Neuroborreliosis vs multiple scelrosis
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•717 views
Neuroborreliosis, also known as Lyme disease, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which can be transmitted to humans via tick bites. The document discusses the epidemiology, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of neuroborreliosis. Symptoms may include flu-like symptoms, rashes, joint pain, and neurological problems. Diagnosis involves testing for antibodies in blood and spinal fluid. Treatment consists of antibiotics like doxycycline or amoxicillin. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites by using repellent and checking for ticks after being outdoors.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Neuroborreliosis
Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is an infectious disorder of the nervous system caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium transmitted through tick bites. Common symptoms include headache, fatigue, neck and back pain, joint pain and swelling, and an EM rash. Diagnosis involves detecting B. burgdorferi antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Differential diagnoses include viral meningitis and multiple sclerosis. Treatment options include oral doxycycline or intravenous ceftriaxone or cefotaxime antibiotics. LNB has also been connected to neurological conditions like anxiety, depression and schizophrenia.
Encephlitis
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma that can be caused by viral infections. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and altered mental status ranging from confusion to coma. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated proteins in CSF. Treatment involves antivirals, managing increased intracranial pressure, and treating complications like seizures. Outcomes depend on virus virulence and patient factors, with risk of long-term neurological deficits and even death in severe cases. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for neurological changes, preventing injuries, and providing comfort throughout the illness and recovery process.
Nervous system ailments
A spinal injury can be very serious if it results in paralysis or damage to the spinal cord. For example, a broken neck that severs the connection between the brain and parts of the body below the injury site can cause quadriplegia.
Encephalitis explanation
1) Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is usually caused by a viral infection or the immune system mistakenly attacking brain tissue.
2) There are two main types - primary encephalitis occurs when a virus directly infects the brain, while secondary encephalitis occurs when an infection starts elsewhere and spreads to the brain.
3) Symptoms range from mild like fever and headache, to more severe such as confusion, seizures, and coma. Diagnosis involves tests of spinal fluid, imaging of the brain, and blood tests to identify the cause of infection or inflammation.
Injuries and diseases that affect the nervous system (lesson 9)
This document identifies and describes common injuries and diseases that can affect the nervous system. It discusses concussions, contusions, encephalitis, meningitis, rabies, epilepsy, amnesia, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson's disease. The objective is to help the reader understand these ailments and their symptoms. The document provides examples and evaluations to test understanding of these nervous system conditions.
Encephalitis
1) Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain that is usually caused by a viral infection. Children, the elderly, and those with weak immune systems are most at risk.
2) Diagnosis involves imaging tests like MRI and CT scans to view brain inflammation, as well as tests of cerebrospinal fluid and blood to identify potential viral causes.
3) Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the inflammation. Supportive care aims to help the body fight infection, while antiviral drugs may be given if a viral cause is identified.
Encephalitis & Nursing care
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that occurs when the brain is infected by a virus or other microorganism. There are two forms: primary encephalitis, caused by direct viral invasion of the brain, and postinfectious encephalitis, which develops after other viral illnesses. Common symptoms include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and behavioral changes. Diagnostic tests include EEG, CT scan, MRI, and CSF analysis. Treatment involves antiviral medications to fight the infection as well as medications to reduce fever and prevent seizures. Nurses monitor vital signs, neurological status, and provide comfort measures to reduce symptoms.
Encephalitis ppt
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is often caused by viral infections. It can cause brain tissue to swell and potentially damage nerve cells. Symptoms range from mild headaches and fever to more severe symptoms like seizures, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Treatment focuses on supportive care, relieving symptoms, and allowing the body to fight the infection. Hundreds of deaths from encephalitis occurred recently in India during a monsoon outbreak.
Recommended
Neuroborreliosis
Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is an infectious disorder of the nervous system caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium transmitted through tick bites. Common symptoms include headache, fatigue, neck and back pain, joint pain and swelling, and an EM rash. Diagnosis involves detecting B. burgdorferi antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Differential diagnoses include viral meningitis and multiple sclerosis. Treatment options include oral doxycycline or intravenous ceftriaxone or cefotaxime antibiotics. LNB has also been connected to neurological conditions like anxiety, depression and schizophrenia.
Encephlitis
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma that can be caused by viral infections. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and altered mental status ranging from confusion to coma. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated proteins in CSF. Treatment involves antivirals, managing increased intracranial pressure, and treating complications like seizures. Outcomes depend on virus virulence and patient factors, with risk of long-term neurological deficits and even death in severe cases. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for neurological changes, preventing injuries, and providing comfort throughout the illness and recovery process.
Nervous system ailments
A spinal injury can be very serious if it results in paralysis or damage to the spinal cord. For example, a broken neck that severs the connection between the brain and parts of the body below the injury site can cause quadriplegia.
Encephalitis explanation
1) Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is usually caused by a viral infection or the immune system mistakenly attacking brain tissue.
2) There are two main types - primary encephalitis occurs when a virus directly infects the brain, while secondary encephalitis occurs when an infection starts elsewhere and spreads to the brain.
3) Symptoms range from mild like fever and headache, to more severe such as confusion, seizures, and coma. Diagnosis involves tests of spinal fluid, imaging of the brain, and blood tests to identify the cause of infection or inflammation.
Injuries and diseases that affect the nervous system (lesson 9)
This document identifies and describes common injuries and diseases that can affect the nervous system. It discusses concussions, contusions, encephalitis, meningitis, rabies, epilepsy, amnesia, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson's disease. The objective is to help the reader understand these ailments and their symptoms. The document provides examples and evaluations to test understanding of these nervous system conditions.
Encephalitis
1) Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain that is usually caused by a viral infection. Children, the elderly, and those with weak immune systems are most at risk.
2) Diagnosis involves imaging tests like MRI and CT scans to view brain inflammation, as well as tests of cerebrospinal fluid and blood to identify potential viral causes.
3) Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the inflammation. Supportive care aims to help the body fight infection, while antiviral drugs may be given if a viral cause is identified.
Encephalitis & Nursing care
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that occurs when the brain is infected by a virus or other microorganism. There are two forms: primary encephalitis, caused by direct viral invasion of the brain, and postinfectious encephalitis, which develops after other viral illnesses. Common symptoms include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and behavioral changes. Diagnostic tests include EEG, CT scan, MRI, and CSF analysis. Treatment involves antiviral medications to fight the infection as well as medications to reduce fever and prevent seizures. Nurses monitor vital signs, neurological status, and provide comfort measures to reduce symptoms.
Encephalitis ppt
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is often caused by viral infections. It can cause brain tissue to swell and potentially damage nerve cells. Symptoms range from mild headaches and fever to more severe symptoms like seizures, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Treatment focuses on supportive care, relieving symptoms, and allowing the body to fight the infection. Hundreds of deaths from encephalitis occurred recently in India during a monsoon outbreak.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is commonly caused by viral infections. Some common viruses that can cause encephalitis include herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, enteroviruses, and mosquito-borne viruses. Symptoms of encephalitis can include fever, headache, seizures, and alterations in mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture, MRI, and tests to detect viruses in the cerebral spinal fluid. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include antiviral medications for viral infections.
Encephalitis
A 59-year-old German woman presented to the ER with symptoms of mental status changes including difficulty finding words and using incorrect words over the past 3 days, accompanied by mild loss of appetite and headache. Tests revealed inflammation in the brain and meninges, with HSV Type 1 detected in her cerebrospinal fluid by PCR. Her symptoms, MRI findings of left temporal lobe enhancement, and CSF profile were consistent with her diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Guillain-Barré Syndrome is an inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
It’s also called:
1. Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
2. Landry’s Ascending Paralysis
Gullian barre syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute polyneuropathic disorder that causes muscle weakness, loss of reflexes, and numbness in the limbs and face. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system. The symptoms can range from mild tingling to total paralysis. The disorder is usually triggered by a bacterial or viral infection. Treatment focuses on speeding recovery through measures like plasmapheresis, IVIG, respiratory therapy, and monitoring for complications like respiratory failure or paralysis. Nurses help manage symptoms, provide education, and address problems with mobility, swallowing, and sensation that arise due to the disease process.
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by persistent measles virus infection in the central nervous system. It typically presents with behavioral changes and seizures in children and young adults, around 6 years after primary measles infection. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on immunomodulation and antiviral therapies to slow progression, though the prognosis remains poor with death usually within 4 years.
Encephalitis
1. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma that presents as diffuse or focal neurological dysfunction. It is usually caused by a viral infection, though bacteria, fungi, and other causes can also produce encephalitis.
2. Common viruses that cause encephalitis include herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, mumps virus, measles virus, and West Nile virus. The virus enters the brain either through bloodstream spread or travel along neural pathways.
3. Symptoms of encephalitis include altered mental status, personality changes, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and headache. Diagnosis involves blood and CSF tests to identify infectious agents and brain imaging to examine abnormalities
Gullian barre syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by progressive muscle weakness. It is an autoimmune disorder caused by the immune system attacking the peripheral nervous system. Campylobacter infection is the most common precipitant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. There are different types including acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Miller Fisher syndrome. Treatment involves plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin to remove antibodies and improve symptoms.
Encephalitis
This document discusses viral encephalitis, including causes, presentation, investigations, treatment, and prognosis. It defines key terms like encephalitis, encephalopathy, and meningitis. Common causes of viral encephalitis are herpes viruses, enteroviruses, and paramyxoviruses. Herpes simplex virus type 1 is the most common cause in developed countries. Clinical presentation typically includes fever, headache, altered mental status, and seizures. Investigations may include MRI, EEG, and lumbar puncture. Prognosis depends on the virus but untreated herpes simplex encephalitis has a mortality over 70% and most survivors have neurological sequelae.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viral infections or autoimmune responses. It occurs most commonly in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Symptoms vary depending on age but may include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and long-term neurological complications. Diagnosis involves imaging, spinal fluid analysis, and blood tests to identify potential causes. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antiviral medications or antibiotics depending on the suspected cause. Outcomes range from full recovery to permanent neurological deficits and risk of death is highest in cases of prolonged coma or infection with herpes simplex virus.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an infection of the brain parenchyma that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa. There are several types of encephalitis including bacterial (such as from tuberculosis or neurosyphilis), viral (caused by viruses like herpes simplex), HIV encephalopathy, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Bacterial encephalitis usually results from meningitis. Brain abscesses can arise from direct implantation, local extension from nearby infections, or hematogenous spread. Viral encephalitis is usually preceded by infection elsewhere in the body and viruses reach the brain via blood or nerves. Histologic features include perivascular infiltrates and neuronophagia.
Neurosyphilis
Neurosyphilis occurs when the syphilis bacterium spreads to the central nervous system. The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is challenging due to a lack of gold standard tests and many controversies. Treatment involves intravenous penicillin, though alternatives exist. The prevalence of neurosyphilis is difficult to determine and management of patients who do not respond fully to treatment remains controversial.
Nervous system diseases
Meningococcal meningitis is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. It is spread through respiratory and throat secretions from coughing, kissing, or close contact. Common symptoms include fever, vomiting, lethargy, rashes, and headache. Treatment involves antibiotics such as penicillin. Vaccines can help prevent disease. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and spreads through prolonged skin contact with infected individuals. It can cause skin lesions and nerve damage. Rabies virus infects the central nervous system through animal bites. Symptoms include spasms, hydrophobia, and death. Encephalitis refers to brain inflammation often caused by viral infections spread through insect bites
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma that causes diffuse or focal neurological dysfunction. It is often caused by viral infections like herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus. Diagnostic workup includes imaging tests, lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and electroencephalography. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antiviral medications like acyclovir for suspected herpes infections. Prognosis depends on the cause, with viral causes generally having a better outlook than autoimmune or unknown causes.
Micro bio (viral encephalitis)
This document provides information on viral encephalitis, including causes, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, and prognosis. It discusses specific viral causes like herpes simplex virus. The typical presentation of viral encephalitis is an acute flu-like prodrome followed by high fever, severe headache, nausea, altered consciousness such as confusion, and potentially seizures or focal neurological signs. Investigations include blood tests, lumbar puncture of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis, imaging like MRI, and PCR testing of CSF for viruses. Treatment is generally aciclovir with supportive care. Prognosis can be poor if untreated but many patients still experience neurological sequelae.
GBS
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing muscle weakness and possible paralysis. It is usually preceded by a bacterial or viral infection. Symptoms include progressive muscle weakness starting in the legs and ascending over time. Diagnosis involves neurological exams, nerve conduction studies, and spinal fluid analysis. Treatment focuses on rehabilitation and managing symptoms, as there is no cure. Recovery can take several months but most patients do regain function over time.
Encephalitis - A deadly infection
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by infections, autoimmune responses, or other non-infectious causes. It results in substantial global morbidity and mortality. Viruses are the most common cause of infectious encephalitis. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting, and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves examination of cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging. While treatment depends on the underlying cause, supportive care and prevention of complications is important. Prompt investigation and diagnosis of suspected cases is crucial to reduce poor outcomes of this potentially devastating disease.
Gullian barre syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing muscle weakness and possible paralysis. It often follows a viral or bacterial infection. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the myelin sheath surrounding nerves. This damages nerve impulses and causes muscle weakness. Symptoms include progressive muscle weakness, numbness, pain, and difficulty walking or breathing. It can range from mild to life-threatening. The cause is unknown but molecular mimicry between infectious agents and nerve tissues may play a role.
Guillain barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system that results in muscle weakness and paralysis. It is caused by an autoimmune attack against the myelin sheath surrounding nerves. Symptoms include numbness and tingling in the extremities that progresses up the body. While most patients recover fully, treatment such as plasmapheresis or immunoglobulin therapy can help shorten recovery time from several months to weeks. GBS has several subtypes and is usually preceded by a viral or bacterial infection. Prognosis is generally good, though some permanent weakness may remain in a small percentage of cases.
Chronic Meningitis Dr. Shatdal Chaudhary
This document discusses chronic meningitis, including its definition, categories, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment. Chronic meningitis is defined as inflammation of the meninges lasting 4 or more weeks, and can be caused by infections, malignancies, or non-infectious inflammatory disorders. Common symptoms are nonspecific but related to anatomical location of inflammation. Diagnosis involves CSF analysis showing characteristics related to possible causes, along with serum tests, imaging, and biopsy if needed. Treatment depends on the identified etiological agent or involves empiric therapy.
Bacterial meningitis
Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the meninges caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Listeria monocytogenes. It can cause inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include headache, fever, stiff neck and photophobia. While it can be life threatening, many patients recover if treated early with antibiotics. Vaccines exist to help prevent certain strains but prompt medical care is still important for treatment.
Presentation1.pptx
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system in which the body's immune system attacks part of its peripheral nervous system. It can cause muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. The main symptoms include tingling or prickling sensations in the legs and arms followed by muscle weakness that spreads upwards from the lower extremities. While the exact cause is unknown, GBS is often triggered by a preceding infection. Diagnosis involves physical examination, lumbar puncture, electrodiagnostic studies, and ruling out other potential causes. Treatment focuses on immunotherapy such as intravenous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis.
inflamation of CNS, menigitis and its management
This document provides information on the nursing management of patients with meningitis and encephalitis. It defines meningitis as an inflammation of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain itself. The document outlines the signs and symptoms, causes, diagnostic process, potential complications, and treatment approaches for both conditions. It also provides detailed nursing assessments, interventions, and priorities of care for managing patients with meningitis or encephalitis, including monitoring for increased intracranial pressure, maintaining respiratory function, managing pain and anxiety, and supporting rehabilitation.
More Related Content
What's hot
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that is commonly caused by viral infections. Some common viruses that can cause encephalitis include herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, enteroviruses, and mosquito-borne viruses. Symptoms of encephalitis can include fever, headache, seizures, and alterations in mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture, MRI, and tests to detect viruses in the cerebral spinal fluid. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include antiviral medications for viral infections.
Encephalitis
A 59-year-old German woman presented to the ER with symptoms of mental status changes including difficulty finding words and using incorrect words over the past 3 days, accompanied by mild loss of appetite and headache. Tests revealed inflammation in the brain and meninges, with HSV Type 1 detected in her cerebrospinal fluid by PCR. Her symptoms, MRI findings of left temporal lobe enhancement, and CSF profile were consistent with her diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Guillain-Barré Syndrome is an inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
It’s also called:
1. Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
2. Landry’s Ascending Paralysis
Gullian barre syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute polyneuropathic disorder that causes muscle weakness, loss of reflexes, and numbness in the limbs and face. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system. The symptoms can range from mild tingling to total paralysis. The disorder is usually triggered by a bacterial or viral infection. Treatment focuses on speeding recovery through measures like plasmapheresis, IVIG, respiratory therapy, and monitoring for complications like respiratory failure or paralysis. Nurses help manage symptoms, provide education, and address problems with mobility, swallowing, and sensation that arise due to the disease process.
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by persistent measles virus infection in the central nervous system. It typically presents with behavioral changes and seizures in children and young adults, around 6 years after primary measles infection. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on immunomodulation and antiviral therapies to slow progression, though the prognosis remains poor with death usually within 4 years.
Encephalitis
1. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma that presents as diffuse or focal neurological dysfunction. It is usually caused by a viral infection, though bacteria, fungi, and other causes can also produce encephalitis.
2. Common viruses that cause encephalitis include herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, mumps virus, measles virus, and West Nile virus. The virus enters the brain either through bloodstream spread or travel along neural pathways.
3. Symptoms of encephalitis include altered mental status, personality changes, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and headache. Diagnosis involves blood and CSF tests to identify infectious agents and brain imaging to examine abnormalities
Gullian barre syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by progressive muscle weakness. It is an autoimmune disorder caused by the immune system attacking the peripheral nervous system. Campylobacter infection is the most common precipitant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. There are different types including acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Miller Fisher syndrome. Treatment involves plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin to remove antibodies and improve symptoms.
Encephalitis
This document discusses viral encephalitis, including causes, presentation, investigations, treatment, and prognosis. It defines key terms like encephalitis, encephalopathy, and meningitis. Common causes of viral encephalitis are herpes viruses, enteroviruses, and paramyxoviruses. Herpes simplex virus type 1 is the most common cause in developed countries. Clinical presentation typically includes fever, headache, altered mental status, and seizures. Investigations may include MRI, EEG, and lumbar puncture. Prognosis depends on the virus but untreated herpes simplex encephalitis has a mortality over 70% and most survivors have neurological sequelae.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viral infections or autoimmune responses. It occurs most commonly in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Symptoms vary depending on age but may include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and long-term neurological complications. Diagnosis involves imaging, spinal fluid analysis, and blood tests to identify potential causes. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antiviral medications or antibiotics depending on the suspected cause. Outcomes range from full recovery to permanent neurological deficits and risk of death is highest in cases of prolonged coma or infection with herpes simplex virus.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an infection of the brain parenchyma that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa. There are several types of encephalitis including bacterial (such as from tuberculosis or neurosyphilis), viral (caused by viruses like herpes simplex), HIV encephalopathy, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Bacterial encephalitis usually results from meningitis. Brain abscesses can arise from direct implantation, local extension from nearby infections, or hematogenous spread. Viral encephalitis is usually preceded by infection elsewhere in the body and viruses reach the brain via blood or nerves. Histologic features include perivascular infiltrates and neuronophagia.
Neurosyphilis
Neurosyphilis occurs when the syphilis bacterium spreads to the central nervous system. The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is challenging due to a lack of gold standard tests and many controversies. Treatment involves intravenous penicillin, though alternatives exist. The prevalence of neurosyphilis is difficult to determine and management of patients who do not respond fully to treatment remains controversial.
Nervous system diseases
Meningococcal meningitis is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. It is spread through respiratory and throat secretions from coughing, kissing, or close contact. Common symptoms include fever, vomiting, lethargy, rashes, and headache. Treatment involves antibiotics such as penicillin. Vaccines can help prevent disease. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and spreads through prolonged skin contact with infected individuals. It can cause skin lesions and nerve damage. Rabies virus infects the central nervous system through animal bites. Symptoms include spasms, hydrophobia, and death. Encephalitis refers to brain inflammation often caused by viral infections spread through insect bites
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma that causes diffuse or focal neurological dysfunction. It is often caused by viral infections like herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus. Diagnostic workup includes imaging tests, lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and electroencephalography. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antiviral medications like acyclovir for suspected herpes infections. Prognosis depends on the cause, with viral causes generally having a better outlook than autoimmune or unknown causes.
Micro bio (viral encephalitis)
This document provides information on viral encephalitis, including causes, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, and prognosis. It discusses specific viral causes like herpes simplex virus. The typical presentation of viral encephalitis is an acute flu-like prodrome followed by high fever, severe headache, nausea, altered consciousness such as confusion, and potentially seizures or focal neurological signs. Investigations include blood tests, lumbar puncture of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis, imaging like MRI, and PCR testing of CSF for viruses. Treatment is generally aciclovir with supportive care. Prognosis can be poor if untreated but many patients still experience neurological sequelae.
GBS
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing muscle weakness and possible paralysis. It is usually preceded by a bacterial or viral infection. Symptoms include progressive muscle weakness starting in the legs and ascending over time. Diagnosis involves neurological exams, nerve conduction studies, and spinal fluid analysis. Treatment focuses on rehabilitation and managing symptoms, as there is no cure. Recovery can take several months but most patients do regain function over time.
Encephalitis - A deadly infection
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by infections, autoimmune responses, or other non-infectious causes. It results in substantial global morbidity and mortality. Viruses are the most common cause of infectious encephalitis. Symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting, and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves examination of cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging. While treatment depends on the underlying cause, supportive care and prevention of complications is important. Prompt investigation and diagnosis of suspected cases is crucial to reduce poor outcomes of this potentially devastating disease.
Gullian barre syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing muscle weakness and possible paralysis. It often follows a viral or bacterial infection. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the myelin sheath surrounding nerves. This damages nerve impulses and causes muscle weakness. Symptoms include progressive muscle weakness, numbness, pain, and difficulty walking or breathing. It can range from mild to life-threatening. The cause is unknown but molecular mimicry between infectious agents and nerve tissues may play a role.
Guillain barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system that results in muscle weakness and paralysis. It is caused by an autoimmune attack against the myelin sheath surrounding nerves. Symptoms include numbness and tingling in the extremities that progresses up the body. While most patients recover fully, treatment such as plasmapheresis or immunoglobulin therapy can help shorten recovery time from several months to weeks. GBS has several subtypes and is usually preceded by a viral or bacterial infection. Prognosis is generally good, though some permanent weakness may remain in a small percentage of cases.
Chronic Meningitis Dr. Shatdal Chaudhary
This document discusses chronic meningitis, including its definition, categories, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment. Chronic meningitis is defined as inflammation of the meninges lasting 4 or more weeks, and can be caused by infections, malignancies, or non-infectious inflammatory disorders. Common symptoms are nonspecific but related to anatomical location of inflammation. Diagnosis involves CSF analysis showing characteristics related to possible causes, along with serum tests, imaging, and biopsy if needed. Treatment depends on the identified etiological agent or involves empiric therapy.
Bacterial meningitis
Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the meninges caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Listeria monocytogenes. It can cause inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include headache, fever, stiff neck and photophobia. While it can be life threatening, many patients recover if treated early with antibiotics. Vaccines exist to help prevent certain strains but prompt medical care is still important for treatment.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Neuroborreliosis vs multiple scelrosis
Presentation1.pptx
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system in which the body's immune system attacks part of its peripheral nervous system. It can cause muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. The main symptoms include tingling or prickling sensations in the legs and arms followed by muscle weakness that spreads upwards from the lower extremities. While the exact cause is unknown, GBS is often triggered by a preceding infection. Diagnosis involves physical examination, lumbar puncture, electrodiagnostic studies, and ruling out other potential causes. Treatment focuses on immunotherapy such as intravenous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis.
inflamation of CNS, menigitis and its management
This document provides information on the nursing management of patients with meningitis and encephalitis. It defines meningitis as an inflammation of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain itself. The document outlines the signs and symptoms, causes, diagnostic process, potential complications, and treatment approaches for both conditions. It also provides detailed nursing assessments, interventions, and priorities of care for managing patients with meningitis or encephalitis, including monitoring for increased intracranial pressure, maintaining respiratory function, managing pain and anxiety, and supporting rehabilitation.
GBS UPDATE.pptx
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy that causes weakness and diminished reflexes as the immune system attacks the nerves. It is usually preceded by a viral or bacterial infection. There are different subtypes depending on whether the myelin sheath or axons are affected. Diagnosis involves physical exam, lumbar puncture showing elevated proteins, and electrodiagnostic studies. Treatment involves plasma exchange or IV immunoglobulin to modulate the immune system. Most patients require hospitalization but most make a full recovery, though some experience long-term weakness or paralysis.
Gullian barrie syndrome (gbs)
This presentation provides an overview of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). GBS is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system, resulting in demyelination or axonal damage. The presentation defines GBS, discusses its epidemiology and etiology, outlines its clinical features and types, describes the pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria, and reviews treatment and nursing management approaches. The goal is to educate on GBS, from its definition and causes to symptoms, diagnosis, and strategies for care.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues. It most commonly affects women aged 15-40. The exact causes are unknown but genetics, viruses, sunlight, and some drugs may play a role. Symptoms vary but can include rashes, joint pain, fatigue, and organ inflammation. Diagnosis involves blood tests and potentially biopsies. Treatment focuses on rest, sun protection, medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants to control disease activity and prevent organ damage. Nursing care aims to manage symptoms, prevent infections, and educate patients.
neuroglial cells
very useful for MBBS aspirants.
created by teachers havig 30 yrs of experience.
the content is all original
Multiple sclerosis- Sushila [Autosaved].ppt
This document provides an overview of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), including its definition, pathophysiology, types, symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, nursing management, complications, and references. MS is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that results in destruction of myelin sheath. It can cause a variety of symptoms such as fatigue, numbness, vision problems, and impaired mobility. Diagnosis involves MRI, lumbar puncture, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment focuses on modifying the disease course, managing symptoms, and rehabilitation. Nursing care is aimed at promoting function and minimizing complications.
Meningitis
Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges, usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The most common causes of bacterial meningitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Viral meningitis can be caused by enteroviruses, arboviruses, influenza, herpes simplex virus, and others. If not treated promptly, meningitis can lead to brain swelling and permanent disability, coma, or death. Diagnosis involves blood and spinal fluid tests, and imaging of the brain. Treatment requires intravenous antibiotics for at
CIDP.pptx
This document discusses Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP), an acquired immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system. It causes damage to the protective myelin sheath surrounding nerves. CIDP symptoms include progressive or relapsing limb weakness and sensory disturbances. Diagnosis involves electrodiagnostic tests, bloodwork, lumbar puncture and nerve biopsy. Treatment focuses on slowing the immune system through corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange or immunotherapy. The goal is to prevent nerve damage and stop symptoms from becoming severe.
MENINGITIS.pdf
micro teaching on meningitis, cause, pathophysiology, sign and symptoms, classification and nursing care.
Kedir (Encephalitis).pptx
The document presents a seminar on encephalitis, defining it as inflammation of the brain and describing its main types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment including pharmacological and nursing management, complications, and prevention methods. Encephalitis is usually caused by a viral infection but can also be caused by bacteria, and symptoms may include fever, headache, nausea, and confusion.
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive disease that affects the central nervous system through demyelination of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. It usually develops between the ages of 15-50 and affects women more than men. The cause is unknown but is likely related to genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms vary between individuals and can include motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and MRI evidence of lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing relapse.
Multiple sclerosis
Here is very good and amazing presentation on Multiple sclerosis ..its about brain
read this carefully and work on this because the work on brain is very good for future research...
Menigitis final.ppt medical surgical nursing
Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Bacterial meningitis is the most severe form and requires immediate medical treatment with antibiotics to prevent permanent brain damage or death. Nursing care involves frequent assessment of neurological status, managing fever and pain, maintaining fluid balance, and promoting mobility once the infection resolves. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to manage meningitis effectively.
Lyme disease
1) The patient, a 41-year-old male, has been feeling drunk and unable to walk properly or think clearly for several weeks.
2) Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks.
3) The presentation of symptoms depends on the stage of infection, ranging from a bullseye rash in the early localized stage to neurological or heart problems in later disseminated stages.
Guillain-Barre syndrome.pptx
Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder that attacks the peripheral nervous system. It causes muscle weakness and paralysis. Common symptoms include numbness and tingling in the legs and arms that spreads upwards. While there is no cure, treatments like plasma exchange and immunoglobulin therapy can speed recovery, with most patients regaining the ability to walk independently within months. Risk factors include certain viral or bacterial infections, though the cause is not fully understood.
Meningitis
Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Common causes include bacteria like pneumococcus, meningococcus, and viruses like enterovirus. Symptoms include severe headache, fever, neck stiffness, nausea, and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves examination, history, and evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics for bacterial infections and medications to reduce swelling and control seizures. Prevention involves vaccines for common causes.
Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS)
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare disorder where the immune system damages nerve cells, causing muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. Early symptoms include tingling and weakness in the extremities. While most people recover fully, some have long-term nerve damage. GBS is triggered by infections and affects people of all ages. Treatment involves plasma exchange or immunoglobulin therapy to reduce severity and speed recovery.
Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) slide share
GBS means Guillain Barre syndrome a disease of neurological system. It often begins with tingling sensation and weakens from the legs and radiating to upper body and arms. there is no known cure for GBS, but treatments can improve symptoms and shorten its duration.
Neuromuscular Diseases medicine Seminar.pptx
Neuromuscular diseases involve injury or dysfunction of peripheral nerves or muscles. They can affect the cell bodies, axons, Schwann cells, or neuromuscular junction. The main categories of neuromuscular diseases are peripheral nerve disorders, motor neuron disease, neuromuscular junction disease, and muscle disease. Peripheral neuropathies can be classified as polyneuropathies or mononeuropathies. Common polyneuropathies include diabetic neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Motor neuron diseases primarily include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Myasthenia gravis is the most common neuromuscular junction disease. Muscular dyst
Similar to Neuroborreliosis vs multiple scelrosis (20)
Recently uploaded
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...chandankumarsmartiso
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun Women Seeking Service
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeProf. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Recently uploaded (20)
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Neuroborreliosis vs multiple scelrosis
- 2. Objectives • Neuroborreliosis • Epidemiology • Complication • Multiple Sclerosis • Neuroborreliosis v.s M.S • Diagnosis • Clinical features • Treatment • Prevention
- 3. Neuroborreliosis Lyme disease (Neuroborreliosis ) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi . Lyme disease can be transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick.
- 4. What is Borreliosis? • The genus Borrelia is a member of the larger family of spiral-shaped bacteria called Spirochaetes and the bacteria can be termed as a Borreliosis.
- 5. Cont… • There are many species of Borrelia bacteria worldwide, but not all of them cause the disease. • There are only 3 species that known to cause the disease: 1- Borrelia burgdorferi. 2- Borrelia afzelii. 3- Borrelia garinii.
- 6. Symptoms • Flu-like. • Erythema migrans (EM) Rash. • Headache. • Stiff neck. • Muscle pain. • Tender glands • sensitivity to temperature ,sound and light levels
- 7. Con… • Extreme tiredness. • Muscle weakness. • Joint pain. • Upset digestive system. • Disturbances of the central nervous system • Sleep problems.
- 8. Con…
- 9. Epidemiology
- 10. Risk Factors • Spending time in wooded or grassy areas. • Having exposed skin. • Not removing ticks promptly or properly.
- 11. Complications • Chronic joint inflammation (Lyme arthritis) commonly in the knee. • Neurological symptoms, such as facial palsy and neuropathy. • Cognitive defects, such as impaired memory. • Heart rhythm irregularities
- 14. *Golden Key Mutable SclerosisLyme Disease Effect only the CNS UMN IgG oligoclonal band in the CSF Parathesia (transit) not sever pain and not persist Effect the CNS,PNS UMN, LMN Present with organism antibody ( IgM, IgG) in the CSF Sever burning pain
- 15. Diagnosis • Clinical features. • IgM antibodies detected in the 1st month. • IgG late in the disease. • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). • CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- 16. Clinical Features Skin stage :present with erythmea migrans. Associate with fever and headache Neurologic and cardiac stage Chronic Arthritis stage Several day to weeks or months If not treated
- 18. Treatment • Antibacterial tablet ( Amoxicillin, doxycycline) • Intravenous administration of ceftriaxone, cefotaxim or benzyl-pienicillin.
- 19. Prevention • Wear long pants and long sleeves. • Use insect repellents. • Do your best to tick-proof your yard. • Check yourself, your children and your pets for ticks. • Don't assume you're immune. • Remove a tick as soon as possible.
- 20. References • 111-120, 130 1478-1481 352 156-161 • http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/lyme-disease/basics. • http://www.lymediseaseaction.org.uk
- 22. Thank You