The document provides background information on the Easter Rising of 1916 in Ireland. It discusses the roots of Irish unrest and failed rebellions leading up to 1916. It profiles the leaders of the 1916 uprising, Padraic Pearse and James Connolly. It describes the uprising itself, which lasted six days in Dublin and declared an Irish Republic. Though the rebellion was defeated, it garnered sympathy for the Irish cause and paved the way for continued resistance against British rule.

1. The Easter RisingApril 24, 1916Meghan Delaney

2. Roots of the RisingIreland has a history of unrestAll failed rebellions1798180318481867Uprising of 1916 was partly a continuation of these struggles

3. Roots of the RisingFutile push for Home RuleHome Rule Act of 1914

4. Roots of the RisingInfluence of the Gaelic Revival Irish society/culture was at is peak before the English arrived To return to that state, Ireland needs to be independent

5. Roots of the RisingInfluence of Gaelic RevivalAdmiration of ancient heroesFinn

6. Cuchulainn

7. “I care not though I were to live but one day and one night, if only my fame and my deeds live after me”LeadersPadraicPearseMain conspiratorSymbol of the Easter RisingPreferred a “short life with honor [to a] long life with dishonor.”

8. LeadersJames ConnollyFormed the Irish Citizen Army

9. The Uprising ItselfApril 24, 1916 – Easter MondayPearse and supporters took over the General Post OfficeDeclared themselves a provisional governmentRead the Proclamation of the Irish Republic

10. The Uprising ItselfThe Proclamation of the Irish Republic“We declare the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland, and to the unfettered control of Irish destinies, to be sovereign and indefeasible. The long usurpation of that right by a foreign people and government has not extinguished the right, nor can it ever be extinguished except by the destruction of the Irish people.”

11. The Uprising ItselfLasted only six daysRebels were outnumberedCivilians were not fully committed to rebellionWrongly predicted British reaction

12. The Uprising ItselfNot considered a failure by all“We succeeded in proving that Irishmen are ready to die endeavoring to win for Ireland those national rights....As long as that remains the case, the cause of Irish freedom is safe.” - James Connolly

13. Irish ResponseAfter the uprising, 15 of the leaders were executedGained the rebels sympathy and support from the people

14. Irish ResponseReflected in W.B Yeat’s poem “Easter, 1916”“I write it out in a verse -MacDonagh and MacBrideAnd Connolly and PearseNow and in time to be,Wherever green is worn,Are changed, changed utterly:A terrible beauty is born. “Irish ResponseCitizens now approved of the use of violencePaved the way for the Irish Republican Army

15. Works CitedEdwards, O. Dudley, and Fergus Pyle, eds. 1916: The Easter Rising. London: MacGibbon and Kee Ltd., 1968."Irish Proclamation of Independence." IOL. Web. 22 Oct. 2009. <http://www.iol.ie/~dluby/proclaim.htm>.Konnikova, Maria "Emerald Trials." Harvard International Review 24.2 (2002): 36. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 22 Oct. 2009.Litton, Helen. Irish Rebellions: 1798-1916, An Illustrated History. Dublin: Wolfhound Ltd., 1998.

16. Anglo-Irish War (1919-1921)Jonathan Dunn

17. The Sinn FéinPolitical party - RepublicWon majority in 1918Refused to attend WestminsterSet up the DáilÉireann (Irish Assembly)Eamon de Valera was PresidentBelieved to be responsible for the Easter Rising.They created a constitution

18. Irish Republican Army (IRA)Groups of young volunteersClosely associated with the Sinn FéinMichael Collins high positions in each.Used guerrilla tactics

19. IRA TacticsGuerilla warfareMain target was the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC).Gain weaponsDisrupt the RIC’s operations.

20. British TacticsBritain regarded IRA actions as terrorismThe RIC mainly responsible for suppressing IRA.Black and Tans later brought in to stop IRA.

21. Michael Collins (1890-1922)Born in County Cork, fought in Easter Rising.One of 73 Sinn Féin elected in 1918. Served minister of finance.Director of intelligence for IRA.Planned & organized IRA attacks against British.He used informants and spies within RIC to get information on important people.Shot to death during Irish Civil War in Cork.

22. Bloody SundayCollins planned assassination of 19 RIC intelligence officers on November 21st, 1920.British quickly responded by sending police into a football match and firing on the spectators. 12 civilians were killed.

23. The Black and TansBritish police force failing in suppressing IRA.Men aggressively recruited in England, mostly ex-military, specifically to end IRA violence.Eventually there were around 10,000 in Black and Tans.Known for viciousness and lack of discipline.

24. SourcesThe Anglo-Irish War. (2009). Retrieved October 22, 2009, from BBC - History: <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/aftermath/af04.shtml>.Michael Collins. (2009). Retrieved October 22, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/125817/Michael-Collins>.

25. Artistic InterpretationCarla Schmidt

26. The Wind that Shakes the BarleyReleased 2006Written by Paul LavertyDirected by Ken Loach“A sympathetic look atRepublicans in early 20th century Ireland” - IMDB description

27. The Wind that Shakes the BarleyDamien O’DonovanTeddy O’Donovan

28. The Wind that Shakes the BarleyIrish presented positivelyHospitality

29. The Wind that Shakes the BarleyIntelligentCompassionateUnwilling to kill

30. The Wind that Shakes the BarleyEnglish presented very negativeLoudBarbaricDestructive

31. The Wind that Shakes the Barley

32. The Wind that Shakes the Barley“Every time a colony wants independence, the questions on the agenda are: a) how do you get the imperialists out, and b) what kind of society do you build? There are usually the bourgeois nationalists who say, 'Let's just change the flag and keep everything as it was.' Then there are the revolutionaries who say, 'Let's change the property laws.' It's always a critical moment.” – Ken Loach, DirectorMost critical responses were positive

33. Michael CollinsReleased 1996Written & directed by Neil Jordan

34. Michael CollinsUrban GuerillaGentlemen, organizedSimilaritiesDividing brothersDifferencesEmpathy on both sides

35. Michael CollinsMichael CollinsEamon de ValeraIncredibly popular film

36. Works CitedMassey, Beth. "PSLweb: The Wind that Shakes the Barley' examines Ireland's national and class struggle ." PSLweb. 13 Apr 2007. Party for Socialism and Liberation, Web. 22 Oct 2009. <http://www.pslweb.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=6647& news_iv_ctrl=1861>.Merivirta-Chakrabarti, Raita. “Between Irish National Cinema and Hollywood: Neil Jordan’s Michael Collins”. CAIN Web Service. 2007. Access Research Knowledge, Web. 22 Oct 2009. <http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/estudiosirlandeses/merivirta07.pdf>.Michael Collins. Dir. Neil Jordan. Perfs. Liam Neeson, Aidan Quinn, Stephen Rea, Alan Rickman. Geffen Pictures, 1996.The Wind that Shakes the Barley. Dir. Ken Loach. Writ. Paul Laverty. Perfs. Cillian Murphy, Padraic Delaney. Matador Pictures, 2006.