provides an overview of the MEG/EEG analysis pipeline and outlines tools in the FieldTrip toolbox for preprocessing, time/frequency analysis, and statistics. Spectral analysis decomposes signals into oscillatory components using Fourier transforms. Connectivity analysis measures relationships between signals but interpreting results is challenging due to signal leakage between sources and sensors. Source analysis estimates activity at the source level using linear inverse modeling approaches.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
NEURAL NETWORKS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE TIME-DELAY ESTIMATION AND ACOUSTIC SOURC...csandit
Time-delay estimation is an essential building block of many signal processing applications.This paper follows up on earlier work for acoustic source localization and time delay estimation
using pattern recognition techniques in the adverse environment such as reverberant rooms or underwater; it presents unprecedented high performance results obtained with supervised training of neural networks which challenge the state of the art and compares its performance to that of well-known methods such as the Generalized Cross-Correlation or Adaptive Eigenvalue Decomposition.
Iterative Soft Decision Based Complex K-best MIMO DecoderCSCJournals
This paper presents an iterative soft decision based complex multiple input multiple output (MIMO) decoding algorithm, which reduces the complexity of Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. We develop a novel iterative complex K-best decoder exploiting the techniques of lattice reduction for 8×8 MIMO. Besides list size, a new adjustable variable has been introduced in order to control the on-demand child expansion. Following this method, we obtain 6.9 to 8.0 dB improvement over real domain K-best decoder and 1.4 to 2.5 dB better performance compared to iterative conventional complex decoder for 4th iteration and 64-QAM modulation scheme. We also demonstrate the significance of new parameter on bit error rate. The proposed decoder not only increases the performance, but also reduces the computational complexity to a certain level.
This document summarizes research on characterizing crosstalk in dense Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays. The researchers measured crosstalk probability (PCT) using different experimental setups and calculation methods. Key findings include:
1) PCT decreases with increasing pixel distance and decreases with lower bias voltages.
2) PCT increases with higher pixel capacitance, extrapolating to a value of 0.05% for a capacitance of 100fF.
3) PCT decay time was measured to be a few microseconds to investigate crosstalk origins.
CIP Based BOND for Wireless Sensor Networksijsrd.com
The lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks restricted by the energy level of the nodes .In traditional WSN, if a sensor node dies the base station could not able to find the dead of the node. Even if predicts it can't able to get the sensing information before it going to die. The node can dies because of animal distraction, natural disaster, battery power consumption. The base station will be in critical situation because of losing node information like identity of the node, reason for dead, and sensed information. In our proposed method the WSN nodes are arranged in cellular structure, to optimize the coverage area, reliability in getting information from the nodes and minimizing loss of information's are improved.
The document presents a model for estimating peak-to-peak switching noise along a vertical chain of power distribution through-silicon vias (TSVs) in a 3D stack of integrated circuits. The proposed model is accurate within 2-3% of a commercial simulator but runs 3-4 times faster and uses less memory. The model allows estimating switching noise at different locations in the stack to help determine decoupling capacitor placement and optimize the TSV pattern for power distribution. Simulation results are presented analyzing how switching noise varies with TSV dimensions, inductance, and decoupling capacitance.
A DELAY – CONSTRAINED IN MULTICAST ROUTING USING JIA ALGORITHMIJCI JOURNAL
The Distributed multicast routing protocol under delay constraints, is one of the software, which requires simultaneous transmission of message from a source to a group of destinations within specified time delay. For example. Video Conferencing system. Multicast routing is to find a routing tree which is routed from the source and contains all the destinations. The principle goal of multicast routing is to minimize the network cost. A tree with minimal overall cost is called a Steiner tree. Finding such tree is the principle of the NP complete.
Many inexpensive heuristic algorithms have been proposed for the Steiner tree problem. However, most of the proposed algorithms are centralized in nature. Centralized algorithm requires a central node to be responsible for computing the tree and this central node must have full knowledge about the global network. But, this is not practical in large networks. Therefore, existing algorithms suffer from the drawback such as heavy communication cost, long connection setup time and poor quality of produced routing trees. So far, a little work has been done on finding delay bounded Steiner tree in a distributed manner. An effort is made in this paper to this effect. The Study reveals that the drawbacks mentioned
above has been sufficiently reduced. This paper gives complete guidelines for authors submitting papers for the AIRCC Journals.
A SIMULATION-BASED PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MANETS CDS CREATION ALGORITHMS U...csandit
This document compares the performance of Wu and Li's Connected Dominating Set (CDS) creation algorithm and its location-information-based version under different Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols and network sizes. Simulations were conducted using an ideal MAC protocol and the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. The results show that using the 802.11 MAC produces smaller CDS sizes, lower signaling overhead, but longer establishment times compared to the ideal MAC. This is because packet collisions in the 802.11 MAC deprive nodes of accurate neighborhood information, leading to suboptimal CDS construction and longer delays.
Communication by Whispers Paradigm for Short Range Communication in Cognitive...IDES Editor
With ever increasing demand for efficiency
and increased throughput over the wireless domain, we
have now reached a point where in a method for efficient
utilization of the electromagnetic spectrum is in demand.
Cognitive radio provides us with a way in which this demand
could be catered, it does so by using devices which
autonomously adjust their communication parameters to
adapt to the external environment. However, the most
critical of this entire technology is the parameter relating to
the Spectrum Sensing aspects. In order for cognitive radio
devices to properly configure and identify the presence of
a primary carrier in a communication mode, spectrum
sensors and efficient sensing algorithms are required. There
have been many algo- rithms developed in this field.
However, these available spectrum sensing algorithms are
prohibitively expensive to implement in wireless devices that
cater to only short distance communication. In this paper,
we propose a parsimonious spectrum sensing algorithm
which would deal with sensing and couple them with short
distance wireless devices over WiFi networks operating in the
2.4 GHz band. The efficiency parameters are also shown
using demonstrations.
Bounds on the Achievable Rates of Faded Dirty Paper Channel IJCNCJournal
Bounds on the achievable rate of a Gaussian channel in the case that the transmitter knows the
interference signal but not its fading coefficients are given. We generalize the analysis which were studied
in [1] and [4] so that their results are special cases of our analysis. We enforce our bounds by simulations
in which many numerical examples are drawn and investigated under different cases.
The Coexistence of Device -to- Device (D2D) Communication under Heterogeneous...amal algedir
This document discusses device-to-device (D2D) communication in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). It contains 3 key contributions:
1. Analyzing whether D2D communication can improve throughput in HetNets when small cells reuse the same spectrum as macro cells. A sequential max search algorithm is proposed for resource allocation.
2. Proposing ways to enhance energy efficiency in D2D-powered HetNets through dynamic mode selection, resource allocation, and power control. Both dedicated and reuse modes of D2D communication are considered.
3. Developing a stochastic analytical model to quantify the impact of LTE scheduler type on D2D communication in HetNets.
Multihop Routing In Camera Sensor NetworksChuka Okoye
This poster abstract summarizes an experimental study of multihop routing in camera sensor networks. The experiments tested the Collection Tree Protocol (CTP) using CITRIC camera motes and TelosB motes. The experiments varied payload size and delay between packet transmissions to evaluate data rate, reception rate, and latency over different hop counts. The results show that there is a tradeoff between reception rate and latency. Adding a delay between transmissions can improve both data rate and reception rate compared to best effort transmission. The optimal delay depends on the network density and hop count.
Probablistic Inference With Limited InformationChuka Okoye
The document presents a probabilistic approach to answering queries in sensor networks using limited and stochastic information. It uses a Bayesian network to model the relationships between sensor measurements, enemy agent locations, and whether a friendly agent is surrounded. Approximate inference is performed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to estimate the posterior probability of being surrounded given the sensor data. Simulation results show the algorithm can effectively handle noisy sensor measurements and provide useful estimates even when direct information is limited or unavailable.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Numerical suppression of linear effects in a optical cdma transmissionIAEME Publication
This document discusses numerical suppression of linear effects in optical CDMA transmission. It presents a proposed model using Fractional Step Methods to predict signal deformation due to chromatic dispersion and reconstitute the original signal after propagation in a single-mode fiber. Simulation results are shown for Gaussian pulse propagation under varying conditions of wavelength, fiber length, dispersion, and absorption to analyze linear effects. The proposed detection algorithm uses FFT and IFFT to iteratively determine the initial signal from the dispersed signal after propagation.
This document summarizes a research paper on using wavelet neural networks (WNNs) for adaptive equalization in digital communication systems. The paper proposes using WNNs structured with wavelet basis functions as the activation functions. The orthogonal least squares (OLS) algorithm is then used to update the weighting matrix and select the most important wavelet basis units, reducing redundancy. The experimental results showed that a WNN equalizer using OLS outperformed conventional neural network equalizers in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and ability to handle non-linear channels.
Tree Based Collaboration For Target TrackingChuka Okoye
This document proposes a Dynamic Convoy Tree-Based Collaboration (DCTC) framework to detect and track mobile targets in sensor networks. DCTC uses a dynamic convoy tree structure that includes sensor nodes surrounding the target. As the target moves, the tree is reconfigured by adding or removing nodes to maintain coverage while minimizing energy consumption. The document formalizes reconfiguring the convoy tree as an optimization problem and proposes several practical solutions, including tree expansion/pruning schemes and tree reconfiguration schemes. Extensive experiments evaluate and compare the proposed solutions to an optimal solution.
The document discusses Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and All Optical Networking (AON). It addresses the challenges of increasing bandwidth demand and the need for network capacity expansion. DWDM allows multiple optical signals to be multiplexed onto a single fiber with no signal conversion, increasing network capacity. AON would enable fully transparent optical networks using optical cross-connects and add/drop multiplexers without optical-electrical-optical conversion. Research is ongoing to develop the technologies needed to realize AON.
Wireless Communication Networks and Systems 1st Edition Beard Solutions Manualpuriryrap
Full download : http://alibabadownload.com/product/wireless-communication-networks-and-systems-1st-edition-beard-solutions-manual/
Wireless Communication Networks and Systems 1st Edition Beard Solutions Manual
Printed Omnidirectional Access-Point Antenna for 2.4/5-GHz WLAN OperationSaou-Wen Su
A new design of the printed omnidirectional antenna for applications in 2.4/5-GHz dual-WLAN-band access points is proposed. The antenna consists of a conventional collinear antenna for 2.4 GHz operation and two U stubs for 5 GHz operation. The two U stubs are located near the points where the maximum currents at about 5.5 GHz occurring on the strips of the collinear antenna, and arranged back to back in the same phase for achieving better antenna gain. Detailed analyses of the U stub on the impedance matching over the 5 GH band is presented. A prototype with good omnidirectional radiation across the 2.4/5-GHz WLAN bands is demonstrated.
Spectral-, source-, connectivity- and network analysis of EEG and MEG dataRobert Oostenveld
The document discusses various analysis techniques for MEG/EEG data including spectral analysis, connectivity analysis, source analysis, and network analysis. It provides an overview of the MEG/EEG analysis pipeline and outlines tools in the FieldTrip toolbox for preprocessing, time/frequency analysis, and statistics. Spectral analysis decomposes signals into oscillatory components using Fourier transforms. Connectivity analysis measures relationships between signals but interpreting results is challenging due to signal leakage between sources and sensors. Source analysis estimates activity at the source level using linear inverse modeling approaches.
Sensing Throughput Tradeoff for Cognitive Radio Networks with Noise Variance ...T. E. BOGALE
This document presents a method for sensing sub-bands in cognitive radio networks with uncertain noise variance. It proposes a new edge detector to detect the number of sub-bands in a wideband spectrum. It then identifies a reference white sub-band using average energy comparison. A test statistic is developed to sense the other sub-bands and optimize the sensing time. Simulation results show the detection probability of the proposed method and how it trades off sensing time with throughput. The method allows cognitive radios to maximize throughput while protecting primary users under uncertainty in noise variance.
High directivity microstrip antenna with stopband and passband frequency sel...IJECEIAES
There is still no high-directivity microstrip antenna with directivity beyond 25 dBi, bandwidth (BW) of more than 24%, which can be used for 6G cellular communication at low-THz at a resonance frequency of 144 GHz. So, duo broadband microstrip antennas have been designed at a resonance frequency of 144 GHz with the Taconic TLY-5 laminate in this work. These designs were carried out with the computer simulation technology microwave studio (CST MWS) software. The first antenna simulation results were compared within an Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software, and the obtained simulation results from both software were in fair consent, supporting the proposed designs. The peak directivity, peak gain, total peak efficiency, and BW obtained for the proposed THz microstrip antennas were 27.01 dBi, 25.3 dB, 78.96%, and 34.21 GHz (24.93%), respectively. Therefore, these antennas can be a base for 6G at low-THz.
The document discusses beamforming antennas and their applications. It begins by outlining beamforming concepts and configurations like phased arrays and adaptive arrays. It then discusses applications of beamforming antennas in areas like radar, sonar, communications and imaging. Specific examples covered include phased array radar, neuronal spike sorting, and smart antenna systems for wireless networks. Vector antennas and their advantages over phased arrays are also summarized. Finally, the document discusses potential uses and challenges of beamforming antennas for wireless ad hoc networks.
Comparison between Trigonometric and Traditional DDS, in 90 nm TechnologyTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The Direct Digital frequency Synthesizer (DDS) is an architecture largely used for the generation of numeric sine and/or cosine waveforms in different applications. In this work, authors compare two different DDS architectures: the traditional architecture, based on the exploitation of quarter wave symmetry, and the Symon’s DDS (trigonometric DDS) presented in 2002. The two layout configurations have been implemented in 90 nm technology and compared in terms of area, speed and power consumption. Comparisons have been performed in terms of circuital complexity on architectures having the same Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) and phase resolution. Experiments show that the trigonometric architecture is very efficient in terms of area.
Design and fabrication of A Ku-band low noise amplifier using FR-4 substrateTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The low noise amplifier (LNA) plays an important role in many communication systems, especially at the receiver’s front-ends. In modern RF designs, The LNA is usually fabricated on a microstrip printed circuit board (PCB) due to its simplicity and ability of integrating flexibly with other components in a receiving circuitry unit. At frequencies lower than 6 GHz, the most prevalent substrate material for a microstrip LNA is FR-4 while at higher frequencies of over 10 GHz, it is challenging to design the LNA using this material without causing considerable losses to the RF signal. There are many works related to design microstrip LNA at high frequencies, however, the dielectric substrates used in most of them were high-cost materials for low dielectric loss. This paper introduces an LNA topology using the common, low-cost FR-4 substrate which can be operated in Ku-band for applications such as small satellites’ receivers, with the expected noise figure of lower than 1 dB, gain of around 10 dB and the return loss of around -10 dB. The stepped impedance matching technique has been used for transmission line optimization. The simulated and measured results are presented.
The document summarizes key aspects of optical fiber communication including:
1) It describes the advantages of optical fiber communication over copper wire communication such as smaller size, lower transmission loss, higher bandwidth, and immunity to electromagnetic interference.
2) The basic components of an optical fiber are described including the core, cladding, buffer, and jacket. Total internal reflection is explained as the mechanism that guides light through the fiber.
3) Different types of optical fibers are discussed including plastic optical fiber, single-mode fiber, multimode step-index fiber, and multimode graded-index fiber.
An automated and user-friendly optical tweezers for biomolecular investigat...Dr. Pranav Rathi
An automated optical tweezers system was designed and constructed for biomolecular investigations. Key aspects included automation and control of the tweezers, calibration of stiffness and sensitivity, and DNA sample preparation and experiments. Results showed DNA overstretching and unzipping experiments in both water and heavy water. Future work will focus on further automation and investigating DNA-protein interactions.
Slow dancing pdn on memory-controller-packages may-10th_2012_hf_lastHany Fahmy
This document discusses techniques for modeling and optimizing power delivery networks (PDNs) in memory controller packages to reduce noise. It contains three examples:
1. Detecting resonant frequencies in the PDN system and optimizing decoupling capacitor placement to meet impedance targets from DC to GHz frequencies.
2. Modeling noise coupling between Vdd power and data signals, and how on-package decoupling, ground vias, and return path discontinuity impact coupling.
3. Measuring current waveforms to extract signal integrity/power integrity noise sources, and using FDTD simulations to study the impact of on-board decoupling capacitors on radiated emissions from the board edge.
Dominant CIR Tap Index Identification for Wideband ChannelsT. E. BOGALE
This document presents a method for dominant CIR tap index identification in wideband channels. It proposes formulating the problem to maximize a lower bound on SNR by identifying the optimal number of CIR taps (L) to include. A two-step approach is used: 1) estimate noise variances from past OFDM symbols to determine tap powers, and 2) calculate sorted SNR values to find L via bisection search. Simulation results show over 50% SE improvement compared to not accounting for dominant taps, especially at high SNR. The method provides a simple, efficient way to identify important multipath for channel estimation.
Mimo radar detection in compound gaussian clutter using orthogonal discrete f...ijma
This paper proposes orthogonal Discrete Frequency Coding Space Time Waveforms (DFCSTW) for
Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) radar detection in compound Gaussian clutter. The proposed
orthogonal waveforms are designed considering the position and angle of the transmitting antenna when
viewed from origin. These orthogonally optimized show good resolution in spikier clutter with Generalized
Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) detector. The simulation results show that this waveform provides better
detection performance in spikier Clutter.
This document discusses parameters for designing high-resolution common-depth-point (CDP) reflection profiling surveys. It recommends using modeling and walkaway noise tests to help determine optimal field parameters like record length, sample interval, source-receiver offsets, group interval, and whether to use a split-spread or end-on geometry. Filtering data in the field can help overcome limitations in dynamic range. Walkaway noise tests evaluate the effectiveness of field parameters and help identify reflections, ground roll, and other arrivals before final processing. Choosing parameters requires considering objectives, limitations, and available equipment to obtain the highest quality data possible.
On Modification of Properties of P-N-Junctions During OvergrowthZac Darcy
In this paper we consider influence of overgrowth of doped by diffusion and ion implantation areas of heterostructures on distributions of concentrations of dopants. Several conditions to increase sharpness of p-njunctions (single and framework bipolar transistors), which were manufactured during considered technological process, have been determined. At the same time we analyzed influence of speed of overgrowth of
doped areas and mechanical stress in the considered heterostructure on distribution of concentrations of
dopants in the structure.
On Modification of Properties of P-N-Junctions During OvergrowthZac Darcy
In this paper we consider influence of overgrowth of doped by diffusion and ion implantation areas of heterostructures on distributions of concentrations of dopants. Several conditions to increase sharpness of p-njunctions (single and framework bipolar transistors), which were manufactured during considered technological process, have been determined. At the same time we analyzed influence of speed of overgrowth of
doped areas and mechanical stress in the considered heterostructure on distribution of concentrations of
dopants in the structure.
Employing non-orthogonal multiple access scheme in UAV-based wireless networksjournalBEEI
This paper studies the two-hop transmission relying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relays which is suitable to implement in the internet of things (IoT) systems. To enhance system performance in order to overcome the large scale fading between the base station (BS) and destination as well as achieve the higher spectrum efficiency, where non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) strategies were typically applied for UAV relays to implement massive connections transmission. In particular, outage probability is evaluated via signal to noise ratio (SNR) criterion so that the terminal node can obtain reasonable performance. The derivations and analysis results showed that the considered fixed power allocation scheme provides performance gap among two signals at destination.The numerical simulation confirmed the exactness of derived expressions in the UAV assisted system.
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Employing non-orthogonal multiple access scheme in UAV-based wireless networks
Bandwidth Analysis of Low-Complexity Decoupling Networks for Multiple Coupled Antennas
1. Bandwidth Analysis of Low-Complexity Decoupling
Networks for Multiple Coupled Antennas
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald
University of Notre Dame
nding1@nd.edu
bhochwald@nd.edu
November 4, 2014
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 1 / 14
2. Overview
1 Introduction to Decoupling Networks
2 Bandwidth of Decoupling Networks
3 Summary
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 2 / 14
3. Antenna Mutual Coupling
Where it can happen
Closely spaced antennas, compact
devices, wearables, massive MIMO
At all frequencies, WiFi, LTE, 5G
technologies
…
Generally harmful in wireless communications
Correlated channels in MIMO communications
Reduces the total radiation power
Negative impacts on capacity
Can be compensated: do not over-engineer the antennas
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 3 / 14
4. Impedance Matching Networks
Compensate the mutual coupling
Impedance matching networks can compensate
Envelope correlation can be made zero
Maximizes the radiation power
Compensate the negative impact on capacity
Matching Network
…
…
Matching Network: A lossless reciprocal multi-port network
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 4 / 14
5. Decoupling Networks for Multiple Antennas
Two-port matching network matches a single source to a single
antenna
2N-port
matching
network
N coupled
antennas
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
0Z
0Z
Two-port
matching
network
LZ 0Z0Z
0Z
0Z
.
.
.
Decoupling network matches decoupled sources to coupled antennas
Transforms the impedance of coupled antennas into the decoupled
characteristic impedances
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 5 / 14
6. Complexity of Decoupling Networks
The decoupling networks are
complicated in general 2N2 + N
But the realization is not unique
...
...
1
2
3
1N −
N
1N +
2N +
3N +
2 1N −
2N
Minimum-complexity decoupling networks
Systematic and unified decoupling
networks design methods for arbitrary
coupled antennas
Decoupling networks design method
with minimum complexity N2 + N
Alternative design methods with
close-to-optimum complexity N2 + 2N
...
...
1
2
3
1N −
N
1N +
2N +
3N +
2 1N −
2N
...
...
1
2
3
1N −
N
1N +
2N +
3N +
2 1N −
2N
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 6 / 14
8. Examples of Low-Complexity Decoupling Networks
Three Dipoles (at design frequency fd = 2.4 GHz)
ZL =
77.64 + 43.08j 72.09 + 3.36j 54.17 − 24.97j
72.09 + 3.36j 79.18 + 42.18j 72.09 + 3.36j
54.17 − 24.97j 72.09 + 3.36j 77.64 + 43.08j
Ω
10
λ
10
λ
2
λ
−10 −5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Signal−to−noise ratio (dB)
Capacity(bits/transmission)
7 dB
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 8 / 14
9. Bandwidth of Decoupling Networks
Power reflection ratio
The ratio between the expected reflected
power and the expected incident power at
frequency f
r(f ) =
E tr{bH(f )b(f )}
E tr{aH(f )a(f )}
=
1
N
SLM(f ) 2
F
0Z
0Z
2N-port
matching
network
.
.
.
( )LS f( )LMS f
( )a f
( )b f
Outputports
N+1~2N
Inputports
1~N
.
.
.
Bandwidth of N matched antennas
The frequency range for which the power reflection ratio r(f ) is no greater
than a threshold τ in the vicinity of design frequency fd
fBW(τ, fd ) = max
f1≤fd ≤f2
r(f )≤τ,∀f1≤f ≤f2
f2 − f1.
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 9 / 14
11. Bandwidth Analysis for Decoupling Networks
Assume constant loads
across frequency
Introduce a small
frequency offset ∆f
First-order analysis on
decoupling networks
r(f ) ≈ c∆f 2
c depends on the
decoupling network −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x 10
−3
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Frequency offset/Design Frequency (∆ f/fd
)
Powerrefelctionratior(f)
(a) actual
(a) first−order
(b) actual
(b) first−order
(c) actual
(c) first−order
Criteria for High-Bandwidth Decoupling Networks
Small change in admittance of the decoupling network when ∆f
introduced
Small capacitors and large inductors
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 11 / 14
13. Summary
Mutual coupling can be compensated by decoupling networks
Decoupling networks can be obtained from design methods that
achieves minimum- or low-complexity
The bandwidth is not necessarily sacrificed with low-complexity
decoupling networks
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 13 / 14
14. References
D. Nie, B. M. Hochwald and E. Stauffer, “Systematic design of
large-scale multiport decoupling networks,” IEEE Transactions on
Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 2172–2181,
July 2014.
J. C. Coetzee and Y. Yu, “Design of decoupling networks for circulant
symmetric antenna arrays,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation
Letters, vol. 8, pp. 291–294, 2009.
A. Krewski and W. L. Schroeder, “N-port DL-MIMO antenna system
realization using systematically designed mode matching and mode
decomposition network,” in Proceedings of the 42nd European
Microwave Conference (EuMC), pp. 156C159, Oct. 2012.
B. K. Lau, J. B. Andersen, G. Kristensson, and A. F. Molisch, “Impact
of matching network on bandwidth of compact antenna arrays,” IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 54, pp. 3225-3238,
Nov. 2006.
Ding Nie and Bertrand Hochwald (University of Notre Dame)Bandwidth Analysis of Decoupling Networks November 4, 2014 14 / 14