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Network Security Bijendra Jain (bnj@cse.iitd.ernet.in)
Lecture 1: Introduction
Top-level issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Security threats ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Security services ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Security mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lecture 2: Symmetric-key encryption
Cryptographic systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Symmetric cryptographic system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Secret key, K Encrypt E K (X) Decrypt D K (X) Crypt-analysis X Y X K K Secure channel Insecure channel
Asymmetric cryptographic system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Key generation, management Encrypt E K (X) Decrypt D K (X) Crypt-analysis X Y X K 1 K 2 Insecure channel
Symmetric encryption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Substitution cipher ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Transposition cipher ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Decrypt D K (X) P1 K C1 Encypt E K (X) C1 K P1
DES encryption algorithm Initial permutation Round 1 Round 2 Round 16 32-bit swap Inverse permute K1 K2 K16 Permuted key Permuted key Permuted key Left circular shift Left circular shift Left circular shift Permuted key 64-bit plaintext 64-bit ciphertext 56-bit key
Cipher Block Chaining ,[object Object],[object Object],Encrypt E K (X) C1 IV K + P1 Encrypt E K (X) C2 + P2 K Decrypt D K (X) P1 IV K + C1 P2 C2 Decrypt D K (X) K +
Strength of DES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Double-DES ,[object Object],Decrypt E K2 (X) X K2 Encypt E K1 (X) C P K1
Double-DES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Triple-DES ,[object Object],Decrypt E K2 (X) X1 K2 Encypt E K1 (X) C P K1 X2 Decrypt E K3 (X) K3
IDEA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RC5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blowfish ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary: symmetric key encryption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Application to confidentiality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Link-level vs. end-to-end confidentiality Host A Host B R R R Link-level enrypt/ decrypt End-to-end enrypt/ decrypt
Link-level vs. end-to-end confidentiality Link-level encryption End-to-end encryption Security within nodes, hosts Exposed in intermediate nodes Exposed in end hosts Encrypted in intermediate nodes Encrypted/Decrypted by end hosts Role of end devices, intermediate nodes Intermediate nodes require encryption One key for each link Done in hardware Only end hosts need encryption One key per session/connection Perhaps done in software
Traffic confidentiality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key distribution ,[object Object]
Key distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thanks

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Network security

  • 1. Network Security Bijendra Jain (bnj@cse.iitd.ernet.in)
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  • 15. DES encryption algorithm Initial permutation Round 1 Round 2 Round 16 32-bit swap Inverse permute K1 K2 K16 Permuted key Permuted key Permuted key Left circular shift Left circular shift Left circular shift Permuted key 64-bit plaintext 64-bit ciphertext 56-bit key
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  • 26. Link-level vs. end-to-end confidentiality Host A Host B R R R Link-level enrypt/ decrypt End-to-end enrypt/ decrypt
  • 27. Link-level vs. end-to-end confidentiality Link-level encryption End-to-end encryption Security within nodes, hosts Exposed in intermediate nodes Exposed in end hosts Encrypted in intermediate nodes Encrypted/Decrypted by end hosts Role of end devices, intermediate nodes Intermediate nodes require encryption One key for each link Done in hardware Only end hosts need encryption One key per session/connection Perhaps done in software
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