This document provides background information on the proposed Nyamache Management System project. It summarizes the current manual patient record keeping system at Nyamache Hospital, which involves paper-based registration, billing, and record retrieval. This is inefficient and error-prone. The proposed electronic system aims to improve accuracy, efficiency and information retrieval. It will involve modules for registration, billing, stock management and administration. The document outlines the project objectives, budget, and methodology using a system development lifecycle approach involving planning, analysis, design, testing and documentation.
Just tried to make a project proposal of my "Hospital Management Project". It may have errors.I have taken help from some source.It will be pleasure to me this proposal it helps someone.
Here we have tried to ensure the features below
১.Database Table
২.Normalization
৩.Interface Design
৪. Data Flow Diagram & Structure Chart
৫.Vord and Sequence Diagram
৬. UML & Object Diagram
Interface+Database+VORD Method -Sree Narayan Chakraborty
Others- Sharad Mohajan
HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE
There has been a significant change which has occurred in the past year or so. The healthcare industry, and particularly acute care facilities, in the midst of a flurry of merger and acquisition activity, has discovered as a whole they lack the ability to move quickly internally to assimilate new systems and to adapt to the changing environment. Quite inefficient and labor-intensive business processes are still being used.
We have seen a rapid advancement in application of information technology to almost every sector of industries. The explosion of Internet growth fuelled by the so-called killer application - the World Wide Web, further accelerates this advancement.
The Hospital Management System ultimately combine electronic copies of all documents created from admission to discharge with electronic reports, usually clinical testing or billing information, into a single electronic folder. They reduce labor, eliminate lost files and ‘loose sheets,’ improve access to authorized users, increase security and provide documentation for claims more quickly.
This scenario has rendered the almost impossible task of integrating and seamlessly managing patient’s record across hospitals, clinics and between countries or states.
Hospital Management System is a Medical office on-line. It is a custom web site for each physician’s office. Hospital Management System offers a web application that handles every task for a physician’s office. These tasks include billing, appointment scheduling, writing prescriptions, maintaining charts and notes, keeping lab results & X-rays, etc.
In addition to providing access to the office staff and the physician, Hospital Management System also offers controlled access to others. Patients, pharmacists, drug company representatives, and other people could access Hospital Management System to perform various tasks that would otherwise have to be performed by the physician’s office. MD Offices that subscribe to Hospital Management System would benefit from increased productivity.
Hospital Management System Project Report Sarfaraj Alam
Looking for Hospital Management System Project Report. Here I am putting my report of Hospital Management system.
We are making different type of project report.
Contact us
http://www.lovelycoding.org/p/contact.html
Just tried to make a project proposal of my "Hospital Management Project". It may have errors.I have taken help from some source.It will be pleasure to me this proposal it helps someone.
Here we have tried to ensure the features below
১.Database Table
২.Normalization
৩.Interface Design
৪. Data Flow Diagram & Structure Chart
৫.Vord and Sequence Diagram
৬. UML & Object Diagram
Interface+Database+VORD Method -Sree Narayan Chakraborty
Others- Sharad Mohajan
HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE
There has been a significant change which has occurred in the past year or so. The healthcare industry, and particularly acute care facilities, in the midst of a flurry of merger and acquisition activity, has discovered as a whole they lack the ability to move quickly internally to assimilate new systems and to adapt to the changing environment. Quite inefficient and labor-intensive business processes are still being used.
We have seen a rapid advancement in application of information technology to almost every sector of industries. The explosion of Internet growth fuelled by the so-called killer application - the World Wide Web, further accelerates this advancement.
The Hospital Management System ultimately combine electronic copies of all documents created from admission to discharge with electronic reports, usually clinical testing or billing information, into a single electronic folder. They reduce labor, eliminate lost files and ‘loose sheets,’ improve access to authorized users, increase security and provide documentation for claims more quickly.
This scenario has rendered the almost impossible task of integrating and seamlessly managing patient’s record across hospitals, clinics and between countries or states.
Hospital Management System is a Medical office on-line. It is a custom web site for each physician’s office. Hospital Management System offers a web application that handles every task for a physician’s office. These tasks include billing, appointment scheduling, writing prescriptions, maintaining charts and notes, keeping lab results & X-rays, etc.
In addition to providing access to the office staff and the physician, Hospital Management System also offers controlled access to others. Patients, pharmacists, drug company representatives, and other people could access Hospital Management System to perform various tasks that would otherwise have to be performed by the physician’s office. MD Offices that subscribe to Hospital Management System would benefit from increased productivity.
Hospital Management System Project Report Sarfaraj Alam
Looking for Hospital Management System Project Report. Here I am putting my report of Hospital Management system.
We are making different type of project report.
Contact us
http://www.lovelycoding.org/p/contact.html
This is Just an overview how to present those slides which Describes Software Working....
its a General way of Representation....
Don't worry About Forms Shown inside...
My project Hospital Management System include registration of patients,storing their detail into the system and also computerized .My software has the facility to give a unique id for every patient and store the detail of every patient and doctor automatically. User can search availability of a doctor and the details of a patient using the id.
BEST PROJECT IN HEALTH DEPARTMENT
ABSTRACT:-
Hospital Management System provides the benefits of enhanced administration & control,
superior patient care, strict cost control and improved profitability. HMS is powerful, flexible,
and easy to use and is designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals.
More importantly it is backed by reliable and dependable support.
The project ‘Hospital Management System’ is based on the database, object oriented and
networking techniques. As there are many areas where we keep the records in database for
which we are using MY SQL software which is one of the best and the easiest software to keep
our information. This project uses .NET as the front-end software which is a platform
independent and has connectivity with MY SQL.
Hospital Management System is custom built to meet the specific requirement of the mid. All
the required modules and features have been particularly built to just fit in to your
requirement. This package has been widely accepted by the clients in India and overseas. Entire
application is web based and built on 2 tier architecture. The sound database of the application
makes it more users friendly and expandable. The package is customizable and can be modified
as per the needs and requirements of our clients. Prolonged study of the functionalities is
wonderful shape and usability wise. It covers all the required modules right from Patient Login,
Patient Tests, Doctor Login, Test Reports, Admin, Doctor Leaves, Patient appointment, bill
payment, record modification etc.
Advantages :-
Hospitals currently use a manual system for the management and maintenance of critical
information. The current system requires numerous paper forms, with data stores spread
throughout the hospital management infrastructure. Often information (on forms) is incomplete,
or does not follow management standards. Forms are often lost in transit between departments
requiring a comprehensive auditing process to ensure that no vital information is lost. Multiple
copies of the same information exist in the hospital and may lead to inconsistencies in data in
various data stores.
Quanta-HIS is web-based hospital information management software system from Birlamedisoft, demo of nurse module ,A software company provides hospital management software, healthcare software, blood bank management software, Laboratory management software, clinic management software, ophthalmology management software, HIS software solutions, diagnostics centre management Software, Web based HIMS system, LIMS management software, HIMS management software.
Hi! This is a slide show that make me feel to upload that, in our college the final year project assignment has been adopted from this slide. So you guys really feel that this slide is a great one to download and have a look exactly whats are in a Hospital management system has.
This is Just an overview how to present those slides which Describes Software Working....
its a General way of Representation....
Don't worry About Forms Shown inside...
My project Hospital Management System include registration of patients,storing their detail into the system and also computerized .My software has the facility to give a unique id for every patient and store the detail of every patient and doctor automatically. User can search availability of a doctor and the details of a patient using the id.
BEST PROJECT IN HEALTH DEPARTMENT
ABSTRACT:-
Hospital Management System provides the benefits of enhanced administration & control,
superior patient care, strict cost control and improved profitability. HMS is powerful, flexible,
and easy to use and is designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals.
More importantly it is backed by reliable and dependable support.
The project ‘Hospital Management System’ is based on the database, object oriented and
networking techniques. As there are many areas where we keep the records in database for
which we are using MY SQL software which is one of the best and the easiest software to keep
our information. This project uses .NET as the front-end software which is a platform
independent and has connectivity with MY SQL.
Hospital Management System is custom built to meet the specific requirement of the mid. All
the required modules and features have been particularly built to just fit in to your
requirement. This package has been widely accepted by the clients in India and overseas. Entire
application is web based and built on 2 tier architecture. The sound database of the application
makes it more users friendly and expandable. The package is customizable and can be modified
as per the needs and requirements of our clients. Prolonged study of the functionalities is
wonderful shape and usability wise. It covers all the required modules right from Patient Login,
Patient Tests, Doctor Login, Test Reports, Admin, Doctor Leaves, Patient appointment, bill
payment, record modification etc.
Advantages :-
Hospitals currently use a manual system for the management and maintenance of critical
information. The current system requires numerous paper forms, with data stores spread
throughout the hospital management infrastructure. Often information (on forms) is incomplete,
or does not follow management standards. Forms are often lost in transit between departments
requiring a comprehensive auditing process to ensure that no vital information is lost. Multiple
copies of the same information exist in the hospital and may lead to inconsistencies in data in
various data stores.
Quanta-HIS is web-based hospital information management software system from Birlamedisoft, demo of nurse module ,A software company provides hospital management software, healthcare software, blood bank management software, Laboratory management software, clinic management software, ophthalmology management software, HIS software solutions, diagnostics centre management Software, Web based HIMS system, LIMS management software, HIMS management software.
Hi! This is a slide show that make me feel to upload that, in our college the final year project assignment has been adopted from this slide. So you guys really feel that this slide is a great one to download and have a look exactly whats are in a Hospital management system has.
Feasibility Study of Hospital Management SystemNeelam Priya
Cost Benefit Analysis and Feasibility study of Hospital Management System is performed in Project management. Alternative solutions to problems of the Hospital Management System is created.
Hospital management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project Hospital Management system includes registration of patients, storing their details into the system, and also computerized billing in the pharmacy, and labs. The software has the facility to give a unique id for every patient and stores the details of every patient and the staff automatically. It includes a search facility to know the current status of each room. User can search availability of a doctor and the details of a patient using the id. The Hospital Management System can be entered using a username and password. It is accessible either by an administrator or receptionist. Only they can add data into the database. The data can be retrieved easily. The interface is very user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data processing very fast. Hospital Management System is powerful, flexible, and easy to use and is designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals. Hospital Management System is designed for multispecialty hospitals, to cover a wide range of hospital administration and management processes. It is an integrated end-to-end Hospital Management System that provides relevant information across the hospital to support effective decision making for patient care, hospital administration and critical financial accounting, in a seamless flow. Hospital Management System is a software product suite designed to improve the quality and management of hospital management in the areas of clinical process analysis and activity-based costing. Hospital Management System enables you to develop your organization and improve its effectiveness and quality of work. Managing the key processes efficiently is critical to the success of the hospital helps you manage your processes.
ABOUT HORIZON HI-TECH SOFT SYSTEMS
Horizon Hi-Tech Soft Systems is a leading-edge Web Application Development and Digital Marketing Company committed to provide a wide array of reliable, innovative and cost-effective digital services to clients across the globe. As a diverse digital services company, Horizon Hi-Tech Soft Systems offers an entire gamut of services under one roof - ranging from CMS website development, custom web application development Search Engine Optimization and other digital marketing services
This is from healthcare management classEXERCISE 8 IMPROVEMENT blossomblackbourne
This is from healthcare management class
EXERCISE 8: IMPROVEMENT CASE STUDY
Objective
To practice quality improvement tools by applying them to an improvement effort in an ambulatory care setting.
Instructions
1. Read the following case study.
2. Follow the instructions at the end of the case.
Case Study
Background
You have just been brought in to manage a portfolio of several specialty clinics in a large multi-physician group practice in an academic medical center. The clinics reside in a multi-clinic facility that houses primary care and specialty practices as well as a satellite laboratory and radiology and pharmacy services. The practice provides the following centralized services for each of its clinics: registration, payer interface (e.g., authorization), and billing. The CEO of the practice has asked you to initially devote your attention to Clinic X to improve its efficiency and patient satisfaction.
Access Process
A primary care physician (or member of the office staff), patient, or family member calls the receptionist at Clinic X to request an appointment. If the receptionist is in the middle of helping a patient in person, the caller is asked to hold. The receptionist then asks the caller, “How may I help you?” If the caller is requesting an appointment within the next month, the appointment date and time is made and given verbally to the caller. If the caller asks additional questions, the receptionist provides answers. The caller is then given the toll-free preregistration phone number and asked to preregister before the date of the scheduled appointment. If the requested appointment is beyond a 30-day period, the caller’s name and address are put in a “future file” because physician availability is given only one month in advance. Every month, the receptionist reviews the future file and schedules an appointment for each person on the list, and a confirmation is automatically mailed to the caller.
When a patient preregisters, the financial office is automatically notified and performs the necessary insurance checks and authorizations for the appropriate insurance plan. If the patient does not preregister, when the patient arrives in the clinic on the day of the appointment and checks in with the specialty clinic receptionist, she is asked to first go to the central registration area to register. Any obvious problems with authorization are corrected before the patient returns to the specialty clinic waiting room.
Receptionist’s Point of View
The receptionist has determined that the best way to not inconvenience the caller is to keep her on the phone for as short an amount of time as possible. The receptionist also expresses frustration with the fact that there are too many things to do at once.
Physician’s Point of View
The physician thinks too much of his time is spent on paperwork and chasing down authorizations. The physician senses that appointments are always running behind and that patients are frustrated, n ...
The paper developed an automated system that is used to manage patient information and its administration. This was with a view
to eliminate the problem of inappropriate data Keeping, inaccurate reports, time wastage in storing, processing and retrieving
information encountered by the traditional hospital system in order to improve the overall efficiency of the organization. The tools
used to implement the system are Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Apache Tomcat,
JAVA,JavaScript, Ajax, and My Structured Query Language(MySQL).The Proposed system was tested using the information
collected from Kannan Homeopathy Medical Centre in Coimbatore. And compared with the existing traditional hospital system. The design provides excellent patient services and improved information infrastructure.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. DECLARATION
“I Nicholas Ratemo do hereby declare that the information in this project report is my original work
and has never been published or submitted to any other institution of higher learning for any academic
award to the best of my knowledge.”
Signed........................
Niholas Ratemo
(STUDENT)
Date.............................
3. DEDICATION
I wish dedicate this work to my father James Ratemo, to my mother Eucabeth Nyaboke , to my siblings
Mac Sanaya Ratemo, Japhet Maoga Ratemo, Jeremy Ratemo,Shem Ratemo and Shasha M. Ratemo for
their unconditional support.
5. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
NYAMACHE HOSPITAL is a prestigious hospital situated a long kisii-kiligoris road with a very large
patient capacity. This number is increasing at a rapidly with each passing day. The Management of the
hospital is concerned with the increasing effort in keeping the records of the patients and recording
their activities( done manually).
The hospital treats both indoor patients and the outdoor patients. It maintains full information of both
indoor patients and outdoor patients for the purpose of future use. Doctors who serve to the hospital
are the regular employees of the hospital, sometimes-external doctors are used to handle complicated
cases. So the hospital needs to maintain its Doctors’ records separately along with the records of its
other employees. All these operations are getting cumbersome day by day because of the stiff rise in
data.
As I visited the hospital work was done as follows:
-Registration of patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age and gender.
-Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored freshly.
- Bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to Patient on a separate sheet and at
last they all are summed up.
- Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document, which contains patient
information. It is destroyed after some time period to decrease the paper load in the office.
-All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff and lot of
papers are needed to be handled and taken care of.
-Doctors have to remember various medicines available for diagnosis and sometimes miss
better alternatives as they can’t remember them at that time.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Lack of immediate retrievals. The information is very difficult to retrieve and to find particular
information like to find out about the patient’s history, the user has to go through various registers. This
results in inconvenience and wastage of time.
Lack of immediate information storage: The information generated by various transactions takes
time and efforts to be stored at right place.
Lack of prompt updating: Various changes to information like patient details or immunization details
6. of child are difficult to make as paper work is involved.
Error prone manual calculation: Manual calculations are error prone and take a lot of time this may
result in incorrect information. For example calculation of patient’s bill based on various treatments.
Preparation of accurate and prompt reports: This becomes a difficult task as information is
prepared manually
OBJECTIVES
To have planned approach towards working: The working in the organization will be well planned
and organized. The data will be stored properly in data stores, which will help in retrieval of
information as well as its storage.
To have high accuracy: The level of accuracy in the proposed system will be higher. All operation
would be done correctly and it ensures that whatever information is coming from the center is accurate.
To increase reliability: The reliability of the proposed system will be high due to the
above stated reasons. The reason for the increased reliability of the system is that now there would be
proper storage of information.
To reduce redundancy: no information is repeated anywhere, in storage or otherwise.
This would assure economic use of storage space and consistency in the data stored.
To have immediate retrieval of information: Any typeof information would be available whenever
the user requires.
To have immediate storage of information: In manual system there are many problems to store the
largest amount of information.
To easy operation: The system should be easy to operate and should be such that it can be developed
within a short period of time and fit in the limited budget of the user.
PROPOSED SOLUTION
An electronic system that will capture various Patient Information, Doctor information, and writing bill
amount such that to shift from manual. Also this data can be maintained at central place for reference
at specific intervals.
Scope
It is going to be used in nyamache hospital for maintaining patient details and improve efficiency.
7. Budgeting
Is a part of a system budgeting and accounting practices which helps the system analyst to determine
the approximate cost and savings for an organization.
Budget Item
Amount in Ksh.
1. EQUIPMENT
1 Computer System (Laptop Computer)
5 Rewritable DVDs for Back up @ 30
2 ream of printing paper @450
5 pencils and 5 pens
2 GB flash Disk
Services
Sub-Total
30,000
150
900
60
2000
80,000
113,110
2. COMMUNICATION
Airtime @400per week*16wks
Transport per month @ 6000 *4 months
Sub-Total
Grand total
6400
24000
30,400
143,510
Time scheduling
The amount of time required to install system is approximately four months
Project Proposal
Project Planning
Project initiation
Project research
System design
System
development
System
Validation
Report Writing
Project
presentation
8. Feasibility study
Economically Feasibility:
The system being developed is economic with the hospital s point of view. It is cost
effective in the sense that has eliminated the paper work completely. The result obtained
contains minimum errors and are highly accurate as the data is required.
Technical feasibility:
The technical requirement for the system is economic and it does not use any other
additional Hardware and software.
Behavioral Feasibility:
The system working is quite easy to use and learn due to its simple and attractive
interface.
JUSTIFICATION
This project is to create a successful system between October,2013 and April, 2014 in order to reduce
the work
load of employees in Nyamache Hospital and also to avoid time wasted by patients who
attends the hospital.
9. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
The purpose of writing this literature review was to find out how hospital management systems in
various hospitals work and compare it to nyamache hospital management system.
CASE STUDY – THE ST. ROSS HOSPITAL
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
St. Ross hospital is situated in Maputo city in Mozambique. On average, around 500 patients per day
tend to visit the hospital, resulting in large queues. With such a diverse range of services offered.
St. Ross hospital needed to implement a Patient Management solution.
The Challenge
The challenge was the fact that many patients, particularly those who travel long distances to visit the
department, tend to arrive hours before their scheduled appointment, further adding to the existing
queues.
Patient visibility was a further challenge; with staff time wasted searching for patients through manual
records.
Functionality of the new system
When a patient reports to the registration point, the clerks on duty must establish whether the patient
has a number and whether a file exists as a result of a previous attendance in the system. In many
instances it will be possible to establish that a file exists by obtaining the number from the patient’s
hospital identity card. when a patient does not have an identity card or has forgotten to bring it, the
main list will be needed to trace the number so that the patient’s file can be retrieved. When the
patient’s name is a common one, the records clerk will need to interview the patient or a relative to
obtain sufficient information to identify the patient from others of the same name who appear in the
index.
Before opening a new file, clerks must be instructed to make careful checks that no file already exists.
The supervisor should regularly monitor that these checks are being done. patients may claim that they
have never attended the hospital before, yet a check of the main file reveals that a file already exists.
Administration: The administrator can create User accounts for the staff, define the departments of the
hospital and schedule for the doctors and other staff members which can be viewed all through the
application.
Registration: The registration module captures the complete patient’s information with a unique
identification number.
Store: This module keeps the watch over the stock/issue of various medicines to the Dispensary
department.
Billing: The bill is generated once the patient is discharged by the Doctor.
The Solution
Using patients register their arrival by entering the index on their appointment letter. Each patient
10. enters a required queue, which respects the scheduled appointment time. Patients who arrive early are
reminded of their actual appointment time. Patients who forget their appointment letter can check in
manually by entering their first name into the system. Volunteers are also on hand to assist.
The Results
The system has reduced the queue completely, greatly reducing stress for staff and ensuring a good
experience for patients.
Data captured using the system will be used to improve appointment scheduling in the future as it
provides a clear picture on patient flow from entry to exit. The system provides information on daily
work flow, which has the benefit of enabling roster makers to improve staff rosters in the future and
ensure high traffic areas are appropriately looked upon.
11. CASE STUDY :NYERERE NATIONAL HOSP.
Dr Korir Mohamed is Chairman of Nyerere Hospital, in Tanzania that I interviewed the following
version of the interview .
i would like to know a little about Nyerere Hospital-its origin, history and how it’s come to
Tanzania.
Nyerere hospital is an international hospital currently with operations and
developments in the whole country of Tanzania. It is stuated along Mamlaka road in Dodoma town. It
started in the year 1934 with a small number of patients attending it per day and it has grown until now
with an average of 5000 patients visiting various parts of the hospital each day.
Is your hospital management system different from the one that was being used before?
Yes.
Tell me, what was the kind of system your hospital was using before.
The old system registration of patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age and gender on a
paper. Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored freshly no reference .Bills are generated
by recording price for each facility provided to Patient on a separate sheet and at last they all are
summed up. Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document, which contains
patient information. All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff and
lot of papers are needed to be handled and taken care of .The information is very difficult to retrieve
and to find particular information like to find out about the patient’s history, the user has to go through
various registers. This results in inconvenience and wastage of time. The information generated by
various transactions takes time and efforts to be stored at right place. Various changes to information
like patient details or immunization details of child are difficult to make as paper work is involved.
This becomes a difficult task as information is prepared manually.
what is the kind of system your hospital is using now?
The administrator can create User accounts for the staff, define the departments of the hospital and
schedule for the doctors and other staff members which can be viewed all through the application.
The registration module can captures the complete patient’s information with a unique identification
number. Can store and keep the watch over the stock/issue of various medicines to the Dispensary
department. Can generate the bill is generated once the patient is discharged by the Doctor.
Conclusion
In this information age, it is therefore essential that hospital management system be done with the
utmoste eficiency and accuracy. This is the point at which records management in hospital is integrated
with computer science in order to develop a computer based records management system. The
conclusion is that efficient and comprehensive records keeping is as good as guaranteed when the art of
recordkeeping is simulated and integrated into a computerized records management system.
12. CHAPTER THREE- METHODOLOGY
Methodology
Methodology is a term used to describe a process, technique or manner in which an action is
performed. Under the development of a system, a methodology refers to the process will be
taken to ensure that a system is effectively and efficiently developed . In designing Nyamache
management system , the following system development methodology will be used.
System Development Lifecycle
In developing Nyamache Management System, the following steps will be taken;
Planning
A project plan will be developed as well as other planning documents. It will provide the basis
for acquiring the resources needed to achieve a solution. This phase will ensure that the problem
that will be solved will be the one that needed to be solved .
Analysis
At this point, the manual system in place will be analyzed to determine where the problem
is, in an attempt to solve the system. This step will involve breaking down the system in
different pieces to analyze the situation, analyzing project goals, breaking down what
needed to be created and attempting to engage users so that definite requirements could be
defined.
Under analysis, Requirement gathering is the most crucial aspect as many times communication
gaps arise in this phase and this leads to validation errors and bugs in the software
program.
Therefore, the following techniques will be used in analysis to gather information.
a) Semi-structured interviews
Semi-structured interviews are conducted with a fairly open framework which allow for focused,
conversational, two-way communication. They will be used both to give and receive
information.
In the process of developing the system, the development team will interview the data entrants
at
Nyamache hospital inorder to identify the processes, obtain specific quantitative and
qualitative information from the interviewees , obtain general information relevant to data
entry , and to Gain a range of insights on the process of the system.
This tool will be used as a data collection methodology of choice because it is; less intrusive to
those
being interviewed as the semi-structured interview encourages two-way communication.
b) Direct Observation
Direct Observation is a method in which a researcher observes and records behavior / events /
activities / tasks / duties while something is happening. This will be used in
correspondence to
interviewing in order to gain a more live view of the Hospital’s current management system .
Direct observation will be used as a research methodology of choice in designing the
management system for Nyamache Hospital because; Observations give additional, more
accurate information on behavior of people than interviews or questionnaires.
c) Using available information
This is a data collection method that involves the process of examining and evaluating
already
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13. existent literature material to obtain facts and data regarding a specific subject. Locating
these
sources and retrieving the information will help in data collection.
In the development of the nyamache management system, this research methodology will
be mainly used in the analysis and design phases of the system development process.
This is because it will permit the researcher to analyze changes in trends.
Design
In systems design the design functions and operations will be described in detail, including
screen layouts, process diagrams and other documentation. Design elements will describe
the desired system features in detail, and generally will include functional screen layout
diagrams, pseudo code, and a complete entity-relationship diagram.
Testing:
Testing is critical for a newly developed system as a prerequisite for it being put into an
environment where the end users can use it. Exhaustive testing is conducted to ensure accuracy
and reliability and to ensure that bugs are detected as early as possible. In the process of
designing the system, three levels of testing will be conducted, namely, unit testing, user
acceptance and system testing.
Unit Test
Unit test is where the system is tested partially and independently, component by component, to
ensure that particular portion or module is workable within it. In the development of the of
Nyamache management system, each component will be tested independently before finally
integrating each of them into one system.
System Test
A system normally consists of all components that makeup the total system to function. It will be
required to ensure the smooth running of the system as a whole, and it should perform as
expected and as required. Here, technical and functional testing will be performed. The technical
testing will involve the process of testing the systems compatibility with the hardware, operating
system, data integrity in the database and user authorization access rights..
User Acceptance Test
users will be involved so as to analyze acceptability and usability and also to identify areas that
may require modification before the system can fully be commissioned for use.
System Documentations
System documentation is a crucial aspect of system implementation. It it will provide a frame of
reference with regards to the implementation process. In designing the system, the
documentation will be done in form an integrated FAQ file that users of the system can refer to if
they have any challenges as far as using the system is concerned.
Assumptions that will be made by the new system
The following basic assumptions will be made while designing the system
• That the system shall be used only by the Nyamache Hospital staff
• That every system user shall have a unique username and password which shall be
assigned
by the administrator.
• That the system shall be used to add, update and delete Nyamache hospital records
• That the normal user shall not have the right to delete information from the system
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14. regards to the intended users of the system, the following suppositions will be made
• That the end user shall have a basic knowledge of working with computers
• That the end user shall have a basic knowledge of the English language which is used in
the
GUI and associated documentation.
Limitations of the System
Usability
With regard to its use, the system will only cater for English speakers. The GUI and
associated
documentation is in English. This may present a problem for non- English speaking users
Accessibility
The system has only two user levels which only cater for the administrator and data
entrant.
Security
The system also does not cater for the automatic back up of the data in the database.
This may
present a security problem in the event of data loss.
Advantage of the new system
The main advantage of the new system is that it will enable faster and more efficient storage,
execute important reports to support daily medical tasks, retrieval and updating of Nyamache
hospital records.
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15. CHAPTER 4: EXPECTED OUTPUT
Login Form
The login form below is the first page a person accessing the system sees. It will be used to gain
access to the system resources and determines, based on the user type, which users should access
which resources
NYAMACHE MANAGEMENT HOSPITAL
SYSTEM
IF YOU HAVE ANY
TROUBLE IN LOGIN
PLEASE CONTACT THE
ADMIN.
THANK YOU.
nicholas ratemo
*******
LOGIN
CANCEL
NYAMACHE MANAGEMENT HOSPITAL SYSTEM 2013
Fig.1 login form
User Registration Form
The form below will be specifically desgined for the administrative account. It will be designed with
a view to grant the administrator the ability to register new users. The form as displayed below, will
enable the administrator to specify the user level or the account type as either user or administrator.
This information will be crucial during the process of logging in as it specifies what priviledges the
system user should and shouldn’t access.
15
16. nicholasratemo
OK
CANCEL
Fig.2 user reg. form
Data Entry and Manipulation Forms
Data entry and manipulation forms in the system include the data add, delete and edit forms. The add
and edit functions will be accessible to both the administrator and normal user who is expected to be
the main data entrant. However, access to the delete forms will be restricted to a user with
administrative privileges.
Fig.3 Data manipulation form
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