Near field communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless technology that allows data exchange between devices when they are touched or brought within close proximity of a few centimeters. It uses magnetic field induction to enable communication between electronic devices like mobile phones and readers for contactless transactions. Some key applications of NFC include touch-and-go payments, contactless ticketing/access, and data sharing by touching two NFC devices. While convenient, NFC also faces security risks like eavesdropping and data theft that require technical solutions like encryption.

1. By :- Aditya Singh
Vth SEM ‘EC’
NEAR FIELD
COMMUNICATION

2.  NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high frequency
wireless communication technology.
 A radio communication is established by touching the two phones or
keeping them in a proximity of a few centimeters.
 NFC is mainly aimed for mobile or handheld devices.
 NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification.
 It is a form of contactless communication between devices.
NFC – WHAT IS IT ???

3. I. In 2004, NFC Forum was formed by Nokia, Philips, Sony to set
standards for NFC . Every NFC enabled device will have an
“N-Mark” trademark ,developed by NFC Forum.
II. In 2006, first mobile phone( nokia 6131) with NFC was released
by NOKIA.
III. In 2010, first android phone SAMSUNG NEXUS S with NFC
support was released.
IV. Sony introduced "Smart Tags", which use NFC technology to
change modes and profiles on sony smartphones.
EVOLUTION OF NFC
TECHNOLOGY

4. Near field communication is based on inductive-coupling.
NFC works using magnetic induction between two loop antennas.
A reader emits a small electric current, which creates a magnetic field that
in turn bridges the physical space between the devices. That field is
received by a similar coil in the client device, where it is turned back into
electrical impulses to communicate data such as identification number,
status information, or any other information.
So, NFC use an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF
field that can power a passive target, while 'active' or 'peer-to-peer' tags
have their own power source and respond to the reader using their own
electromagnetic fields.
Operating frequency is 13.56 MHz and data rate varies from106 Kbit/s to
424 Kbit/s.
OPERATION OF NFC

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM

7. The analog circuitry handles the modulation and demodulation of
analog signals.
RF level detector detects the presence of an external RF field at
13.56Mhz.
UART handles the protocol requirements for the communication
schemes.
FIFO BUFFER allows a fast and convenient data transfer from the
host to the UART and vice versa.
MICRO CONTROLLER allows autonomous management of
communication both on RF interface and with the host.
HOST INTERFACES are implemented to fulfill different customer
requirements.
EXPLANATION

8. In this mode, both devices with NFC chip can generate an electromagnetic
field and exchange information with each other.
MODES OF OPERATION
1) ACTIVE MODE
Two NFC enabled devices
transferring data in active
mode
Inducing magnetic field

9. A passive device, such as an NFC tag, contains information that other devices
can read but does not read any information itself, so there is only one active
user.
2) PASSIVE MODE
A NFC-enabled mobile phone
is paired with a RFID-tagged
"smart poster"

10. NFC was approved as an ISO/IEC standard on December 8, 2003 and later as an
ECMA standard.
NFC is an open platform technology standardized in ECMA-340 and ISO/IEC
18092.
These standards specify the modulation schemes, coding, transfer speeds and
frame format of the RF interface of NFC devices, as well as initialization schemes
and conditions required for data collision-control during initialization for both
passive and active NFC modes.
Furthermore, they also define the transport protocol, including protocol activation
and data-exchange methods.
Thus in-
 passive mode an NFC device can communicate with an existing ISO/IEC
smartcard or reader.
 active mode an NFC device can interact with other such device.
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

11. Applications such as access control, where the user needs only to bring the
device storing the ticket or access code close to the reader.
APPLICATIONS OF NFC
1) TOUCH AND GO
A person gathering info about a movie using his
NFC enabled Mobile Phone

12. Applications such as mobile payment where the user has to
confirm the interaction by entering a password or just accepting the
transaction.
2) TOUCH AND CONFIRM

13. Linking two NFC-enabled devices to
enable peer to peer transfer of data.
A latest development is that NFC can be
used to configure Wi-Fi networks through
mobile devices.
3) TOUCH AND CONNECT

14. The key feature that led to the development of this technology is defining an
organization’s mobile commerce business strategies.
The NFC based mobile devices and contactless credit cards can engage with PoS
devices, to enable contactless payments.
Enables the users to buy the selected product or service with their M-wallet
account, using NFC.
Security is an important and integral part of the mobile commerce transaction
processing model, so we have mobile transaction processing solution framework to
ensure end-to-end security of the sensitive data using strong encryption across all
paths of the transactions.
The point to point encryption practice is known to reduce the scope of PCI-DSS
assessment and hence P2PE encryption practices are widely being used for security
of card holder data.
M-COMMERCE

15. CARRY YOUR WORLD AROUND

16. High convenience to the user, because the data exchange is done just by
bringing two mobiles together.
Reduces cost of electronic issuance .
Secure communication.
No special software.
No manual configuration and settings.
No search and pair procedure.
NFC can be used together with existing technologies like Bluetooth and
thus act for longer range also.
NFC uses are practically limitless.
ADVANTAGES OF NFC

17. The system has the limitation that it can be operated only with devices under a
short range i.e. around 10 cm.
The data transfer rate is very less at about 106kbps, 212 kbps and 424kbps.
Eavesdropping
Data Corruption and Manipulation
Theft
DISADVANTAGES OF NFC

18. Use secure channel (so that only the authorized device could decode the
encrypted information).
Some NFC devices “listen” for data corruption attacks and prevent them
before they have a chance to get up and running.
Use Active – Passive modes with encrypted keys (this means one device
receives info and the other sends it instead of both devices receiving and
passing information).
Keeping phones password protected.
COUNTER MEASURES

19. SOME DEVICES USING NFC
TECHNOLOGY

20. New generations of iPhone, iPod and iPad products would reportedly be
equipped with NFC capability which would enable small-scale monetary
transactions.
On May 2, 2011, RIM announced the Blackberry Bold 9900, a new device that
will use NFC technology.
Recently, Microsoft announced that all Windows Phone 8 devices will make use
of the NFC technology.
FUTURE OF NFC

21. Mobile handsets are the primary target for NFC and soon NFC will be
implemented in most handheld devices.
The advancements in mobile wireless technology and communication
standards have enabled usage of contactless and NFC based payment
models.
The mobile wallet based payment model is gaining considerable momentum
and is currently being seen as one of the key payment model, to promote
contactless payment processing practices.
The mobile wallet technology enables the end-users to make payments with
their mobile wallet accounts, without having to use credit or debit cards and
hence this technology can also help users that do not use credit or debit
cards.
CONCLUSION

22. THANK
YOU!!!