1. SPEAKER
P.RAMESH
Ph.D. SCHOLAR
(ABC)

2. Biotechnology term was coined by “Karl Ereky” in 1919
“Any technological application that uses biological
systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to
make or modify products or processes for specific use”
(United Nation Convention on Biological
Diversity)

3. Applications:
It has applications in four major Industrial areas
Health Care (Medicine)
Crop Production
Food/Dairy production and
Other Products

4. NISIN (group N streptococcus Inhibitory Substance IN)
Bacteriocin Nisin discovered in England by Rogers and
Whittier in 1928
It is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus
lactis subsp. lactis
Effective bactericidal agent against Gram Positive
bacteria (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Listeria &
Mycobacterium)

6. Structurally, it is a 34 a.a polypeptide with a mass of
3500 Da
Unusual a.a lanthionine & mehtyllanthionine
Acid Tolerance
Thermo stability at low pH
Specific bactericidal mode of action
Nisin exits two variant (A and Z) differ by a single
a.a, Aspargine in Z & histidine in A at position 27

7. Nisin production affected by several cultural
factors
Producer of strain
Nutrient composition of media
pH
Temperatrue
Agitation
Aeration

8. A dramatic decrease in nisin level after reaching a peak
value
Solubility, stability & biological activity of nisin
dependent on pH of solution
At pH6.0 for high adsorption onto cell & pH 2.0 for
maximum release from cells
In fermentation process, at pH6.0 more than 80% nisin
released into medium, pH6.0 it is associated with
cellular membrane

9. It is an effective bactericidal agent against Grampositive bacteria & but not Gram-negative bacteria,
fungi & virus
Nisin forms pores that disrupt proton motive force
& causing leakage of ions & hydrolysis of ATP
results in cell death
It also interferes with cell synthesis to bind Lipid II

11. It is manufactured via fermentation of fluid milk or
whey by strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis
Resulting broth is subsequently concentrated &
separated, spray dried & milled to yield small
particles
Optimal nisin production usually requires complex
media & well controlled parameters
Commercial media is mostly recommended

12. Recommended media contains surplus of proteins
(Tryptone, Peptone, Meat extract, Yeast extract)
Search for cheaper formulation are attractive for
Nisin production such as: Whey, Sugar molasses &
mussel-processing wastes
(Deegam, et al., 2006)

13. It has been purified by using Bed ion exchange,
Immuno-affinity chromatography & RP-HPLC
(Li, et al., 2002)
Alternatively using organic solvents such as
Ethanol Methanol, Ammonium sulfate ppts & ppt
with acid solution pH2.0
(Yang, et al., 1992)

14. Now-a-days consumers prefers foods of high
quality, without chemical preservatives, safe &
long shelf life
(Kheadr, et al.,
Several bacteriocins from LAB, used as food 2007)
preservatives is still very limited
Pediocin is a anti-listerial activity & but they are
not currently approved as antimicrobial food
additives
(Devlieghere, et al., 2004)
But only NISIN is approved for food applications

15. Bacteriocin (Nisin) was first marketed in England
in 1953
It has been approved by FAO/WHO in 1969
Nisin as a food additive for processed cheese at
conc.12.5mg/kg of product
It also used in preservation of Dairy products,
Canned foods
(Ross, et al., 2002)

16. Nisin is relatively amphipatic because of inclusion of
hydrophobic residues
(Taylor, et al., 2007)
Its can’t be used as a Meat Preservation
Certain food additives (Sodium metabisulphite &
Titanium dioxide) have been shown to be antagonist to
nisin
(Delves.B, et al., 1996)
Liposome encapsulation of nisin & microparticles of
Calcium alginate
(Won, et al., 1997)

17. Liposome encapsulated Nisin were used in
(Colas et
Nutraceuticals, Cosmetics & Pharmaceuticals al., 2007)
Potential use of Therapeutic purposes in treatment of
Atopic Dermatitis, Stomach ulcers & Colon infections
(Dubois et al., 2003
It also control respiratory tract infections
Future development of a potent Vaginal Contraceptive
for humans
(Aranha et al., 2004)