Near field communication (NFC) allows short-range wireless data transfer between devices when brought close together. In 2004, Nokia, Philips, and Sony established the NFC Forum to develop standards. NFC operates at 13.5MHz and has a maximum transfer rate of 800kbps within a 10cm range. It can be used for contactless payments, data sharing, and automated tasks. Common applications include mobile boarding passes, tickets, and keyless entry. Security risks include eavesdropping, data modification, and man-in-the-middle attacks due to the short operating distance.

1. NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION
IDRIS SHAH

2. • Near field communication (NFC) is a set of
standards for smartphones and similar devices
to establish radio communication with each
other by touching them together or bringing
them into close proximity, usually no more
than a few centimeters.
• In 2004 Nokia, Philips and Sony established
the Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum.
• Lumia 620,920,820 ,samsung galaxy nexus etc.

3. N-mark logo for
Certified devices

4. BENEFITS AND FEATURES
• Maximum transfer bit rate of 800kbps.
• No special software is required.
• Operation at a frequency of 13.5 MHz
• No ethical concerns due to range

5. System Overview
• Hardware
– Transmitter
• PC interface (MAX232A)
• Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (POS+25)
• Power Amplifier (LM6181)
• Loop Antenna
– Receiver
• Loop Antenna
• Amplifier (LM6181)
• Phase Lock Loop (NE564)
• PC interface (MAX232A)

6. NFC VS BLUETOOTH
nfc bluetooth
SECURITY HIGH GOOD
DISTANCE ~10CM ~IMETRE
MODES ACTIVE/PASSIVE Active
Power <15mA <15mA
BW 800Kb/s 1mb/s
Frequency 13.56MHz 2.4-2.5GHz
Connection Point-point Pan
Set up time <0.1sec < 6sec

7. NFC TAGS
• Communication is also possible between an NFC
device and an unpowered NFC chip, called a "tag“.
• NFC tags contain data and are typically read-only
• NFC tags are traditionally embedded into pieces of
card, paper or flat pieces of plastic.
• Sony—smart tags
• RapidNFC manufactures and supplies NFC tags
around the world

8. How do I scan the NFC Tags with my
phone?
• If you have an NFC enabled phone you will need to go
into the settings and ensure NFC is switched on.
• Depending upon the brand of your phone and its
operating system will depend upon how you manage
and control the reading of tags on your phone,
however most will read tags without any additional
software (if NFC is switched on), but it may be required
to download software (often for free) from your
phones app store.
• Simply search for NFC, NFC Tag Reader/Writer to get
appropriate results.

9. NFC distinguishes two operation modes for communication: passive and
active mode.
Active Mode: In this mode, both devices are generating their own RF fields.
This would be in the case that two mobile devices are being used to exchange
data.
Passive Mode: In this mode, one of the devices generates the RF field and the
other device uses the field to power itself and communicate. The active
device is usually the “reader” and the passive device is the “tag”.

10. The 3 operational modes of NFC
• Card Emulation mode
• An NFC device in card emulation mode can
replace a contactless card or tag. This will
enable NFC devices to be used with existing
contactless card infrastructure in applications
such as ticketing, access control and
payments.

11. Reader/Writer mode
NFC enabled devices are able to read and write to NFC and many
contactless cards. For example, if a NFC tag is attached to a
poster, the NFC smartphone can "tap" the tag to access the
information stored in the tag (e.g. coupons, maps, product
information, etc) easy and conveniently.
Peer to Peer mode
Peer to peer mode enables two NFC devices to share data
between them. Due to the low transfer speed of NFC if large
amounts of data need to be sent, peer to peer mode can be used
to create a secondary high speed connection (handover) like
Bluetooth or WiFi

12. Exciting Ways NFC is Currently Being Utilized
• Parking Meters – Oakland and San Francisco have been
equipping their parking meters with NFC stickers. These
will allow drivers to use their phones to pay for their
parking. Drivers will also get a reminder when their parking
time runs out.
• Unlocking Doors – A company called Lockitron that uses
your phones NFC to unlock the door. You can also connect
the lock to your wifi network and remotely unlock the door
for friends and family.
• Boarding Passes - In October of 2012 – Japan Airlines
became the first commercial airline to offer NFC boarding
passes . Japan Airline’s Touch & Go system allows
passengers to tap their phones to pass through boarding
gates. When they tap the they will also be given the latest
information on seat changes, gate numbers, and boarding
times.

13. Oyster Card for travelling around London contains an NFC chip inside.
In order to automate tasks using your smartphone and NFC technology, you’ll
need an application such as NFC ReTAG (free, Android).
As of March 2006, all British passports have been issued with an electronic
NFC chip inside. This chip holds your personal information as well as facial
biometrics and is embedded into the back page of your passport.
As e-passport chips simply use a NFC technology, it is possible to use your
NFC-enabled smartphone to read your passport information. The NFC TagInfo
application for Android can be downloaded for free from Google Play and
supports e-passports. Simply place your NFC-enabled handset on your e-
passport to download your personal details and photograph.

14. • Programmable Stickers - You can purchase programmable
NFC stickers called Tec Tiles that will make your phone
execute certain tasks when they connect. Tapping your phone
to the sticker could change the volume ,Wi-Fi network, open
an app, pair Bluetooth devices, and more. You get to choose
what task the NFC sticker makes the phone execute. Maybe
you want the phone to go on silent when you get to your desk
at work.
• Share Photos, Videos & Business Cards
• If you’ve got an NFC-enabled handset running Android 4.0 Ice
Cream Sandwich or Android 4.1 Jelly Bean, it will support the
‘Android Beam’ feature. This allows you to transfer
multimedia files and information such as contact details by
tapping your handset onto another enabled device

15. Carry the Museum of London in your pocket
Last year Nokia teamed up with the Museum of London to use
NFC to bring the museum’s exhibitions to life. With just a tap you
can find out fabulous stories about the people and places in the
one of the world’s greatest cities.
Google Wallet holds your credit and debit cards, offers, and
rewards cards. With this latest release, you can use any card
from Visa, MasterCard, American Express, or Discover in
conjunction with the app.
To pay in-store, select the card you want to use, and then just
tap your phone to any contactless point of sale terminal.
Payment information is transmitted via near field
communication (NFC).

16. NFC IN INDIA
Madhya Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation is to use NFC to provide
tourists with information at heritage centres, The Times of India reports.
Fifteen PVR cinemas in India have implemented an NFC payments service
that works with BlackBerry 10 phones. The PVR wallet app lets moviegoers
pay for both tickets and refreshments via nfc.
India-based mobile phone makerKarbonn is to introduce mobile phones and
tablets with NFC capabilities in 2013.

17. New Delhi-based mobile wallet provider xpWallet has introduced an NFC ticketing solution for
bus and train operators that lets commuters purchase tickets from conductors equipped with NFC
phones. Travellers can either tell the conductor their destination and tap a contactless travel card
or NFC phone to the conductor's device to buy a ticket, or they can tap the conductor's phone on
both entry and exit so that the closed loop system can calculate and charge the right fare.
Delhi Metro tests NFC
Indian mass transportation operatorDelhi Metro Railway Corporationhas "started experimenting
with NFC-enabled cell phones" for ticketing, reports The Times of India. 1.6 million commuters
ride the Delhi Metro's 190km network every day.
Shah Rukh's " RA.One" is the first film in India to be marketed through Nokia's cutting-edge Near
Field Communications (NFC) technology on its new range of Symbian Belle smartphones - Nokia
700 and Nokia 701.
The company has set up exclusive "Ra.One" zones at over 400 Nokia Priority Partner outlets and
select multiplexes across the country. Consumers buying a Symbian Belle smartphone can get
exclusive content from the film such as images, applications, games, on-set exclusives and movie
promos by just tapping their devices on "Ra.One" NFC tags.

18. Security aspects
• Eavesdropping
An attacker can typically eavesdrop within 10m and 1m for active devices and
passive devices, res
Data modification
• It is easy to destroy data by using a jammer.
Man in the middle attacks.

19. thanks