NEWS
WHAT’S NEW NOW
Why 2015 May Be the Year
We Solve Net Neutrality
BY CHLOE ALBANESIUS
T
he Internet is an amazing innovation that has transformed the world as
we know it. But how do we keep it open and accessible to all? Can
Internet service providers be trusted to police themselves and let
competition guide the way? Or should regulators step in and set up rules of the
road to ensure equal access to the Web?
These questions have been plaguing regulators and ISPs alike for years now,
but it’s looking as though there’s the possibility that in 2015 the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) will finally issue rules that actually stick.
And the agency might get there by taking a very controversial route.
OPEN
NET NEUTRALITY?
You’ve probably heard the term “net neutrality.”
Perhaps your eyes glazed over as politicians droned on
about “Internet fast lanes” or “protecting the Internet.”
But what are they talking about? The Internet seems to
be working just fine, right?
Therein lies the dilemma. The Internet does indeed
work quite well, but there are those who are concerned
that that might not always be the case. Net neutrality,
therefore, is the idea that everyone should have equal
access to the Internet. Amazon, for example, should not
be able to pay for Amazon.com to load faster than
eBay.com or Etsy.com. ISPs, meanwhile, are at liberty
to speed up (or slow down) their entire networks, but
they cannot cut off access to one particular website or
platform (such as Netflix) because those sites are eating
up a ton of bandwidth.
In theory, all parties in the net neutrality debate are in
agreement about those basic tenets. But they disagree
over whether the government needs to step in and
monitor the situation. If you ask the ISPs, they are fully
capable of policing themselves and would never actively
break the rules of net neutrality because they would lose
customers. They also argue that requiring them to
follow onerous rules would make them less inclined to
invest in new technologies—like gigabit Internet—for
fear that they would not be able to run their networks as
they please.
On the other side, though, are consumer groups and
certain lawmakers who point to examples of ISPs
behaving badly. In fact, the modern-day net neutrality
debate started with accusations that Comcast was
cutting off access to peer-to-peer networks such as
BitTorrent during peak times in order to better manage
its network. Meanwhile, consumers in many cities do
not have multiple options when it comes to high-speed
Internet providers, meaning if they don’t like their
Internet speeds or service, they’re stuck.
The Internet
does indeed
work quite
well, but there
are those who
are concerned
that that
might not
always be
the case.
COMCAST VS. THE FCC
The net neutrality battle royal dates back to 2007, when
Comcast was accused of cutting off access to P2P
networks. Comcast admitted to delaying traffic durin ...
lecture on the politics of net neutrality, to be delivered in Noriko Hara's graduate seminar at Indiana University, School of Library and Information Science, on November 12, 2013
THIS IS AN ARTICLE PLEASE GIVE ANSWERS FOR THE QUESTIONS (THE PROBLE.pdfinfo824691
THIS IS AN ARTICLE PLEASE GIVE ANSWERS FOR THE QUESTIONS (THE
PROBLEM)
Closing Case Network Neutrality Wars
The explosive growth of streaming video and mobile technologies is creating bandwidth
problems over the Internet. The Internet was designed to transmit content such as e-mails and
Web pages. However, media items being transmitted across the Internet today, such as high-
definition movies, are vastly larger in size. To compound this problem, there are (in early 2015)
over 180 million smartphone users in the United States, many of whom use the Internet to stream
video content to their phones. The Internet bandwidth issue is as much about economics as it is
about technology. Currently, consumers can send 1-kilobyte e-mails or watch the latest 30-
gigabyte movie on their large-screen televisions for the same monthly broadband fee. Unlike the
system used for power and water bills where higher usage results in higher fees, monthly
broadband fees are not tied to consumer usage. A study from Juniper Networks
(www.juniper.net) highlights this “revenue-per-bit” problem. The report predicts that Internet
revenue for carriers such as AT&T (www.att.com) and Comcast (www.comcast.com) will grow
by 5 percent per year through 2020. At the same time, Internet traffic will increase by 27 percent
annually, meaning that carriers will have to increase their bandwidth investment by 20 percent
per year just to keep up with demand. Under this model, the carrier’s business models will face
pressures, because their total necessary investment will exceed revenue growth. Few industry
analysts expect carriers to stop investing in new capacity. Nevertheless, analysts agree that a
financial crunch is coming. As Internet traffic soars, analysts expect revenue per megabit to
decrease. These figures translate into a far lower return on investment (ROI). Although carriers
can find ways to increase their capacity, it will be difficult for them to reap any revenue benefits
from doing so. The heart of the problem is that, even if the technology is equal to the task of
transmitting huge amounts of data, no one is sure how to pay for these technologies. One
proposed solution is to eliminate network neutrality. (A POSSIBLE SOLUTION)Network
neutrality is an operating model under which Internet service providers (ISPs) must allow
customers equal access to content and applications, regardless of the source or nature of the
content. That is, Internet backbone carriers must treat all Web traffic equally, not charging
different rates by user, content, site, platform, or application. Telecommunications and cable
companies want to replace network neutrality with an arrangement in which they can charge
differentiated prices based on the amount of bandwidth consumed by the content that is being
delivered over the Internet. These companies believe that differentiated pricing is the most
equitable method by which they can finance the necessary investments in their network
infrastructures. .
lecture on the politics of net neutrality, to be delivered in Noriko Hara's graduate seminar at Indiana University, School of Library and Information Science, on November 12, 2013
THIS IS AN ARTICLE PLEASE GIVE ANSWERS FOR THE QUESTIONS (THE PROBLE.pdfinfo824691
THIS IS AN ARTICLE PLEASE GIVE ANSWERS FOR THE QUESTIONS (THE
PROBLEM)
Closing Case Network Neutrality Wars
The explosive growth of streaming video and mobile technologies is creating bandwidth
problems over the Internet. The Internet was designed to transmit content such as e-mails and
Web pages. However, media items being transmitted across the Internet today, such as high-
definition movies, are vastly larger in size. To compound this problem, there are (in early 2015)
over 180 million smartphone users in the United States, many of whom use the Internet to stream
video content to their phones. The Internet bandwidth issue is as much about economics as it is
about technology. Currently, consumers can send 1-kilobyte e-mails or watch the latest 30-
gigabyte movie on their large-screen televisions for the same monthly broadband fee. Unlike the
system used for power and water bills where higher usage results in higher fees, monthly
broadband fees are not tied to consumer usage. A study from Juniper Networks
(www.juniper.net) highlights this “revenue-per-bit” problem. The report predicts that Internet
revenue for carriers such as AT&T (www.att.com) and Comcast (www.comcast.com) will grow
by 5 percent per year through 2020. At the same time, Internet traffic will increase by 27 percent
annually, meaning that carriers will have to increase their bandwidth investment by 20 percent
per year just to keep up with demand. Under this model, the carrier’s business models will face
pressures, because their total necessary investment will exceed revenue growth. Few industry
analysts expect carriers to stop investing in new capacity. Nevertheless, analysts agree that a
financial crunch is coming. As Internet traffic soars, analysts expect revenue per megabit to
decrease. These figures translate into a far lower return on investment (ROI). Although carriers
can find ways to increase their capacity, it will be difficult for them to reap any revenue benefits
from doing so. The heart of the problem is that, even if the technology is equal to the task of
transmitting huge amounts of data, no one is sure how to pay for these technologies. One
proposed solution is to eliminate network neutrality. (A POSSIBLE SOLUTION)Network
neutrality is an operating model under which Internet service providers (ISPs) must allow
customers equal access to content and applications, regardless of the source or nature of the
content. That is, Internet backbone carriers must treat all Web traffic equally, not charging
different rates by user, content, site, platform, or application. Telecommunications and cable
companies want to replace network neutrality with an arrangement in which they can charge
differentiated prices based on the amount of bandwidth consumed by the content that is being
delivered over the Internet. These companies believe that differentiated pricing is the most
equitable method by which they can finance the necessary investments in their network
infrastructures. .
Network neutrality has been at the center of intense political discussions about Internet regulation. Net neutrality is the principle that all content on the Internet should be equally available to users without discrimination by service providers. Establishing legal protections for net neutrality is a necessary component to providing equitable access to online educational materials and services.
Read the Case Study Below. Answer the questions. Paper must be a pag.docxapatrick3
Read the Case Study Below. Answer the questions. Paper must be a page and a half
Interactive Session: Organizations The Battle Over Net Neutrality What kind of Internet user are you? Do you primarily use the Net to do a little e-mail and online banking? Or are you online all day, watching YouTube videos, downloading music files, or playing online games? Do you use your iPhone to stream TV shows and movies on a regular basis? If you’re a power Internet or smartphone user, you are consuming a great deal of bandwidth. Could hundreds of millions of people like you start to slow the Internet down? Video streaming on Netflix accounts for 32 percent of all bandwidth use in the United States, and Google’s YouTube for 19 percent of Web traffic at peak hours. If user demand overwhelms network capacity, the Internet might not come to a screeching halt, but users could face sluggish download speeds and video transmission. Heavy use of iPhones in urban areas such as New York and San Francisco has already degraded service on the AT&T wireless network. AT&T reported that 3 percent of its subscriber base accounted for 40 percent of its data traffic. Internet service providers (ISPs) assert that network congestion is a serious problem and that expanding their networks would require passing on burdensome costs to consumers. These companies believe differential pricing methods, which include data caps and metered use—charging based on the amount of bandwidth consumed—are the fairest way to finance necessary investments in their network infrastructures. But metering Internet use is not widely accepted, because of an ongoing debate about net neutrality. Net neutrality is the idea that Internet service providers must allow customers equal access to content and applications, regardless of the source or nature of the content. Presently, the Internet is neutral: all Internet traffic is treated equally on a first-come, first-served basis by Internet backbone owners. However, this arrangement prevents telecommunications and cable companies from charging differentiated prices based on the amount of bandwidth consumed by the content being delivered over the Internet. The strange alliance of net neutrality advocates includes MoveOn.org; the Christian Coalition; the American Library Association; data-intensive Web businesses such as Netflix, Amazon, and Google; major consumer groups; and a host of bloggers and small businesses. Net neutrality advocates argue that differentiated pricing would impose heavy costs on heavy bandwidth users such as YouTube, Skype, and other innovative services, preventing high-bandwidth startup companies from gaining traction. Net neutrality supporters also argue that without net neutrality, ISPs that are also cable companies, such as Comcast, might block online streaming video from Netflix or Hulu in order to force customers to use the cable company’s on-demand movie rental services. Network owners believe regulation to enforce net neutralit.
Net Neutrality PPT presentation in MIS 3305 on Oct. 13, 2015. Explanation is needed for various slides. However, this slide show presents an overview of what net neutrality is, how the internet works, how ISPs have throttled content providers data traveling through their networks, and the FCC's ruling over the issue.
C5-1 CASE STUDY 5NET NEUTRALITYFew issues related to.docxRAHUL126667
C5-1
CASE STUDY 5
NET NEUTRALITY
Few issues related to business use of the Internet have spurred as much
heated debate as Net Neutrality. At the heart of the Net Neutrality debate is
the idea that Internet access providers should not discriminate with regard
to what applications an individual can use or interact with over the Internet.
Advocates of Net Neutrality contend that individual freedom to use of the
Internet extends to the content uploads or downloads. They also believe that
individuals acquiring services from Internet access providers should be able
to use the applications and devices of their choice, and be allowed to interact
with the content of their choice anywhere on the Internet.
The concept of Net Neutrality is grounded in traditional “common
carriage” concepts. Because carriers of goods, people, and information can
be considered common carriers, common carriage concepts have been
applied to trains, planes, buses, and telephone companies. Common carriage
principles embody the ideal that the efficient movement of goods and
information is essential to our economy, nation, and culture, and therefore
carriers must not discriminate against or favor particular individuals or
content.
If common carriers are truly public goods, it can be argued that these
modes of conveyance should not discriminate with regard to what they carry
or where they carry it. This also means that the carrier should not be held
liable for carrying things that may be harmful. For example, if a terrorist
C5-2
uses a subway to travel to the site of a terrorist act, the subway cannot be
sued for being complicit in terrorism.
Telecommunication carriers have been classified as common carriers for
more than 100 years, dating back to the early days of the telegraph. Nearly
half a century has passed since the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) determined that the telephone network should be an open platform
over which computer networks can be created. As a result of the
Carterphone case, the FCC resolved that individuals had the right to attach
devices of their choosing to the telephone network [BOSW12]. This opened
the door for data communication devices such as fax machines and modems
to be attached to telephone lines, thereby making it possible to create
computer networks over the telephone network. In essence, court and
regulatory rulings in the U.S. created an environment that fostered the idea
that computer networks could be constructed to go anywhere the telephone
network could take them using devices that could carry just about any type
of content. The decisions made by courts and regulatory agencies that
opened the door for telephone networks to carry data generated by
computers were largely consistent with traditional common carriage
concepts. However, the emergence of the World Wide Web and the
increased popularity of broadband access that it generated added a ...
CASE STUDY -1 BA 633 Information Systems Inf.docxhallettfaustina
CASE STUDY -1
BA 633: Information Systems Infrastructure.
Prof: Fred Rose.
NET NEUTRALITY
Anvesh Veldandi
Student no: 558046.
1. This case focuses on the Net Neutrality debate in the United States. Do some Internet research on international
views of Net Neutrality and summarize how views of this issue differ within and across other countries.
Network neutrality has been a contentious issue in the United States for several years, but is increasingly debated
elsewhere, with the EU, several European countries, and the Japanese government all examining the issue.
Net neutrality does not have a single, unanimously accepted definition even within, let alone across, countries.
Nevertheless, proponents of net neutrality generally believe that a structure in which the Internet’s intelligence lies
primarily at the edges of the network, with the edges connected by relatively “dumb pipes” is responsible for the
Internet’s diversity and innovation. They fear that without some regulation broadband providers may discriminate in
favor of their own or sponsored applications, or might degrade traffic to sites that do not pay for better quality of
service tiers.
Net neutrality debates in the U.S. have focused primarily on regulations regarding how broadband providers could
price and manage traffic on their networks. The debate in Europe, has generally focused instead on the role
unbundling mandatory network sharing can play in keeping networks neutral. Unbundling
proponents argue that if the infrastructure provider does not offer retail services or is only one of many retailers
offering service over its infrastructure it will have less incentive to discriminate in favor of or against particular
content. Unbundling opponents typically do not discuss it in the context of net neutrality, but note that it can reduce
incentives to invest in the underlying infrastructure. This paper first examines the net neutrality debate in countries
other than United States. It explores net neutrality in the U.K., France, Denmark, the Netherlands,
Germany, Sweden, South Korea, and Japan. Because net neutrality is another type of mandatory network sharing
and because unbundling is a key component of the EU’s general response to net neutrality, the second part of the
paper uses a new dataset to test empirically the effects of unbundling on investment in fiber-to-the-home.
The net neutrality debate began in other countries much later than it began in the U.S. Most European countries
embrace the general idea of net neutrality. While they address the issue differently, most have so far stated that
unbundling combined with rules governing firms with significant market power, rather than specific n ...
D E C E M B E R 2 0 0 8E D I T E D B Y D L A P I P E R.docxalanrgibson41217
D E C E M B E R 2 0 0 8
E D I T E D B Y D L A P I P E R
Sascha D. Meinrath and Victor
W. Pickard
T
he past few years have witnessed a once-obscure issue
known as “net neutrality” blow up into arguably
the most publicized policy debate in US telecom-
munications history. An untold story is how this
relatively technical debate spilled outside the rarefied
airs of Congressional Committees and the Federal
Communications Commission’s (FCC’s) eighth floor to
rage across the blogosphere, major newspapers, YouTube
clips, and episodes of The Daily Show to become, if not
a household phrase, a topic of popular debate involving
millions of Americans. One explanation is that, at its
root, the net neutrality debate is far more significant
than a squabble among technocrats. Rather, it is first
and foremost a normative debate, one that will deter-
mine the role of the Internet in a democratic society,
with profound implications for the daily welfare of mil-
lions of citizens who rely on the Internet as a critical
resource. Unfortunately, it is such normative concerns,
along with related political and historical contexts, that
have been least explored in much of the net neutrality
scholarship to date. This article aims to address these
gaps while expanding the parameters of the existing
debate.
“Network neutrality,” defined broadly, is non-
discriminatory interconnectedness among data commu-
nication networks that allows users to access the content
and to run the services, applications, and devices of their
choice. In essence, network neutrality forbids preferen-
tial treatment of specific content, services, applications,
and devices that can be integrated into the network
infrastructure. This principle has been the foundation
for rapid innovation and the Internet’s relative open-
ness. As Congress debates whether network neutrality
protections should be written into current legislation,
the battle lines have been drawn between large tele-
communications companies that own the pipes, on one
side, and Internet content companies and public interest
groups on the other. Although scholarship has begun to
catch up with the net neutrality debate, the majority
of this work has failed to connect this issue with larger
Sascha D. Meinrath is the Research Director for the New America
Foundation’s Wireless Future Program. Additionally, he coordinates
the Open Source Wireless Coalition, a global partnership of open
source wireless integrators, researchers, implementers, and companies
dedicated to the development of open source, interoperable, low-cost
wireless technologies. He can be reached at [email protected]
com and (202) 986-2700 x226. Victor W. Pickard recently finished his
PhD at the Institute of Communications Research at the University of
Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Currently, he works on telecommunications
policy as a Research Fellow for the New America Foundation.
Transcending Net Neutrality: Ten St.
All the q about net neutrality.1. Who is in favor of net neutralit.pdfakashborakhede
All the q about net neutrality.
1. Who is in favor of net neutrality? What reasons do they offer for this position?
2. What legal challenges are critics making against the FCC\'s rules? What three approaches are
they taking? Which is likely to succeed?
3. What affect could the FCC\'s decision have on the government, consumers, and various
internet-related companies? Are conditions expected to change drastically for any of these
groups?
Solution
1. Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all
data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site,
platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication. Nearly anyone
and any business not involved with the cable and phone companies supports keeping the Internet
as the open marketplace that it is today. Consumer groups, small businesses, innovators, family
and religious groups, financial services, retailers as well as major Internet brands such as Google,
Yahoo!, Amazon.com, Earthlink, eBay, Intel, Microsoft, Skype, Vonage are fighting to keep the
Internet open.
2.The FCC just voted in favor of a strong net neutrality rule to keep the Internet open and free.A
legal fight against the Federal Communications Commission\'s new Internet traffic rules has
begun with a suit by the United States Telecom Association, an industry group that represents
companies including AT&T and Verizon. The FCC is honing in on three areas of oversight: the
blocking of access to any content, the \'throttling\' of Internet traffic (slowing it down for reasons
other than what may be technically necessary to maintain a network\'s operations), and paid
prioritization (in which providers may favor some Internet traffic over others by creating \'fast
lanes\' for websites and services that can pay for them). One of the key legal arguments to expect
in the months to come, according to Werbach, is that the FCC previously said a company can
either be a telecommunications service or an information service, but not both. ISPs may argue
that they are elements of both and that the FCC must prove that they are not information
companies before it can reclassify them, says Werbach.
3.It will be a long time before anything materialises. Netflix won\'t stream any faster for you and
ISPs won\'t stop investing in their networks or high speed fiber cables as a result. Internet service
providers say they back the concept. But they don\'t want to face more, costly regulation and
claim it would hurt the economy.
Their argument is the internet has been progressing just fine the way it is currently set up, thanks
in parts to their expensive investments in network upgrades that have improved the quality of
high-speed service and expanded its availability.
More regulation will cost them more money - money they would otherwise spend on expanding
and improving their networks, they say. That would have the trickle-down effect of hurting
b.
1Austin ButlerDr. William Matter Subject Name05 March 20.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Austin Butler
Dr. William Matter
Subject Name
05 March 2018Free The Internet
Since the early nineties the use of the internet has increased substantially due to the increase of media such as video and mp3’s. The ability to share and receive these formats has become so easy due to websites like youtube, spotify, facebook and other social media companies. Thes sites cause a lot of traffic, or large internet activity, by using more bandwidth. ISP’s or Internet Service Providers like Verizon and AT&T sold the right use these activities so there content would only be available through them. Net neutrality is the principle that all content whether it be sites or services should treated equally without any bias based on user activity, content, brand, application or communication. This contentedly forced ISP’s to not make deals with companies to allow a better traffic speed for their content by charging at a higher rate.
After a vote by the FCC, Federal Communications Commission, to remove the Net Neutrality,an uproar of support towards a free internet exploded. These Rule restricted ISP’s from slowing down sites or charging access to higher priority companies. While this is not going to cause changes so soon. It presumably means companies will be able to not only charge you for the inter service you use but also the sites and services we use on a daily basis.
Big name companies should not have the right to be able to discriminate lesser used net services,due to the lack of usage or popularity. For some companies this topic is seen as a desirable way to improve quality because they are bigger companies with more money. This can be equally, if not more so, harmful to smaller companies just starting up. Many internet application companies like Google,Reddit,eBay,Amazon etc support net neutrality regulation.Google in 2008 stated, opposing market power of broadband providers to control access to their content and other applications. These Site favor an open Internet. Every site or company should have equal opportunity for customers to have access to content across the entire world wide web.
Many of these companies are starting to fight back, “Several tech companies including Etsy, Kickstarter, Foursquare and Shutterstock filed a petition on Monday afternoon challenging the Federal Communications Commission's rollback of net neutrality protections”. (Horrowitz,Tech Companies).
Any news, website or forum is accessible under net neutrality, given it has legality to exist. Theoretically ISP’s can charge you more or less to use these services. An open internet allows friendly and EQUAL competition, this ensures that a company has un-altered access to their content and level the playing field for larger companies to be treated the same as small start-ups.
Portugal, sadly, does not have net neutrality. Their services charge users by the month for using apps and websites. MEO, an ISP there, charge five euro every month to use individual types of content ...
BUS310ASSIGNMENTImagine that you work for a company with an ag.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS310ASSIGNMENT
Imagine that you work for a company with an age diverse workforce. You have baby boomers working with millenials. Their backgrounds are different, and how they view work is different. This is causing some friction within the workforce. Before the tension escalates, you need to have a meeting to discuss the issue. Prepare a five to seven (5-7) slide PowerPoint presentation for your staff meeting that addresses this issue and proposes a solution.
Create a five to seven (5-7) slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
1. Propose a solution that will relieve friction in your company’s age diverse workforce.
2. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
a. Format the PowerPoint presentation with headings on each slide and at least one (1) relevant graphic (photograph, graph, clip art, etc.). Ensure that the presentation is visually appealing and readable from up to 18 feet away. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
b. Include a title slide containing the title of the assignment, your name, your professor’s name, the course title, and the date.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Explain effective approaches to the broad spectrum of employee relations, including career development, fostering ethical behavior, discipline, labor relations, and dismissals.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in human resource management.
· Write clearly and concisely about human resource management using proper writing mechanics.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
Team Project Deliverable and Presentation
You team works for XYZ Company, which has a directional strategy focused on expanding the company through horizontal integration. Your team can determine the official name of the company and industry. The company does a great job keeping close watch on its cash position and consistently maintains a positive cash flow; is very solvent; controls its overhead expenses; has solid marketing and sales, production, and human resources performance metrics, and fosters a culture of strategic thinkers. Historically, your company has expanded through a combination of organic (new startups) and inorganic growth and feels it’s time to consider acquisition opportunities.
The Board is looking to engage in a friendly acquisition of a company that will not only increase its market share, but allow it to penetrate new markets and increase the company’s abilities to meet current and future consumer needs and expectations. Since management’s attitude is to pursue a friendly acquisition as opposed to a hostile takeover, your team may consider looking at conglomerates that have experienced significant growth through inorganic growth (acquisitions) and may now be looking to refocus on their core business and are willing to consider divesting some of its businesses that are within your industry. There could be other companies.
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 2 Describing Data Expected Out.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 2
Describing Data
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. Basic descriptive statistics for data location
2. Basic descriptive statistics for data consistency
3. Basic descriptive statistics for data position
4. Basic approaches for describing likelihood
5. Difference between descriptive and inferential statistics
What this lecture covers
This lecture focuses on describing data and how these descriptions can be used in an
analysis. It also introduces and defines some specific descriptive statistical tools and results.
Even if we never become a data detective or do statistical tests, we will be exposed and
bombarded with statistics and statistical outcomes. We need to understand what they are telling
us and how they help uncover what the data means on the “crime,” AKA research question/issue.
How we obtain these results will be covered in lecture 1-3.
Detecting
In our favorite detective shows, starting out always seems difficult. They have a crime,
but no real clues or suspects, no idea of what happened, no “theory of the crime,” etc. Much as
we are at this point with our question on equal pay for equal work.
The process followed is remarkably similar across the different shows. First, a case or
situation presents itself. The heroes start by understanding the background of the situation and
those involved. They move on to collecting clues and following hints, some of which do not pan
out to be helpful. They then start to build relationships between and among clues and facts,
tossing out ideas that seemed good but lead to dead-ends or non-helpful insights (false leads,
etc.). Finally, a conclusion is reached and the initial question of “who done it” is solved.
Data analysis, and specifically statistical analysis, is done quite the same way as we will
see.
Descriptive Statistics
Week 1 Clues
We are interested in whether or not males and females are paid the same for doing equal
work. So, how do we go about answering this question? The “victim” in this question could be
considered the difference in pay between males and females, specifically when they are doing
equal work. An initial examination (Doc, was it murder or an accident?) involves obtaining
basic information to see if we even have cause to worry.
The first action in any analysis involves collecting the data. This generally involves
conducting a random sample from the population of employees so that we have a manageable
data set to operate from. In this case, our sample, presented in Lecture 1, gave us 25 males and
25 females spread throughout the company. A quick look at the sample by HR provided us with
assurance that the group looked representative of the company workforce we are concerned with
as a whole. Now we can confidently collect clues to see if we should be concerned or not.
As with any detective, the first issue is to understand the.
BUS308 – Week 5 Lecture 1 A Different View Expected Ou.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS308 – Week 5 Lecture 1
A Different View
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. What a confidence interval for a statistic is.
2. What a confidence interval for differences is.
3. The difference between statistical and practical significance.
4. The meaning of an Effect Size measure.
Overview
Years ago, a comedy show used to introduce new skits with the phrase “and now for
something completely different.” That seems appropriate for this week’s material.
This week we will look at evaluating our data results in somewhat different ways. One of
the criticisms of the hypothesis testing procedure is that it only shows one value, when it is
reasonably clear that a number of different values would also cause us to reject or not reject a
null hypothesis of no difference. Many managers and researchers would like to see what these
values could be; and, in particular, what are the extreme values as help in making decisions.
Confidence intervals will help us here.
The other criticism of the hypothesis testing procedure is that we can “manage” the
results, or ensure that we will reject the null, by manipulating the sample size. For example, if
we have a difference in a customer preference between two products of only 1%, is this a big
deal? Given the uncertainty contained in sample results, we might tend to think that we can
safely ignore this result. However, if we were to use a sample of, say, 10,000, we would find
that this difference is statistically significant. This, for many, seems to fly in the face of
reasonableness. We will look at a measure of “practical significance,” meaning the likelihood of
the difference being worth paying any attention to, called the effect size to help us here.
Confidence Intervals
A confidence interval is a range of values that, based upon the sample results, most likely
contains the actual population parameter. The “most likely” element is the level of confidence
attached to the interval, 95% confidence interval, 90% confidence interval, 99% confidence
interval, etc. They can be created at any time, with or without performing a statistical test, such
as the t-test.
A confidence interval may be expressed as a range (45 to 51% of the town’s population
support the proposal) or as a mean or proportion with a margin of error (48% of the town
supports the proposal, with a margin of error of 3%). This last format is frequently seen with
opinion poll results, and simply means that you should add and subtract this margin of error from
the reported proportion to obtain the range. With either format, the confidence percent should
also be provided.
Confidence intervals for a single mean (or proportion) are fairly straightforward to
understand, and relate to t-test outcomes simply. Details on how to construct the interval will be
given in this week’s second lecture. We want to understand how to interpret and understa.
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 1
Statistics
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. The basic ideas of data analysis.
2. Key statistical concepts and terms.
3. The basic approach for this class.
4. The case focus for the class.
What we are all about
Data, measurements, counts, etc., is often considered the language of business. However,
it also plays an important role in our personal lives as well. Data, or more accurately, the
analysis of data answers our questions. These may be business related or personal. Some
questions we may have heard that require data to answer include:
1. On average, how long does it take you to get to work? Or, alternately, when do you
have to leave to get to work on time?
2. For budget purposes, what is the average expense for utilities, food, etc.?
3. Has the quality rejection rate on production Line 3 changed?
4. Did the new attendance incentive program reduce the tardiness for the department?
5. Which vendor has the best average price for what we order?
6. Which customers have the most complaints about our products?
7. Has the average production time decreased with the new process?
8. Do different groups respond differently to an employee questionnaire?
9. What are the chances that a customer will complain about or return a product?
Note that all of these very reasonable questions require that we collect data, analyze it,
and reach some conclusion based upon that result.
Making Sense of Data
This class is about ways to turn data sets, lots of raw numbers, into information that we
can use. This may include simple descriptions of the data with measures such as average, range,
high and low values, etc. It also includes ways to examine the information within the data set so
that we can make decisions, identify patterns, and identify existing relationships. This is often
called data analysis; some courses discuss this approach with the term “data-based decision
making.” During this class we will focus on the logic of analyzing data and interpreting these
results.
What this class is not
This class is not a mathematics course. I know, it is called statistics and it deals with
numbers, but we do not focus on creating formulas or even doing calculations. Excel will do all
of the calculations for us; for those of you who have not used Excel before, and even for some
who have, you will be pleasantly surprised at how powerful and relatively easy to use it is.
It is also not a class in collecting the data. Courses in research focus on how to plan on
collecting data so that it is fair and unbiased. Statistics deals with working on the data after it has
been collected.
Class structure
There are two main themes to this class. The first focuses on interpreting statistical
outcomes. When someone says, the result is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.01; we
need, as professionals, to know what it means. .
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Network neutrality has been at the center of intense political discussions about Internet regulation. Net neutrality is the principle that all content on the Internet should be equally available to users without discrimination by service providers. Establishing legal protections for net neutrality is a necessary component to providing equitable access to online educational materials and services.
Read the Case Study Below. Answer the questions. Paper must be a pag.docxapatrick3
Read the Case Study Below. Answer the questions. Paper must be a page and a half
Interactive Session: Organizations The Battle Over Net Neutrality What kind of Internet user are you? Do you primarily use the Net to do a little e-mail and online banking? Or are you online all day, watching YouTube videos, downloading music files, or playing online games? Do you use your iPhone to stream TV shows and movies on a regular basis? If you’re a power Internet or smartphone user, you are consuming a great deal of bandwidth. Could hundreds of millions of people like you start to slow the Internet down? Video streaming on Netflix accounts for 32 percent of all bandwidth use in the United States, and Google’s YouTube for 19 percent of Web traffic at peak hours. If user demand overwhelms network capacity, the Internet might not come to a screeching halt, but users could face sluggish download speeds and video transmission. Heavy use of iPhones in urban areas such as New York and San Francisco has already degraded service on the AT&T wireless network. AT&T reported that 3 percent of its subscriber base accounted for 40 percent of its data traffic. Internet service providers (ISPs) assert that network congestion is a serious problem and that expanding their networks would require passing on burdensome costs to consumers. These companies believe differential pricing methods, which include data caps and metered use—charging based on the amount of bandwidth consumed—are the fairest way to finance necessary investments in their network infrastructures. But metering Internet use is not widely accepted, because of an ongoing debate about net neutrality. Net neutrality is the idea that Internet service providers must allow customers equal access to content and applications, regardless of the source or nature of the content. Presently, the Internet is neutral: all Internet traffic is treated equally on a first-come, first-served basis by Internet backbone owners. However, this arrangement prevents telecommunications and cable companies from charging differentiated prices based on the amount of bandwidth consumed by the content being delivered over the Internet. The strange alliance of net neutrality advocates includes MoveOn.org; the Christian Coalition; the American Library Association; data-intensive Web businesses such as Netflix, Amazon, and Google; major consumer groups; and a host of bloggers and small businesses. Net neutrality advocates argue that differentiated pricing would impose heavy costs on heavy bandwidth users such as YouTube, Skype, and other innovative services, preventing high-bandwidth startup companies from gaining traction. Net neutrality supporters also argue that without net neutrality, ISPs that are also cable companies, such as Comcast, might block online streaming video from Netflix or Hulu in order to force customers to use the cable company’s on-demand movie rental services. Network owners believe regulation to enforce net neutralit.
Net Neutrality PPT presentation in MIS 3305 on Oct. 13, 2015. Explanation is needed for various slides. However, this slide show presents an overview of what net neutrality is, how the internet works, how ISPs have throttled content providers data traveling through their networks, and the FCC's ruling over the issue.
C5-1 CASE STUDY 5NET NEUTRALITYFew issues related to.docxRAHUL126667
C5-1
CASE STUDY 5
NET NEUTRALITY
Few issues related to business use of the Internet have spurred as much
heated debate as Net Neutrality. At the heart of the Net Neutrality debate is
the idea that Internet access providers should not discriminate with regard
to what applications an individual can use or interact with over the Internet.
Advocates of Net Neutrality contend that individual freedom to use of the
Internet extends to the content uploads or downloads. They also believe that
individuals acquiring services from Internet access providers should be able
to use the applications and devices of their choice, and be allowed to interact
with the content of their choice anywhere on the Internet.
The concept of Net Neutrality is grounded in traditional “common
carriage” concepts. Because carriers of goods, people, and information can
be considered common carriers, common carriage concepts have been
applied to trains, planes, buses, and telephone companies. Common carriage
principles embody the ideal that the efficient movement of goods and
information is essential to our economy, nation, and culture, and therefore
carriers must not discriminate against or favor particular individuals or
content.
If common carriers are truly public goods, it can be argued that these
modes of conveyance should not discriminate with regard to what they carry
or where they carry it. This also means that the carrier should not be held
liable for carrying things that may be harmful. For example, if a terrorist
C5-2
uses a subway to travel to the site of a terrorist act, the subway cannot be
sued for being complicit in terrorism.
Telecommunication carriers have been classified as common carriers for
more than 100 years, dating back to the early days of the telegraph. Nearly
half a century has passed since the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) determined that the telephone network should be an open platform
over which computer networks can be created. As a result of the
Carterphone case, the FCC resolved that individuals had the right to attach
devices of their choosing to the telephone network [BOSW12]. This opened
the door for data communication devices such as fax machines and modems
to be attached to telephone lines, thereby making it possible to create
computer networks over the telephone network. In essence, court and
regulatory rulings in the U.S. created an environment that fostered the idea
that computer networks could be constructed to go anywhere the telephone
network could take them using devices that could carry just about any type
of content. The decisions made by courts and regulatory agencies that
opened the door for telephone networks to carry data generated by
computers were largely consistent with traditional common carriage
concepts. However, the emergence of the World Wide Web and the
increased popularity of broadband access that it generated added a ...
CASE STUDY -1 BA 633 Information Systems Inf.docxhallettfaustina
CASE STUDY -1
BA 633: Information Systems Infrastructure.
Prof: Fred Rose.
NET NEUTRALITY
Anvesh Veldandi
Student no: 558046.
1. This case focuses on the Net Neutrality debate in the United States. Do some Internet research on international
views of Net Neutrality and summarize how views of this issue differ within and across other countries.
Network neutrality has been a contentious issue in the United States for several years, but is increasingly debated
elsewhere, with the EU, several European countries, and the Japanese government all examining the issue.
Net neutrality does not have a single, unanimously accepted definition even within, let alone across, countries.
Nevertheless, proponents of net neutrality generally believe that a structure in which the Internet’s intelligence lies
primarily at the edges of the network, with the edges connected by relatively “dumb pipes” is responsible for the
Internet’s diversity and innovation. They fear that without some regulation broadband providers may discriminate in
favor of their own or sponsored applications, or might degrade traffic to sites that do not pay for better quality of
service tiers.
Net neutrality debates in the U.S. have focused primarily on regulations regarding how broadband providers could
price and manage traffic on their networks. The debate in Europe, has generally focused instead on the role
unbundling mandatory network sharing can play in keeping networks neutral. Unbundling
proponents argue that if the infrastructure provider does not offer retail services or is only one of many retailers
offering service over its infrastructure it will have less incentive to discriminate in favor of or against particular
content. Unbundling opponents typically do not discuss it in the context of net neutrality, but note that it can reduce
incentives to invest in the underlying infrastructure. This paper first examines the net neutrality debate in countries
other than United States. It explores net neutrality in the U.K., France, Denmark, the Netherlands,
Germany, Sweden, South Korea, and Japan. Because net neutrality is another type of mandatory network sharing
and because unbundling is a key component of the EU’s general response to net neutrality, the second part of the
paper uses a new dataset to test empirically the effects of unbundling on investment in fiber-to-the-home.
The net neutrality debate began in other countries much later than it began in the U.S. Most European countries
embrace the general idea of net neutrality. While they address the issue differently, most have so far stated that
unbundling combined with rules governing firms with significant market power, rather than specific n ...
D E C E M B E R 2 0 0 8E D I T E D B Y D L A P I P E R.docxalanrgibson41217
D E C E M B E R 2 0 0 8
E D I T E D B Y D L A P I P E R
Sascha D. Meinrath and Victor
W. Pickard
T
he past few years have witnessed a once-obscure issue
known as “net neutrality” blow up into arguably
the most publicized policy debate in US telecom-
munications history. An untold story is how this
relatively technical debate spilled outside the rarefied
airs of Congressional Committees and the Federal
Communications Commission’s (FCC’s) eighth floor to
rage across the blogosphere, major newspapers, YouTube
clips, and episodes of The Daily Show to become, if not
a household phrase, a topic of popular debate involving
millions of Americans. One explanation is that, at its
root, the net neutrality debate is far more significant
than a squabble among technocrats. Rather, it is first
and foremost a normative debate, one that will deter-
mine the role of the Internet in a democratic society,
with profound implications for the daily welfare of mil-
lions of citizens who rely on the Internet as a critical
resource. Unfortunately, it is such normative concerns,
along with related political and historical contexts, that
have been least explored in much of the net neutrality
scholarship to date. This article aims to address these
gaps while expanding the parameters of the existing
debate.
“Network neutrality,” defined broadly, is non-
discriminatory interconnectedness among data commu-
nication networks that allows users to access the content
and to run the services, applications, and devices of their
choice. In essence, network neutrality forbids preferen-
tial treatment of specific content, services, applications,
and devices that can be integrated into the network
infrastructure. This principle has been the foundation
for rapid innovation and the Internet’s relative open-
ness. As Congress debates whether network neutrality
protections should be written into current legislation,
the battle lines have been drawn between large tele-
communications companies that own the pipes, on one
side, and Internet content companies and public interest
groups on the other. Although scholarship has begun to
catch up with the net neutrality debate, the majority
of this work has failed to connect this issue with larger
Sascha D. Meinrath is the Research Director for the New America
Foundation’s Wireless Future Program. Additionally, he coordinates
the Open Source Wireless Coalition, a global partnership of open
source wireless integrators, researchers, implementers, and companies
dedicated to the development of open source, interoperable, low-cost
wireless technologies. He can be reached at [email protected]
com and (202) 986-2700 x226. Victor W. Pickard recently finished his
PhD at the Institute of Communications Research at the University of
Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Currently, he works on telecommunications
policy as a Research Fellow for the New America Foundation.
Transcending Net Neutrality: Ten St.
All the q about net neutrality.1. Who is in favor of net neutralit.pdfakashborakhede
All the q about net neutrality.
1. Who is in favor of net neutrality? What reasons do they offer for this position?
2. What legal challenges are critics making against the FCC\'s rules? What three approaches are
they taking? Which is likely to succeed?
3. What affect could the FCC\'s decision have on the government, consumers, and various
internet-related companies? Are conditions expected to change drastically for any of these
groups?
Solution
1. Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all
data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site,
platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication. Nearly anyone
and any business not involved with the cable and phone companies supports keeping the Internet
as the open marketplace that it is today. Consumer groups, small businesses, innovators, family
and religious groups, financial services, retailers as well as major Internet brands such as Google,
Yahoo!, Amazon.com, Earthlink, eBay, Intel, Microsoft, Skype, Vonage are fighting to keep the
Internet open.
2.The FCC just voted in favor of a strong net neutrality rule to keep the Internet open and free.A
legal fight against the Federal Communications Commission\'s new Internet traffic rules has
begun with a suit by the United States Telecom Association, an industry group that represents
companies including AT&T and Verizon. The FCC is honing in on three areas of oversight: the
blocking of access to any content, the \'throttling\' of Internet traffic (slowing it down for reasons
other than what may be technically necessary to maintain a network\'s operations), and paid
prioritization (in which providers may favor some Internet traffic over others by creating \'fast
lanes\' for websites and services that can pay for them). One of the key legal arguments to expect
in the months to come, according to Werbach, is that the FCC previously said a company can
either be a telecommunications service or an information service, but not both. ISPs may argue
that they are elements of both and that the FCC must prove that they are not information
companies before it can reclassify them, says Werbach.
3.It will be a long time before anything materialises. Netflix won\'t stream any faster for you and
ISPs won\'t stop investing in their networks or high speed fiber cables as a result. Internet service
providers say they back the concept. But they don\'t want to face more, costly regulation and
claim it would hurt the economy.
Their argument is the internet has been progressing just fine the way it is currently set up, thanks
in parts to their expensive investments in network upgrades that have improved the quality of
high-speed service and expanded its availability.
More regulation will cost them more money - money they would otherwise spend on expanding
and improving their networks, they say. That would have the trickle-down effect of hurting
b.
1Austin ButlerDr. William Matter Subject Name05 March 20.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Austin Butler
Dr. William Matter
Subject Name
05 March 2018Free The Internet
Since the early nineties the use of the internet has increased substantially due to the increase of media such as video and mp3’s. The ability to share and receive these formats has become so easy due to websites like youtube, spotify, facebook and other social media companies. Thes sites cause a lot of traffic, or large internet activity, by using more bandwidth. ISP’s or Internet Service Providers like Verizon and AT&T sold the right use these activities so there content would only be available through them. Net neutrality is the principle that all content whether it be sites or services should treated equally without any bias based on user activity, content, brand, application or communication. This contentedly forced ISP’s to not make deals with companies to allow a better traffic speed for their content by charging at a higher rate.
After a vote by the FCC, Federal Communications Commission, to remove the Net Neutrality,an uproar of support towards a free internet exploded. These Rule restricted ISP’s from slowing down sites or charging access to higher priority companies. While this is not going to cause changes so soon. It presumably means companies will be able to not only charge you for the inter service you use but also the sites and services we use on a daily basis.
Big name companies should not have the right to be able to discriminate lesser used net services,due to the lack of usage or popularity. For some companies this topic is seen as a desirable way to improve quality because they are bigger companies with more money. This can be equally, if not more so, harmful to smaller companies just starting up. Many internet application companies like Google,Reddit,eBay,Amazon etc support net neutrality regulation.Google in 2008 stated, opposing market power of broadband providers to control access to their content and other applications. These Site favor an open Internet. Every site or company should have equal opportunity for customers to have access to content across the entire world wide web.
Many of these companies are starting to fight back, “Several tech companies including Etsy, Kickstarter, Foursquare and Shutterstock filed a petition on Monday afternoon challenging the Federal Communications Commission's rollback of net neutrality protections”. (Horrowitz,Tech Companies).
Any news, website or forum is accessible under net neutrality, given it has legality to exist. Theoretically ISP’s can charge you more or less to use these services. An open internet allows friendly and EQUAL competition, this ensures that a company has un-altered access to their content and level the playing field for larger companies to be treated the same as small start-ups.
Portugal, sadly, does not have net neutrality. Their services charge users by the month for using apps and websites. MEO, an ISP there, charge five euro every month to use individual types of content ...
Similar to NEWSWHAT’S NEW NOWWhy 2015 May Be the Year We Solve Ne.docx (17)
BUS310ASSIGNMENTImagine that you work for a company with an ag.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS310ASSIGNMENT
Imagine that you work for a company with an age diverse workforce. You have baby boomers working with millenials. Their backgrounds are different, and how they view work is different. This is causing some friction within the workforce. Before the tension escalates, you need to have a meeting to discuss the issue. Prepare a five to seven (5-7) slide PowerPoint presentation for your staff meeting that addresses this issue and proposes a solution.
Create a five to seven (5-7) slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
1. Propose a solution that will relieve friction in your company’s age diverse workforce.
2. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
a. Format the PowerPoint presentation with headings on each slide and at least one (1) relevant graphic (photograph, graph, clip art, etc.). Ensure that the presentation is visually appealing and readable from up to 18 feet away. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
b. Include a title slide containing the title of the assignment, your name, your professor’s name, the course title, and the date.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Explain effective approaches to the broad spectrum of employee relations, including career development, fostering ethical behavior, discipline, labor relations, and dismissals.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in human resource management.
· Write clearly and concisely about human resource management using proper writing mechanics.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
Team Project Deliverable and Presentation
You team works for XYZ Company, which has a directional strategy focused on expanding the company through horizontal integration. Your team can determine the official name of the company and industry. The company does a great job keeping close watch on its cash position and consistently maintains a positive cash flow; is very solvent; controls its overhead expenses; has solid marketing and sales, production, and human resources performance metrics, and fosters a culture of strategic thinkers. Historically, your company has expanded through a combination of organic (new startups) and inorganic growth and feels it’s time to consider acquisition opportunities.
The Board is looking to engage in a friendly acquisition of a company that will not only increase its market share, but allow it to penetrate new markets and increase the company’s abilities to meet current and future consumer needs and expectations. Since management’s attitude is to pursue a friendly acquisition as opposed to a hostile takeover, your team may consider looking at conglomerates that have experienced significant growth through inorganic growth (acquisitions) and may now be looking to refocus on their core business and are willing to consider divesting some of its businesses that are within your industry. There could be other companies.
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 2 Describing Data Expected Out.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 2
Describing Data
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. Basic descriptive statistics for data location
2. Basic descriptive statistics for data consistency
3. Basic descriptive statistics for data position
4. Basic approaches for describing likelihood
5. Difference between descriptive and inferential statistics
What this lecture covers
This lecture focuses on describing data and how these descriptions can be used in an
analysis. It also introduces and defines some specific descriptive statistical tools and results.
Even if we never become a data detective or do statistical tests, we will be exposed and
bombarded with statistics and statistical outcomes. We need to understand what they are telling
us and how they help uncover what the data means on the “crime,” AKA research question/issue.
How we obtain these results will be covered in lecture 1-3.
Detecting
In our favorite detective shows, starting out always seems difficult. They have a crime,
but no real clues or suspects, no idea of what happened, no “theory of the crime,” etc. Much as
we are at this point with our question on equal pay for equal work.
The process followed is remarkably similar across the different shows. First, a case or
situation presents itself. The heroes start by understanding the background of the situation and
those involved. They move on to collecting clues and following hints, some of which do not pan
out to be helpful. They then start to build relationships between and among clues and facts,
tossing out ideas that seemed good but lead to dead-ends or non-helpful insights (false leads,
etc.). Finally, a conclusion is reached and the initial question of “who done it” is solved.
Data analysis, and specifically statistical analysis, is done quite the same way as we will
see.
Descriptive Statistics
Week 1 Clues
We are interested in whether or not males and females are paid the same for doing equal
work. So, how do we go about answering this question? The “victim” in this question could be
considered the difference in pay between males and females, specifically when they are doing
equal work. An initial examination (Doc, was it murder or an accident?) involves obtaining
basic information to see if we even have cause to worry.
The first action in any analysis involves collecting the data. This generally involves
conducting a random sample from the population of employees so that we have a manageable
data set to operate from. In this case, our sample, presented in Lecture 1, gave us 25 males and
25 females spread throughout the company. A quick look at the sample by HR provided us with
assurance that the group looked representative of the company workforce we are concerned with
as a whole. Now we can confidently collect clues to see if we should be concerned or not.
As with any detective, the first issue is to understand the.
BUS308 – Week 5 Lecture 1 A Different View Expected Ou.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS308 – Week 5 Lecture 1
A Different View
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. What a confidence interval for a statistic is.
2. What a confidence interval for differences is.
3. The difference between statistical and practical significance.
4. The meaning of an Effect Size measure.
Overview
Years ago, a comedy show used to introduce new skits with the phrase “and now for
something completely different.” That seems appropriate for this week’s material.
This week we will look at evaluating our data results in somewhat different ways. One of
the criticisms of the hypothesis testing procedure is that it only shows one value, when it is
reasonably clear that a number of different values would also cause us to reject or not reject a
null hypothesis of no difference. Many managers and researchers would like to see what these
values could be; and, in particular, what are the extreme values as help in making decisions.
Confidence intervals will help us here.
The other criticism of the hypothesis testing procedure is that we can “manage” the
results, or ensure that we will reject the null, by manipulating the sample size. For example, if
we have a difference in a customer preference between two products of only 1%, is this a big
deal? Given the uncertainty contained in sample results, we might tend to think that we can
safely ignore this result. However, if we were to use a sample of, say, 10,000, we would find
that this difference is statistically significant. This, for many, seems to fly in the face of
reasonableness. We will look at a measure of “practical significance,” meaning the likelihood of
the difference being worth paying any attention to, called the effect size to help us here.
Confidence Intervals
A confidence interval is a range of values that, based upon the sample results, most likely
contains the actual population parameter. The “most likely” element is the level of confidence
attached to the interval, 95% confidence interval, 90% confidence interval, 99% confidence
interval, etc. They can be created at any time, with or without performing a statistical test, such
as the t-test.
A confidence interval may be expressed as a range (45 to 51% of the town’s population
support the proposal) or as a mean or proportion with a margin of error (48% of the town
supports the proposal, with a margin of error of 3%). This last format is frequently seen with
opinion poll results, and simply means that you should add and subtract this margin of error from
the reported proportion to obtain the range. With either format, the confidence percent should
also be provided.
Confidence intervals for a single mean (or proportion) are fairly straightforward to
understand, and relate to t-test outcomes simply. Details on how to construct the interval will be
given in this week’s second lecture. We want to understand how to interpret and understa.
BUS308 – Week 1 Lecture 1
Statistics
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. The basic ideas of data analysis.
2. Key statistical concepts and terms.
3. The basic approach for this class.
4. The case focus for the class.
What we are all about
Data, measurements, counts, etc., is often considered the language of business. However,
it also plays an important role in our personal lives as well. Data, or more accurately, the
analysis of data answers our questions. These may be business related or personal. Some
questions we may have heard that require data to answer include:
1. On average, how long does it take you to get to work? Or, alternately, when do you
have to leave to get to work on time?
2. For budget purposes, what is the average expense for utilities, food, etc.?
3. Has the quality rejection rate on production Line 3 changed?
4. Did the new attendance incentive program reduce the tardiness for the department?
5. Which vendor has the best average price for what we order?
6. Which customers have the most complaints about our products?
7. Has the average production time decreased with the new process?
8. Do different groups respond differently to an employee questionnaire?
9. What are the chances that a customer will complain about or return a product?
Note that all of these very reasonable questions require that we collect data, analyze it,
and reach some conclusion based upon that result.
Making Sense of Data
This class is about ways to turn data sets, lots of raw numbers, into information that we
can use. This may include simple descriptions of the data with measures such as average, range,
high and low values, etc. It also includes ways to examine the information within the data set so
that we can make decisions, identify patterns, and identify existing relationships. This is often
called data analysis; some courses discuss this approach with the term “data-based decision
making.” During this class we will focus on the logic of analyzing data and interpreting these
results.
What this class is not
This class is not a mathematics course. I know, it is called statistics and it deals with
numbers, but we do not focus on creating formulas or even doing calculations. Excel will do all
of the calculations for us; for those of you who have not used Excel before, and even for some
who have, you will be pleasantly surprised at how powerful and relatively easy to use it is.
It is also not a class in collecting the data. Courses in research focus on how to plan on
collecting data so that it is fair and unbiased. Statistics deals with working on the data after it has
been collected.
Class structure
There are two main themes to this class. The first focuses on interpreting statistical
outcomes. When someone says, the result is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.01; we
need, as professionals, to know what it means. .
BUS308 Statistics for ManagersDiscussions To participate in .docxcurwenmichaela
BUS308
Statistics for Managers
Discussions
To participate in the following discussions, go to this week's
Discussion
link in the left navigation.
Language
Numbers and measurements are the language of business.. Organizations look at results, expenses, quality levels, efficiencies, time, costs, etc. What measures does your department keep track of ? How are the measures collected, and how are they summarized/described? How are they used in making decisions? (Note: If you do not have a job where measures are available to you, ask someone you know for some examples or conduct outside research on an interest of yours.)
Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ posts. Respond to at least two of your classmates by providing recommendations for the measures being discussed.
Levels
Managers and professionals often pay more attention to the levels of their measures (means, sums, etc.) than to the variation in the data (the dispersion or the probability patterns/distributions that describe the data). For the measures you identified in Discussion 1, why must dispersion be considered to truly understand what the data is telling us about what we measure/track? How can we make decisions about outcomes and results if we do not understand the consistency (variation) of the data? Does looking at the variation in the data give us a different understanding of results?
Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ posts. Respond to at least two classmates by commenting on the situations that are being illustrated.
.
BUS308 Week 4 Lecture 1
Examining Relationships
Expected Outcomes
After reading this lecture, the student should be familiar with:
1. Issues around correlation
2. The basics of Correlation analysis
3. The basics of Linear Regression
4. The basics of the Multiple Regression
Overview
Often in our detective shows when the clues are not providing a clear answer – such as
we are seeing with the apparent continuing contradiction between the compa-ratio and salary
related results – we hear the line “maybe we need to look at this from a different viewpoint.”
That is what we will be doing this week.
Our investigation changes focus a bit this week. We started the class by finding ways to
describe and summarize data sets – finding measures of the center and dispersion of the data with
means, medians, standard deviations, ranges, etc. As interesting as these clues were, they did not
tell us all we needed to know to solve our question about equal work for equal pay. In fact, the
evidence was somewhat contradictory depending upon what measure we focused on. In Weeks 2
and 3, we changed our focus to asking questions about differences and how important different
sample outcomes were. We found that all differences were not important, and that for many
relatively small result differences we could safely ignore them for decision making purposes –
they were due to simple sampling (or chance) errors. We found that this idea of sampling error
could extend into work and individual performance outcomes observed over time; and that over-
reacting to such differences did not make much sense.
Now, in our continuing efforts to detect and uncover what the data is hiding from us, we
change focus again as we start to find out why something happened, what caused the data to act
as it did; rather than merely what happened (describing the data as we have been doing). This
week we move from examining differences to looking at relationships; that is, if some measure
changes does another measure change as well? And, if so, can we use this information to make
predictions and/or understand what underlies this common movement?
Our tools in doing this involve correlation, the measurement of how closely two
variables move together; and regression, an equation showing the impact of inputs on a final
output. A regression is similar to a recipe for a cake or other food dish; take a bit of this and
some of that, put them together, and we get our result.
Correlation
We have seen correlations a lot, and probably have even used them (formally or
informally). We know, for example, that all other things being equal; the more we eat. the more
we weigh. Kids, up to the early teens, grow taller the older they get. If we consistently speed,
we will get more speeding tickets than those who obey the speed limit. The more efforts we put
into studying, the better grades we get. All of these are examples of correlations.
Correlatio.
BUS225 Group Assignment1. Service BlueprintCustomer acti.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS225 Group Assignment
1. Service Blueprint
Customer actions include the choice of visiting a Calvin Klein retail store, browsing clothes and asking for recommendations from a sales representative. Visible actions performed by Calvin Klein’s sales representative include greet customers upon arrival, check for inventory, bring clothes to customers and process payment. These actions are visible to customers and one invisible action performed by the sales representative would be finding customer clothes in the back room. The support processes include inventory-tracking system, inventory in the back room and POS systems, which allow the sales representative to deliver service smoothly.
2. Introduction
Calvin Klein is one amongst the leading fashion style and marketing studios within the world. It styles and markets women’s and men’s designer assortment attire and a variety of different products that area unit factory-made and marketed through an intensive network of licensing agreements and different arrangements worldwide.
2.1 Target Market
Calvin Klein targets male and female, and the millenials. The demographics of the people that would be receiving these messages from the “My Calvins” campaign would be men and women between the ages of 15-30, not married and have a median income.
Millenials believe that the next generation of robots are not going to replace people, but instead help to improve the effectiveness and service of industries. In today’s world, to suggest that automation will eliminate the need for human workers is proving to be as ridiculous as suggesting that tablets will replace laptops.
In the industrial world, robot design is pivoting from giant mechanical arms that take up factory floors, to smaller, more collaborative bots, that are designed to work alongside people. While these collaborative bots only make up 3% of the market today, they will make up 34% of the market by 2025.
3. Trend and importance of robotics
3.1. Role of robotics
The service sector is at an inflection point with regard to productivity gains and service industrialization similar to the industrial revolution in manufacturing that started in the eighteenth century. Robotics in combination with rapidly improving technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), mobile, cloud, big data and biometrics will bring opportunities for a wide range of innovations that have the potential to dramatically change service industries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential role service robots will play in the future and to advance a research agenda for service researchers (Wirtz et al. 2018).
Advancements in technology are radically transforming service, and increasingly providing the underlying basis for service strategy. Technological capabilities inevitably advance, firms will tend to move from standardized to personalized and from transactional to relational over time, implying that firms should be alert to technological opportunities to .
BUS301 Memo Rubric Spring 2020 - Student.docxBUS301 Writing Ru.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS301 Memo Rubric Spring 2020 - Student.docx
BUS301 Writing Rubric
Performance Dimensions
N/A
Not Met
Met
Comments
Organization (OABC)
Opening gets attention, provides context, and introduces topic
0
1
Agenda previews content of the document
0
1
Body
0
2
Sound paragraphing decisions (length and development)
Paragraphs limited to one topic per paragraph
Complete discussion of one topic before moving to next topic
Transitions and flow between paragraphs smooth
The overall flow/logic/structure of document is apparent
Closing summarizes and concludes, recommends, if appropriate
0
1
Content
The content of the document is relevant; information meaningful
0
2
The document is developed with adequate support and examples
0
2
The content is accurate and appropriate, with insightful analysis
0
2
Proofreading
The grammar and spelling are correct (proofread)
0
3
Punctuation—comma usage, capitalization, etc.—used correctly
0
3
The sentence structure and length are appropriate
0
1
Format
Appropriate formatting is used for type of document written
0
1
Good use of font, margins, spacing, headings, and visuals
0
1
[11/2016]
Example - Good - Corrected student example Spring 2020.docx
TO: Professor __________
FROM: Suzy Student
DATE: February 1, 2020
SUBJECT: Out of Class Experience – Cybersecurity Conference
Cybersecurity is a topic everyone should be concerned about, so I attended the 3rd Annual Cybersecurity Event held in the Grawn Atrium. I gained insight and knowledge from listening to the speakers that came from different kinds of industries. In this memo, I will discuss what I learned from the speaker and two takeaways: 1) cybersecurity is everywhere, 2) personal identifiable information, and 3) cybersecurity for the business student.
Cybersecurity is Everywhere
The conference was an opportunity to learn about cybersecurity. The first speaker talked about how companies are attacked in many different ways every day. The “bad guys” are trying to steal company information as well as employee information. Both kinds of information are valuable on the black market. The second speaker talked about the internet of things (IoT). These are things that are attached to the internet. The speaker talked about autonomous cars and medical equipment (heart) that talks to the internet. She talked about how cyber can and should influence designs. “Things” must be created with cybersecurity included in every step of the design. The last speaker talked about how my information has value. The “bad guys” steal my information and people want to buy it. Making money is one reason hackers steal millions of records.
Personal Identifiable Information
Personal Identifiable Information (PII) is any information relating to an identifiable person. There are laws in place to help make sure this information is secure. This topic is a takeaway for me because I had no idea my data had any value t.
BUS1431Introduction and PreferencesBUS143 Judgmen.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS143
1
Introduction and Preferences
BUS143: Judgment and Decision Making
Ye Li
All rights reserved ®
Why you decided to take this class
“Decisions are the essence of
management. They’re what
managers do—sit around all
day making (or avoiding)
decisions. Managers are judged
on the outcomes, and most of
them—most of us—have only
the foggiest idea how we do
what we do.”
Thomas Stewart
Former editor (2002-2008),
Harvard Business Review
BUS143
2
Decision Making: Two Questions
• Why is decision making difficult?
• What constitutes a good decision?
Decision Making: Good Process
• What is a decision?
– A costly commitment to a course of action.
• Outcomes versus Process
Outcomes
Good Bad
Process
Good
Bad
Bad “luck”
Good “luck”
BUS143
3
Components of a Good Decision
• I have considered my ABCs
– Alternatives
– Beliefs
– Consequences
• I am devoting an appropriate amount of
resources
• I have avoided major decision traps
Decision Making Components: The ABCs
• Alternatives
– Identification and articulation
– Construction/refinement
• Beliefs
– Identification and quantification of uncertainties
– Information collection/gathering
• Consequences
– Identification of consequences (and objectives
addressed by consequences)
– When possible, quantification of tradeoffs among
objectives
BUS143
4
Decision Making: Good Process
• Putting it all together (for now)…
Good decision making is choosing the
alternative that best meets your objectives
in the face of uncertainty about what
consequences will ensue.
3 Perspectives on Decision Making
• Normative
– How should people make decisions?
Related concepts: rational; optimizing; forward-looking
• Descriptive
– How do people make decisions?
Related concepts: boundedly rational; limited cognitive capacity;
heuristics or rule-based; myopic
• Prescriptive
– How can we help people make better decisions?
– Prescriptive advice via practical applications, in…
Management
Marketing
Finance
HR
Life!
BUS143
5
Example
• Problem
– Imagine two 1-mile-long (1.61km) pieces of railroad track, put
end to end, and attached to the ground at the extremes.
When it gets hot, each piece of track expands by 1 inch
(2.54cm), forcing the pieces to rise above the ground where
they meet in the middle.
How high will the track be in the middle?
• Normative rule:
– Pythagorean Theorem:
• Descriptive reality:
– Most people underestimate x. (We anchor on 1 inch.)
• Prescription:
– Use normative rule (geometry). Don’t rely on intuition.
More Examples
• Normative rule:
– Lighter objects should
be judged as lighter.
• Descriptive reality:
– Sometimes our vision
tricks us.
• Prescription:
– Use an outside reference
or instrument
– Note: Pilots have specific
strategies for
counteracting visual
illusions
Which box looks lighter?
BUS143
6
Class Philosophy
• Overarching goal:
– Help you to.
BUS210 analysis – open question codesQ7a01 Monthly OK02 Not .docxcurwenmichaela
BUS210 analysis – open question codes
Q7a
01 Monthly OK
02 Not trading hours
03 Every 2 weeks
05 Don’t know
Q8
01 More information wanted
02 More security/Police
03 More involvement from business
04 Inconvenient times
05 Street activation needs improvement
06 Too busy to be involved
08 More outside main areas
Q11
01 Toilets
02 Security/Police
03 Problems with access
04 Better parking needed
05 Has been positive improvement
Q14
01 Pedestrian flows
02 Tourist/visitor information
03 Business statistics – local and general
D2 Business Types
01 Accommodation/hospitality
02 Retail
03 Bank
04 Café/fast food
05 Professional services
06 Travel
07 NGO/Charity
08 Manufacturing
09 Media/art
Questionnaire
Introduce: We have been commissioned by the X Sydney Council to conduct independent research of its BID members. The research will be used to improve Council activities. Your comments will be confidential.
For the following statement, can you tell me whether you agree or disagree? Then ask: is that strongly/mildly agree/disagree?
1 = strongly agree 2 = mildly agree 3 = mildly disagree 4 = strongly disagree
5 = Don’t know (don’t say) 6 = N/A (don’t say) READ OUT AS INDICATED IN QUESTIONS BELOW
Write in rating
START QUESTIONS HERE: Firstly, some questions about Council BID membership and street activation groups
Q1 (read out scale options) I’m active in the Council BID
Q2 (read out scale options again) Local businesses support the BID
Q3 The BID should be doing more for businesses in X Sydney
Q4 I am satisfied with the street activation activities organised by the Council BID
Q5 I participate in the BID street activation groups (yes/no question) if yes go to Q7
Yes/No
Q6 I am interested in participating in a BID street activation group
Q7 Do you think BID member meetings should be more frequent?
If yes, how often (write in) ……………………………………………
YES/NO/Don’t know
Q8 Do you have any comments in relation to the questions I’ve just asked?
(write in)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(read out) Now, Just a few questions about safety and amenities
Q9 (Read out scale again) Being able to access safety, crime prevention tools information and reporting forms all in one place through the BID website is something I value
Q10 The public space and amenity quality is good in the Council area
Q11 Do you have any comments about safety and amenities
(write in)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
And finally a few questions about communications (read out)
Q12 I a.
Bus101 quiz (Business Organizations)The due time is in 1hrs1 .docxcurwenmichaela
Bus101 quiz (Business Organizations)
The due time is in 1hrs
1/ Both socialism and communism are variations of:
Select one:
a. command economies.
b. competitive economies.
c. free-market economies.
d. plutocratic systems.
2 / To be effective, empowerment will require lower-level workers to :
Select one:
a. have more training.
b. accept less responsibility and lower wages.
c. receive less training.
d. have written policies regulating each aspect of their work.
3)
As a small business owner, Tanika can't afford to provide her employees with the high wages and benefits offered by big corporations. One way to retain her employees and create a high level of motivation would be to:
Select one:
a. threaten to fire her existing employees and hire new workers.
b. adopt a policy of promoting the workers who have been employed the longest.
c. empower her employees to develop their own ideas.
d. hire only family members, since they are more loyal.
4/
Anita is employed as plant manager for Mojo Industries, Incorporated. Though she spends some time performing all management functions, she is particularly concerned with tactical planning and controlling. Anita's position would be classified as part of Mojo's:
Select one:
a. top management.
b. lateral management.
c. supervisory management.
d. middle management.
5/
Which of the following policies would tend to foster entrepreneurship?
Select one:
a. establishing a currency that is tradable on world markets.
b. establishing more regulations to protect the environment.
c. developing policies to reduce corruption between individuals.
d. allowing public ownership of businesses.
6)
All else held equal, socially responsible firms:
Select one:
a. are viewed more favorably by consumers.
b. enjoy significantly higher profits.
c. often experience customer loyalty problems.
d. fail to earn sufficient profits for their owners.
7) After personal savings, the next largest source of capital for entrepreneurs is from:
Select one:
a. large multinational banks.
b. the Small Business Administration.
c. state and local governments.
d. friends and family.
8/
Patrick's Products has a manufacturing plant near Chicago. The plant specializes in compact washers and dryers for countries in which consumers have less living space. Patrick's Products participates in the global market through:
Select one:
a. importing.
b. dumping.
c. exporting.
d. balancing trade.
9/
Managers who listen to their subordinates and allow them to participate in decision-making are using the ____________ style of leadership.
Select one:
a. autocratic
b. free-rein
c. participative
d. bureaucratic
10/
Which of the following statements about partnerships is the most accurate?
Select one:
a. A partnership is simply a corporation with fewer than 100 owners.
b. A major advantage of a partnership is that it offers owners limited liability.
c. A major drawback of a partnership is that it is difficult to terminate.
d. Partnerships are taxed at the lowest corporate tax .
BUS 625 Week 4 Response to Discussion 2Guided Response Your.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 625 Week 4 Response to Discussion 2
Guided Response: Your initial response should be a minimum of 300 words in length. Respond to at least two of your classmates by commenting on their posts. Though two replies are the basic expectation for class discussions, for deeper engagement and learning, you are encouraged to provide responses to any comments or questions others have given to you.
Below there are two of my classmate’s discussion that needs I need to response to their names are Umadevi Sayana
and Britney Graves
Umadevi Sayana
TuesdayMar 17 at 7:50am
Manage Discussion Entry
Twitter mining analyzed the Twitter message in predicting, discovering, or investigating the causation. Twitter mining included text mining that designed specifically to leverage Twitter content and context tweets. With the use of text mining, twitter was able to include analysis of additional information that associates to tweets, which include hashtags, names, and other related characteristics. The mining also employs much information as several tweets, likes, retweets, and favorites trying to understand the considerations better. Twitter using text mining was successful in capturing and reflecting different events that relate to other conventional and social media. In 2013, there were over 500 million messages per day for twitter and became impossible for any human to analyze. It became important than to develop computer-based algorithms, including data mining. Twitter implements text mining in analyzing the sentiment that associates with twitter messages. It based on the analysis of the keyword that words are having a negative, positive, or neutral sentiment (Sunmoo, Noémie& Suzanne, (Links to an external site.)n.d). Positive words, for example like great, beautiful, love, and negative words of stupid, evil, and waste, do regularly have lexicons. Using text mining, Twitter was able to capture sentiments by capturing many dictionary symbols. Moreover, the sentiment applied to abbreviations, emoticons, and repeated characters, symbols, and abbreviations.
The sentiments on topics of economics, politics, and security are usually negative, and sentiments related to sports are harmful. Twitter also used text mining to collect and analyze for topic modeling techniques over time. To pull out the data from Twitter, TwitterR used. “Someone well versed in database architecture and data storage is needed to extract the relevant information in different databases and to merge them into a form that is useful for analysis” ( Sharpe, De Veaux & Velleman, 2019, p.753). It provides the interface that connects to Twitter web API; retweetedby/ids also used combined with RCurl package in finding out several tweets that retweeted. Text mining is also used in Twitter to clean the text by taking out hyperlinks, numbers, stop words, punctuations, followed by stem completion. Text mining also implemented for social network analysis.
Web mining focus on data knowledge discovery .
BUS 625 Week 2 Response for Discussion 1 & 2Week 2 Discussion 1 .docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 625 Week 2 Response for Discussion 1 & 2
Week 2 Discussion 1 Response
Guided Response: Your initial response should be a minimum of 300 words in length. Respond to at least two of your classmates by commenting on their posts. In your response, provide your own interpretation of their distribution graph. Note any differences between your classmate’s interpretation and your own. Though two replies are the basic expectation for class discussions, for deeper engagement and learning you are encouraged to provide responses to any comments or questions others have given to you. Continuing to engage with peers and the instructor will further the conversation and provide you with opportunities to demonstrate your content expertise, critical thinking, and real-world experiences with the discussion topics.
Below there are two of my classmate’s discussion that needs I need to response to their names are Kristopher Wentworth and Ashley Thiberville
Kristopher Wentworth
This graph is a representation of single people versus married couples from the year 1950 to the year 2019. This information was gathered and presented by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Census Bureau who have a good record of presenting accurate data and are highly credible. The U.S. Department of Commerce is responsible for promoting economic growth in the united states. The U.S. Census Bureau is an agency of the Federal government that is responsible for producing data about the people of America and the economy.
So, the graph that I chose to talk about is one showing the gap between how many people are married and how many people are single in the united states from 1950 - 2019. I chose this graph because it caught my attention right away because of the contrasting colors but also because of the information displayed. It is crazy to think that since 1950 the American population has more than doubled according to this graph and with the growing population, the numbers of married couples and singles rise too. However, if you look at the percentages of singles they haven't changed all too much. For example, the number of single Americans in 1950 was 37.3M and in 2019 it was 125.7M. Even with such a large population boom the percentage that was never married really hadn't changed going from 69% to 68%.
The presentation of this graph is excellent with the line graph being yellow and on a blue backdrop, it allows it to really stand out. The shape of the graph shows a sharp incline as the population in us explodes. Since this graph is focused on the single population of America it puts the focus on that with stats like "never been married, divorced, widowed" because there are multiple ways to be single and really only one way to be married.
Ashley Thiberville
The above histogram was compiled by the United States Census Bureau to show the rise of one-person households in the US. The Census Bureau is a branch of the Department of Commerce within the United States gov.
Bus 626 Week 6 - Discussion Forum 1Guided Response Respon.docxcurwenmichaela
Bus 626 Week 6 - Discussion Forum 1
Guided Response: Respond to at least two of your fellow students’ and to your instructor’s posts in a substantive manner and provide information or concepts that they may not have considered. Each response should have a minimum of 100 words. Support your position by using information from the week’s readings. You are encouraged to post your required replies earlier in the week to promote more meaningful and interactive discourse in this discussion forum. Continue to monitor the discussion forum until Day 7 and respond with robust dialogue to anyone who replies to your initial post.
Jocelyn Harnett
Egypt has a sizable trade deficit that has continued to grow through the 21st century. The country has imports that make up a third of GDP and exports that make up one tenth of GDP. Egypt has many critical trade partners that include China, the United States, and the Gulf Arab countries. Throughout history Egypt has had an unstable government which has led to an unstable economy. This is related to the fluctuations the country has experienced in tariffs and taxes. The country has stabilized in recent years, but the historic instability still remains a critical factor when considering the expansion of Wal-Mart into Egypt. The trade deficit would not be a concern under normal conditions due to the fact that this means money is flowing into the country and creating new opportunities, but because the government is not stable Wal-Mart would want to ascertain that money was being invested properly in the future. If money is not being utilized correctly than the trade deficit becomes a concern because future generations are inheriting a debt that had no payback associated with it. The exchange rate of the Egyptian pound has gotten stronger to the US Dollar, which is a good indicator the economy is heading in the correct direction. Wal-Mart expansion could benefit from getting into the market in Egypt at the right time to see major profits.
Egypt is a market that will continue to grow as the internal government becomes stabilized and the country continues to focus on improving the economic welfare of the people. Currently the market in Egypt is volatile and companies that select to make an investment here must be aware of the many different cultural aspects that will affect success. The government is working to “find solutions and solve difficulties for people and businesses” (Bawaba, 2019) and has seen success in the first half of 2019. “At the time of May 31, 2019, the whole country had 721,516 businesses doing business, increasing 23,921 enterprises (3.43 %) compared to the end of 2018.” (Bawaba, 2019). This sort of success validates a foreign company wanting to make an investment, but continued analysis of the country’s government stability will be needed before each new storefront is added.
References:
Bawaba, A. (2019). Egypt : "Reviewing tax policies, finding solutions to solve difficulties for people and .
BUS 499, Week 8 Corporate Governance Slide #TopicNarration.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 499, Week 8: Corporate Governance
Slide #
Topic
Narration
1
Introduction
Welcome to Senior Seminar in Business Administration.
In this lesson we will discuss Corporate Governance.
Please go to the next slide.
2
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe how corporate governance affects strategic decisions.
Please go to the next slide.
3
Supporting Topics
In order to achieve these objectives, the following supporting topics will be covered:
Separation of ownership and managerial control;
Ownership concentration;
Board of directors;
Market for corporate control;
International corporate governance; and
Governance mechanisms and ethical behavior.
Please go to the next slide.
4
Separation of Ownership and Managerial Control
To start off the lesson, corporate governance is defined as a set of mechanisms used to manage the relationship among stakeholders and to determine and control the strategic direction and performance of organizations. Corporate governance is concerned with identifying ways to ensure that decisionsare made effectively and that they facilitate strategic competitiveness. Another way to think of governance is to establish and maintain harmony between parties.
Traditionally, U. S. firms were managed by founder- owners and their descendants. As firms became larger the managerial revolution led to a separation of ownership and control in most large corporations. This control of the firm shifted from entrepreneurs to professional managers while ownership became dispersed among unorganized stockholders. Due to these changes modern public corporation was created and was based on the efficient separation of ownership and managerial control.
The separation of ownership and managerial control allows shareholders to purchase stock. This in turn entitles them to income from the firm’s operations after paying expenses. This requires that shareholders take a risk that the firm’s expenses may exceed its revenues.
Shareholders specialize in managing their investment risk. Those managing small firms also own a significant percentage of the firm and there is often less separation between ownership and managerial control. Meanwhile, in a large number of family owned firms, ownership and managerial control are not separated at all. The primary purpose of most large family firms is to increase the family’s wealth.
The separation between owners and managers creates an agencyrelationship. An agency relationship exists when one or more persons hire another person or persons as decision- making specialists to perform a service. As a result an agency relationship exists when one party delegates decision- making responsibility to a second party for compensation. Other examples of agency relationships are consultants and clients and insured and insurer. An agency relationship can also exist between managers and their employees, as well as between top- level managers and the firm’s owners.
The sep.
BUS 499, Week 6 Acquisition and Restructuring StrategiesSlide #.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 499, Week 6: Acquisition and Restructuring Strategies
Slide #
Topic
Narration
1
Introduction
Welcome to Business Administration.
In this lesson we will discuss Acquisition and Restructuring Strategies.
Please go to the next slide.
2
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm.
Please go to the next slide.
3
Supporting Topics
In order to achieve this objective, the following supporting topics will be covered:
The popularity of merger and acquisition strategies;
Reasons for acquisitions;
Problems in achieving acquisition success;
Effective acquisitions; and
Restructuring.
Please go to the next slide.
4
The Popularity of Merger and Acquisition Strategies
The acquisition strategy has been a popular strategy among U.S. firms for many years. Some believe that this strategy played a central role in an effective restructuring of U.S. business during the 1980s and 1990s and into the twenty-first century.
An acquisition strategy is sometimes used because of the uncertainty in the competitive landscape. A firm may make an acquisition to increase its market power because of a competitive threat, to enter a new market because of the opportunity available in that market, or to spread the risk due to the uncertain environment.
The strategic management process calls for an acquisition strategy to increase a firm’s strategic competitiveness as well as its returns to shareholders. Thus, an acquisition strategy should be used only when the acquiring firm will be able to increase its value through ownership of the acquired firm and the use of its assets.
Please go to the next slide.
5
Mergers, Acquisitions, and Takeovers
A merger is a strategy through which two firms agree to integrate their operations on a relatively coequal basis. Few true mergers actually occur, because one party is usually dominant in regard to market share or firm size.
An acquisition is a strategy through which one firm buys a controlling, or one hundred percent, interest in another firm with the intent of making the acquired firm a subsidiary business within its portfolio. In this case, the management of the acquired firm reports to the management of the acquiring firm. Although most mergers are friendly transactions, acquisitions can be friendly or unfriendly.
A takeover is a special type of an acquisition strategy wherein the target firm does not solicit the acquiring firm’s bid. The number of unsolicited takeover bids increased in the economic downturn of 2001 to 2002, a common occurrence in economic recessions; because the poorly managed firms that are undervalued relative to their assets are more easily identified.
On a comparative basis, acquisitions are more common than mergers and takeovers.
Please go to the next slide.
6
Reasons for Acquisitions
There are a number of reasons firms decide to acquire another company. These are:
Increased market power;
Overcoming entry barriers;
Co.
BUS 499, Week 4 Business-Level Strategy, Competitive Rivalry, and.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 499, Week 4: Business-Level Strategy, Competitive Rivalry, and Competitive Dynamics
Slide #
Topic
Narration
1
Introduction
Welcome to Senior Seminar in Business Administration.
In this lesson, we will discuss Business-Level Strategy, Competitive Rivalry, and Competitive Dynamics.
Next slide.
2
Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify various levels and types of strategy in a firm.
Next slide.
3
Supporting Topics
In order to achieve this objective, the following supporting topics will be covered:
Customers: their relationship with business-level strategies;
The purpose of a business-level strategy;
Types of business-level strategies;
A model of competitive rivalry;
Competitor analysis;
Drivers of competitive actions and responses;
Competitive rivalry;
Likelihood of attack;
Likelihood of response; and
Competitive dynamics.
Next slide.
4
Customer Relationships
Strategic competitiveness results only when the firm is able to satisfy a group of customers by using its competitive advantages as the basis for competing in individual product markets. A key reason firms must satisfy customers with their business-level strategy is that returns earned from relationships with customers are the lifeblood of all organizations. The most successful companies try to find new ways to satisfy current customers and/or meet the needs of new customers.
The firm’s relationships with its customers are strengthened when it delivers superior value to them. Strong interactive relationships with customers often provide the foundation for the firm’s efforts to profitably serve customers’ unique needs.
The reach dimension of relationships with customers is concerned with the firm’s access and connection to customers. Richness is concerned with the depth and detail of the two-way flow of information between the firm and the customer. Affiliation is concerned with facilitating useful interactions with customers.
Deciding who the target customer is that the firm intends to serve with its business-level strategy is an important decision. Companies divide customers into groups based on differences in the customers’ needs to make this decision. Dividing customers into groups based on their needs is called market segmentation, which is a process that clusters people with similar needs into individual and identifiable groups.
Next slide.
5
Customer Relationships, continued
After the firm decides who it will serve, it must identify the targeted customer group’s needs that its good or services can satisfy. Successful firms learn how to deliver to customers what they want and when they want it. In a general sense, needs are related to a product’s benefits and features. Having close and frequent interactions with both current and potential customers helps firms identify those individuals’ and groups’ current and future needs.
As explained in previous lessons, core competencies are resources and capabilities that serve as a source of.
BUS 437 Project Procurement Management Discussion QuestionsWe.docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 437 Project Procurement Management Discussion Questions
Week 2 Discussion
“Effective Management.” There are three (3) recommendations for effective management of projects in concurrent multiphase environments: Organizational System Design, System Implementation, and Managing in Concurrent Engineering.· Which of these three (3) recommendations for effective management would you or do you use most often? Why?
Week 3 Discussion
Top of Form
“Managing Configuration and Data for Effective Project Management.” The process protocol model consists of thirteen (13) steps from Inception to Feedback.· What are the steps?· Can any be skipped in this process model? What are the steps?
Week 4 Discussion“Organizational Project Management Maturity Model.” Students will respond to the following:· What is the four-step process of innovation and learning and how can your organization apply these steps to manage a project?· Of the five (5) levels of an organizational project management maturity model, which level is often the most difficult to manage? Why?
INTEGRATED SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT
(FINC 300, INFO 300, MGMT 300, MKTG 300)
DUE: April 12, 2019
INSTRUCTIONS:
The objective of the integrated semester is to help you extend your knowledge of how the finance,
operations, management, and marketing disciplines work and how they integrate their functioning in
the real world of business. This assignment is an assessment of how well you understand this
integration. It is worth 10% of your course grade.
YOUR ASSIGNMENT IS TO ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS, IN A SINGLE DOCUMENT:
• The assignment should be prepared as a Word document, 12 -14 pages in length (approx. 3
pages for each discipline’s questions).
• The document should be double spaced, using Ariel font #12.
• Label each section (e.g., FINANCE) to indicate which discipline’s questions you are
answering.
• Add any Appendices at the end of the Word document.
• Upload the entire Word file through the link on Canvas to each of your Integrated Semester
courses by the due date.
Note: Your reference sources, in addition to the base case and question sets, should be online sites
and articles, Bloomberg terminals, your Integrated Semester textbooks and PowerPoint slides. Also
note, Turnitin, a software tool that improves writing and prevents plagiarism, will be used to assess
your sourcing of information. Do your own work.
FINANCE ASSIGNMENT
The objective of the integrated semester is to help you extend your knowledge of how the finance,
operations, management, and marketing disciplines work and how they integrate their functioning in
the real world of business. This assignment is an assessment of how well you understand this
integration. It is worth 10% of your course grade.
Use either the Bloomberg terminals located at the Feliciano School of Business or other reputable
sources such as finance.yahoo.com, morningstar.com or Wall Street Jo.
BUS 480.01HY Case Study Assignment Instructions .docxcurwenmichaela
BUS 480.01HY Case Study Assignment
Instructions
Instructions: Each of you have been assigned a company to complete a case study analysis report.
The case distribution can be found on BlackBoard (course content -> case study analysis - > case
study distribution). Complete a thorough research on your company in order to complete the
analysis. It is required for you to use scholarly journals and peer-reviewed articles, which can be
found on the University’s website in the library section. I have provided you with very detailed
information on how to complete a thorough case analysis report. I am available during my office
hours to discuss. I will also schedule a case analysis session during lunch time this week. If you are
able to make it, please attend for one-on-one assistance.
Your “draft is due this Thursday, October 11th. I am not looking for perfection here, but please do
your best in writing and researching. Your final product will be due on Thursday, October 18th.
BUS 480.01HY Case Study Assignment
Instructions
1. Format – please review the case study format guidelines placed on BlackBoard
The use of headers and sub-headers is strongly suggested
2. Submission
1. Submit to BlackBoard (course content -> case study analysis - > Case Study Analysis
Report). Failure to submit in proper area will result in a 0.
3. Introduction
In 3-4 paragraphs describe the case facts and background. This should include BRIEF
information about the firm, however do NOT simply duplicate what is in the case itself.
As things change quickly in business, you may wish to check the current status of the
firm and briefly discuss the most current information.
4. Body
This should be about 4-5 pages in length (minimum – this is only a guideline). Review
posted guidelines for more information/detail
a) State the Problem/Key Issues
What are the key marketing or business issues in the case? These might be problems,
opportunities or challenges the firm is facing. For example:
o Sales have declined by 10 percent in the last year.
o The competition has launched a new and innovative product.
o Consumer tastes have changed and the firm’s most successful product is at risk.
o The CEO made a public racial slur and has affected the company internally and
externally.
5. Conclusion (include recommendations in this section)
For the issues you identified above, you must identify potential solutions and analyze
each of them. For example, for the decline in sales noted above we might try any of the
following, among other options:
1. increase advertising
2. develop a new product
3. implement diversity training
4. launch a brand awareness campaign
For each of the alternatives, you should analyze the costs, benefits, resources required
and possible outcomes. Typically, you will have 3-4 of these alternatives. Any given
alternative solution might address multiple issues. If t.
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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NEWSWHAT’S NEW NOWWhy 2015 May Be the Year We Solve Ne.docx
1. NEWS
WHAT’S NEW NOW
Why 2015 May Be the Year
We Solve Net Neutrality
BY CHLOE ALBANESIUS
T
he Internet is an amazing innovation that has transformed the
world as
we know it. But how do we keep it open and accessible to all?
Can
Internet service providers be trusted to police themselves and
let
competition guide the way? Or should regulators step in and set
up rules of the
road to ensure equal access to the Web?
These questions have been plaguing regulators and ISPs alike
for years now,
but it’s looking as though there’s the possibility that in 2015 the
Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) will finally issue rules that
actually stick.
And the agency might get there by taking a very controversial
route.
OPEN
2. NET NEUTRALITY?
You’ve probably heard the term “net neutrality.”
Perhaps your eyes glazed over as politicians droned on
about “Internet fast lanes” or “protecting the Internet.”
But what are they talking about? The Internet seems to
be working just fine, right?
Therein lies the dilemma. The Internet does indeed
work quite well, but there are those who are concerned
that that might not always be the case. Net neutrality,
therefore, is the idea that everyone should have equal
access to the Internet. Amazon, for example, should not
be able to pay for Amazon.com to load faster than
eBay.com or Etsy.com. ISPs, meanwhile, are at liberty
to speed up (or slow down) their entire networks, but
they cannot cut off access to one particular website or
platform (such as Netflix) because those sites are eating
up a ton of bandwidth.
In theory, all parties in the net neutrality debate are in
agreement about those basic tenets. But they disagree
over whether the government needs to step in and
monitor the situation. If you ask the ISPs, they are fully
capable of policing themselves and would never actively
break the rules of net neutrality because they would lose
customers. They also argue that requiring them to
follow onerous rules would make them less inclined to
invest in new technologies—like gigabit Internet—for
fear that they would not be able to run their networks as
they please.
On the other side, though, are consumer groups and
certain lawmakers who point to examples of ISPs
behaving badly. In fact, the modern-day net neutrality
debate started with accusations that Comcast was
cutting off access to peer-to-peer networks such as
3. BitTorrent during peak times in order to better manage
its network. Meanwhile, consumers in many cities do
not have multiple options when it comes to high-speed
Internet providers, meaning if they don’t like their
Internet speeds or service, they’re stuck.
The Internet
does indeed
work quite
well, but there
are those who
are concerned
that that
might not
always be
the case.
COMCAST VS. THE FCC
The net neutrality battle royal dates back to 2007, when
Comcast was accused of cutting off access to P2P
networks. Comcast admitted to delaying traffic during
peak times, but denied that it ever blocked access. But a
complaint was filed with the FCC, and the agency’s
then-Chairman Kevin Martin stepped in to issue an
enforcement action against Comcast in late 2008.
There were no fines, but the FCC called on Comcast to
be more transparent about how it runs its network—and
to stop the P2P blocking. Failure to do so meant the
potential for fines or another enforcement action.
By that time, then–presidential candidate Barack
4. Obama had publicly voiced his support for net
neutrality, so the issue was picking up steam, and
political lines were drawn.
Comcast responded by appealing the FCC’s decision
on the grounds that it was “legally inappropriate.” We
support net neutrality, Comcast said, but Congress—not
the FCC—should make the rules. More than a year later,
in April 2010, a court sided with Comcast and vacated
the FCC’s enforcement action.
VERIZON VS. THE FCC
Under the leadership of a new chairman, Julius
Genachowski, the FCC got to work crafting actual net
neutrality rules in the wake of the Comcast ruling.
After months of back-and-forth with the FCC’s
legal team, a divided commission approved an
order in December 2010 that included three high-
level rules: transparency, no blocking, and no
unreasonable discrimination.
The ISPs were not willing to take that lying down,
though, and this time it was Verizon that sued the
FCC—again on the grounds that it had no authority to
handle this issue. It took several years for that case to
wend its way through the system, but in January 2014
history repeated itself and a court sided with Verizon.
THIRD TIME’S THE CHARM?
That brings us to today and yet another FCC chairman, Tom
Wheeler, who
decided to take up the net neutrality issue once again. But
seeing as how the
FCC was rebuffed by the courts twice, Wheeler knew he needed
5. a different
approach. What he initially came up with, however, was not
exactly what net
neutrality advocates had in mind.
Wheeler floated the idea of allowing broadband providers to
strike deals for
prioritized traffic, provided those deals are “commercially
reasonable.” The
move was puzzling because it seemed to be the complete
opposite of what net
neutrality was intended to do.
The idea was never really fleshed out (publicly at least), and the
FCC didn’t
identify what would qualify as “commercially reasonable.” The
only example the
agency provided was a prioritized connection to someone with
an at-home heart
rate monitor that didn’t significantly impact Internet traffic to
anyone else. But
detractors envisioned a major broadband provider striking a
deal with a
company like Netflix to serve streams faster than those of a
rival, such as Hulu.
Wheeler repeatedly insisted that it was not his intention to
allow for deals
that created Internet fast lanes, and said his agency would stop
any ISP that
tried to do that. But the uproar prompted the chairman to water
down his
proposal. When the FCC voted in May 2014, it merely asked for
public comment
on the idea of paid prioritization rather than lay out actual rules.
6. And comment Americans did. When all was said and done, the
FCC had
received more than three million public comments on the issue.
PRESIDENT OBAMA WEIGHS IN
Throughout the net neutrality debate, one controversial option
has been
considered but never implemented: reclassifying broadband
Internet as a
telecom service.
FCC IN THE
HOT SEAT
Tom Wheeler, the
current chairman of
the FCC, is facing
controversy over
approaches for
dealing with the issue
of net neutrality in
the United States.
It sounds like a major yawn, but the mere thought of
reclassification (known
in D.C.-speak as Title II for its placement in the
Communications Act) is enough
to give the nation’s ISPs and wireless carriers a massive
coronary.
Right now, broadband is considered an “information service”
rather than a
“telecom service.” Reclassifying it as a telecom service would
give the FCC more
authority to regulate the industry, and lessen the chances that
7. future net
neutrality rules would be struck down.
But it’s largely considered a last resort. The road to classifying
broadband as
an information service prompted a court battle that went all the
way to the
Supreme Court in the Brand X case. So any move to reverse that
decision is sure
to face a similarly fierce battle.
One person who is on board with reclassification? President
Obama. In
November, he called on the FCC to develop “the strongest
possible rules to
protect net neutrality”—via Title II.
Reaction was swift, with those in the cable industry saying they
were
“stunned” and the wireless industry calling it a “tectonic shift
[that] would
create devastating results.” AT&T even said it would “pause”
its gigabit Internet
rollout until the uncertainty surrounding net neutrality was
resolved.
Wheeler said he would consider Obama’s proposal, and during a
recent
appearance at the Consumer Electronics Show, Wheeler
suggested that Title II
is on the table.
Though he declined to lay out the specifics of his plan—which
he will circulate
to his fellow commissioners on February 5—Wheeler told CES
attendees that
8. “there is a way to do Title II right.”
5 6
A FRIEND IN THE
OVAL OFFICE
President Obama
has expressed
support for
reclassifying
broadband Internet
as a telecom
service, thus giving
the FCC more
authority over it. ni
Ultimately, the FCC wants to ensure that “innovators
and consumers have open access to the networks” while
also “creating an environment that provides sufficient
incentive for the ISPs to want to invest [and] build more
and better networks,” Wheeler said.
THE CONGRESS PROBLEM
Ultimately, the easiest way to get net neutrality rules on
the books is for Congress to pass a bill and for President
Obama to sign it into law. But that’s a tall order,
especially with the Republicans now in control of both
the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Democrats have introduced a number of net
neutrality bills over the years, but none has made much
progress. Republicans, meanwhile, have drafted
legislation that upholds the basics of net neutrality
(with some very broad caveats) but would ban action
9. on Title II. So it will be tough to get past President
Obama’s desk.
THE ROAD AHEAD
Reclassification is not a given. As President Obama
pointed out last year, “The FCC is an independent
agency, and ultimately this decision is theirs alone.”
The FCC could, of course, just leave the issue alone,
but as those three million comments might suggest,
people are clearly passionate about the issue—on both
sides. And the Internet is not going anywhere. As more
and more people get online, start Web-based
businesses, switch over to mobile-only households, and
just generally live more digital lives, we’re going to need
some rules of the road.
Chairman Wheeler appears to realize this. His new
rules—whatever they may be—are scheduled to go up
for a vote at the agency’s February 26 open meeting.
That could change, but at this point, the FCC is on track
to go into battle once again.
We’re going
to need
some rules
of the road.
PC MAGAZINE DIGITAL EDITION I SUBSCRIBE I
FEBRUARY 2015
Copyright of PC Magazine is the property of ZDNet and its
content may not be copied or
10. emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the
copyright holder's express written
permission. However, users may print, download, or email
articles for individual use.
KIPLINGER’S PERSONAL FINANCE 02/201814
AHEAD
WHAT’S THE DEAL?
5 QUESTIONS ABOUT
NET NEUTRALITY
New rules could change the way you use
the internet, and you may pay more.
has new members appointed
by President Trump, argues
that paid prioritization (so-
called fast lanes) and other
practices could benefit con-
sumers and shouldn’t be
banned outright.
The new rules switch the
web back to a lightly regu-
lated information system
and scrap the regulations
that barred blocking or
throttling legal content and
banned fast lanes. What’s
left is a transparency rule
that forces web providers to
disclose their business prac-
11. tices to customers if they
block or throttle online
data, or if they strike deals
to speed up certain content
via fast lanes.
Many consumers don’t
think too highly of their
cable or internet service
provider. In a 2017 cus-
tomer satisfaction survey,
cable companies and ISPs
ranked dead last among 43
industries.
Consumers also recoil at
the idea of having their un-
fettered access to the inter-
net change drastically. Plus,
many customers find com-
petition for high-speed home
web service lacking, and
they worry about broadband
providers hiking prices or
rolling out unfair practices.
The debate has incited
both sides of the political
aisle, with Republicans
cheering the regulatory
rollback and Democrats
fiercely opposing it.
Who will police bad behavior?
The FCC says that the move
12. reinstates the Federal Trade
Commission’s authority to
police deceptive or unfair
practices, and that state
attorneys general still can
crack down on companies
for breaches of their terms
and agreements. The FCC
also points to the antitrust
tools that the Department
of Justice can use to crack
down on future anticompet-
itive behavior. The FCC can
dole out fines to companies
that fail to meet transpar-
ency requirements.
NET NEUTRALITY IS THE IDEA
that all legal internet con-
tent should be treated
equally by internet service
providers. Comcast, Verizon
and other web services, the
thinking goes, are conduits
to the World Wide Web and
should abide by certain
rules. They shouldn’t speed
up, slow down or block cer-
tain sites, for instance. Net
neutrality has become a ral-
lying cry for web advocates
looking to defend what they
call the “free and open” in-
ternet. The theory is simple
to lay out, but in practice it’s
a more complex debate.
13. What’s happening now, and
why is the debate so heated?
The Federal Communica-
tions Commission is revers-
ing a 2015 order that im-
posed stringent rules on
broadband. The FCC, which
How will internet providers
react to the new rules? If the
rules take hold, internet pro-
viders would slowly but
surely launch a new crop of
money-making services. Ex-
pect fast lanes to crop up for
services such as virtual real-
ity gaming and telehealth.
Cellular providers would
launch more zero-rated
plans, which let users stream
certain apps and websites
without hitting their data
cap. These plans were at risk
of violating the 2015 rules,
so some providers were re-
luctant to offer them.
T-Mobile, for instance,
has used such plans to let
customers use music-
streaming apps and more.
In T-Mobile’s case, no
money is exchanged, but the
apps must meet T-Mobile’s
technical requirements.
14. Will my internet cost more? It’s
possible consumers will save
money for some services.
Offering zero-rated services
for cellular plans makes
streaming data cheaper. As
cellular providers duke it
out in a competitive wireless
market, prices will stay low
for mobile data. And next-
generation 5G wireless tech-
nology should spur more
competition in some urban
areas. But the FCC rules will
likely embolden more broad-
band companies to launch
data caps for home service
and charge extra when users
go over their limit.
What happens next? The
fight over net neutrality
is headed for another
round of court battles,
which could delay the
new regulations from kick-
ing in. JOHN MILEY
ILLUSTRATION BY VALÉRY GOULET
K2-AHEAD.1.indd 14K2-AHEAD.1.indd 14 12/15/17 2:31
PM12/15/17 2:31 PM
Copyright of Kiplinger's Personal Finance is the property of
15. Kiplinger Washington Editors
Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple
sites or posted to a listserv
without the copyright holder's express written permission.
However, users may print,
download, or email articles for individual use.
8 T E A C H E R L I B R A R I A N 4 5 : 4
HELEN R. ADAMS AND CHRISTOPHER HARRIS
“Without Net Neutrality,
curriculum decisions may be
influenced by ISPs.”
Net Neutrality is the concept that Inter-net service providers
(ISP) must treat
all Internet content equally “regardless of its
kind, source, or destination” (Merriam-Web-
ster, n.d.). Under Net Neutrality, ISPs were
not allowed to speed up, slow down, favor, or
block Internet traffi c.
Net Neutrality protections were created in 2015 by the Federal
Communications
Commission (FCC), an independent government agency that
oversees and en-
forces communications laws and regulations for state, national,
and international
16. communications via radio, television, cable, wire, and satellite
(FCC, n.d). Under
its 2015 “Open Internet Order,” the FCC changed the classifi
cation of ISPs from
“information services” to “telecommunication services.” With
that change, In-
ternet service providers became “common carriers,” public
utilities like phone
companies that cannot charge different rates for carrying the
same content. The
“Open Internet Order” prevented the creation of “slow lanes”
and “fast lanes”
for Internet traffi c. This reclassifi cation occurred because,
under a lawsuit brought
by Verizon in 2014, a federal court struck down the ability of
the FCC to impose
Net Neutrality aspects of antiblocking and antislowing on
information services
(McArdle, 2015).
revokinG net neutrality
Never a fan of Net Neutrality, FCC chairman Ajit Pai,
designated chair of the
commission by President Trump in January 2017, signaled early
in his term his
17. intent to dismantle Net Neutrality protections. In May 2017, the
FCC issued “Re-
storing Internet Freedom Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.” Its
purpose was to
“restore the Internet to a light-touch
regulatory framework” and to change
broadband Internet service back to an
“information service” (FCC, 2017).
The news that the FCC intended to
reverse Net Neutrality created huge re-
actions by advocates who wanted Inter-
net activity to continue with all infor-
mation, content, websites, and services
treated equally. The FCC received 21.8
million comments, most protesting the
rule change, but a controversy over
millions of duplicate messages sent by
spambots caused Ajit Pai to announce
that the FCC would consider only
18. those that “introduced new facts into
the record or made serious legal argu-
ments” (Romano, 2017). In addition to
comments, there were protests against
the impending FCC action. On July
12, 2017, the American Library Asso-
ciation (ALA) and nearly two hundred
other organizations participated in
“Day of Action,” an online protest to
save Net Neutrality (ALA, 2017).
On December 14, 2017, FCC com-
missioners revoked Network Neutral-
ity rules by a 3–2 vote. As a result, ISPs
can now legally offer “tiered service”
favoring some websites, services, and
applications with faster connections,
blocking others, or charging some con-
Net Neutrality
19. Why It Matters to School Librarians
F e a t u r e A R T I C L E
tent providers greater fees to connect
to their customers (Fung, 2017). This
is the “fast lane” and “slow lane” con-
cept. Under the new FCC order, ISPs
are required to reveal their service pro-
visions to customers, but transparency
does not mean equitable access. Trans-
parency is only feasible when there is
a viable marketplace where customers
such as schools can select service from
a company that better refl ects their
needs. A deeper issue that consumers
face, however, is the nebulous nature
of the Internet. Even if a consumer’s
direct ISP is not fi ltering traffi c, other
20. steps in the connection between the
consumer and the content being ac-
cessed may cause a problem.
Regardless of the vote, this issue is
not over. Political discourse, legal ac-
tion, and active advocacy will continue.
The FCC’s actions are expected to trig-
ger legal challenges. On the day of the
vote, the New York State Offi ce of the
Attorney General (2017) announced
that it will spearhead a multistate law-
suit to fi ght the elimination of Net
Neutrality rules.
ALA and other advocates will con-
tinue to work toward restoration of
Net Neutrality. ALA president Jim
Neal asserts,
Teachers, librarians and students
21. in K–12 schools have benefi ted enor-
mously from effective and equitable
access to Internet resources, appli-
cations, educational materials, and
communities of learning. The dis-
mantling of Net Neutrality places
this educational innovation at risk,
as the speed and quality of access is
eroded, and all ideas and perspec-
tives are not treated equally. (per-
sonal communication, December
28, 2017)
potential consequences For
schools
Although there is considerable specu-
lation, the full impact of the end of
Net Neutrality for schools and school
libraries is unknown at this time and
may remain so for many months. Rob-
22. ert Bocher, senior fellow for ALA’s Of-
fi ce for Information Technology Policy,
notes that broadband providers and
ISPs can now legally make decisions
regarding the content that is carried
on their networks related to its speed
and cost (personal communication,
December 31, 2017). This changes the
role of both a school and library’s ISPs
and all of the interconnected networks
from being neutral carriers of content
to potentially being gatekeepers of
content. This change could be direct—
slowing down or even blocking content
based on provider or topic—or more
indirect—with information content
providers charging schools and librar-
ies to recoup costs imposed by their
23. ISP or other network providers.
Marijke Visser, associate director
for the Offi ce for Information Tech-
nology Policy at the ALA Washington
offi ce, provided some insight into the
effect for schools. A major concern is
whether educational content will be
slowed down so ISPs can give preferen-
tial treatment in a “fast lane” to content
that will give them greater fi nancial re-
turn or in which they have ownership.
Visser expressed special concern for
rural areas, explaining,
If provider X starts throttling
[slowing] content for a school, then
the school would have no other op-
tion but to move its business to an-
other ISP that would not throttle
24. school-based content (or content it
teen issues
Balinson, Andrea. depression, anxiety
and bipolar disorders (Living with
Diseases and Disorders). Mason
Crest, 2018. 64p. LB $31.93. ISBN:
9781422237557. Grades 7-12. With a
brief glossary preceding each chapter,
the reader understands the vocabulary.
Back matter has some valuable
information including a Q-code video to
show students how to help friends with
depression. The section “What to Say and
What Not to Say” is powerful. Additional
reading, extensive glossary, and index are
included.
Goldy-Brown, Sarah. autism spectrum
disorder (Diseases and Disorders). Lucent
Greenhaven, 2018. 104p. LB $39.90. ISBN:
978153456122-9. Grades 7-10. The broad
range of Autism manifests itself in many
ways. Understanding the range helps the
person as well as friends and family. Each
chapter discusses the causes, treatments,
and the features of autism. Fact boxes
condense facts for a quicker read. Chapter
notes, glossary, further information, and
index conclude this rich title.
Haelle, Tara. vaccination investigation:
the history and science of vaccines.
Twenty-First Century, 2018. 120p. LB
$37.32.ISBN: 97-1512425307. Grades
25. 8-12. Beginning chapters cover the
history of vaccines, and the author also
presents a chapter, “Pushback against
Vaccines,” which is useful for research
including cultural understanding of why
some people choose not to get vaccines.
Very informative fact boxes are included.
Extensive back matter will serve the
research student.
Orr, Tamra B. coping with breakups and
Jealousy (Coping). RosenYA, 2018. 112p.
LB $27.85. ISBN: 9781508173885.Grades
7-12. This series deals with current social
issues that teens are concerned with such
as cyberbullying, gender dysphoria, racial
inequality and more. Well-developed
fact boxes and charts assist teens in
handling these issues. A glossary, in-depth
bibliography, and index conclude this title.
bookmarkIT
s a r a c a t h e r i n e h o W a r d
ya nonFiction
A P R I L 2 0 1 8 9
dismantling Net Neutrality rules will
affect schools. He posed the question,
“Will school districts be stuck with the
26. bill for higher transport costs levied
on digital content providers?” (CoSN,
2017). He was concerned that, under
the new FCC order, requiring ISPs to
disclose their pricing and practices
does nothing to protect schools from
higher carriage fees charged by ISPs to
licensed educational content providers,
such as reference databases, and then
passed along to schools (personal com-
munication, December 16, 2017). In
other words, even if the school’s direct
service provider is completely transpar-
ent about not charging the school, any
other provider in the chain between the
school and the content provider could
be imposing fees that result in a higher
cost to the school.
27. Scott Floyd, chief technology officer
for White Oak ISD in Texas, articulates
the uncertainty for districts like his,
The ISPs will have the power to
decide who they allow full access
and who they do not. Sadly, it will
all revolve around who is paying for
the extra usage and who isn’t. Does
that mean Google tools like Hangout
or Microsoft’s Skype will be slowed?
Only time will tell, but there will be
no rules in place protecting those
tools and keeping the bandwidth
constant for everyone. In the end,
the dollar makes the decision. (per-
sonal communication, December 4,
2017)
possible solutions
28. Solution
s for schools facing a future
without Net Neutrality are not plen-
tiful and favor those with strength in
numbers of districts, large and small,
banding together into groups to cre-
ate leverage. Krueger sees regional or
statewide educational networking con-
sortia as one potential solution:
Those schools and libraries that
are from larger organizations and/
or can aggregate their purchasing
29. power through cooperative purchas-
ing are likely to be best protected in
this new world. State education net-
works, RENs, and state contracts
are all likely to be able to better
protect rural schools and libraries.
(personal communication, Decem-
ber 16, 2017)
He recommends that those with
market choices work toward contracts
that “prohibit blocking, throttling, and
paid prioritization—in other words,
30. embedding Net Neutrality in their
contracts.”
In rural regions, municipal broad-
band may be a strong possibility, but
the same companies that fought hard
to kill Net Neutrality are also trying to
block this potential solution. Currently
there are battles in many state legisla-
tures to prevent the creation of mu-
nicipal broadband providers that offer
competition to established ISPs, and
more than 20 states ban or limit mu-
nicipal broadband networks (Chang,
31. 2016). School districts, especially
smaller or rural districts, may need to
collaborate on contracts or work with
local municipalities or public libraries
to gain sufficient bargaining power to
dictate favorable terms.
net neutrality and
intellectual Freedom
With Net Neutrality eliminated, In-
ternet users in K–12 schools face an
10 T E A C H E R L I B R A R I A N 4 5 : 4
wanted to use like some YouTube
video on chemical compounds or a
32. video from National Geographic on
bird migration). (personal commu-
nication, December 7, 2017)
Without Net Neutrality, curricu-
lum decisions may be influenced by
ISPs. What if ISP X signs a deal with
McGraw-Hill to make it the exclu-
sive digital textbook partner? As a re-
sult, access to other digital textbooks
could be terminated or slowed down.
Or perhaps the local ISP makes deci-
sions about which streaming video
33. services will work. These are curricu-
lum decisions that should be made by
the school, but because access comes
through the ISP, it can intrude upon
local decision-making.
An easy solution would be for the
school to change to an ISP that would
agree not to filter traffic. Unfortu-
nately, in many rural areas, there are
often few choices for ISPs, creating a
lack of competition. An FCC report
from June 2017 found that about 75%
of U.S. census block regions have zero
34. choice in terms of high speed Internet/
broadband access (Brodkin, 2017).
The FCC has claimed that market
competition will provide a check on
potential ISP abuse. “Given the ex-
tent of competition in Internet access
supply,” the FCC’s (2017) new order
states, “the protections regulating ISPs
are not necessary” (p. 144). Despite
the frequent claims of competition
throughout the document, the statis-
tics included by the FCC show that
35. competition is not as widespread as it
would like to claim.
Cost is also a factor. Consortium on
School Networking (CoSN) CEO Keith
Krueger alluded to costs when he asked
FCC commissioners to consider how
abridgement of their intellectual free-
dom. Under Net Neutrality, ISPs were
required to treat all Internet traffic
equitably, reflecting the principal of
nondiscrimination. Because the 2015
“Internet Open Order” was revoked
36. and replaced by the ironically titled
“Internet Freedom Order,” ISPs and
broadband providers can now differen-
tiate among Internet content, and their
“tiered access” systems can prioritize
digital speech for fast delivery, delay, or
blocking. As a result, the full spectrum
of diverse speech (including educa-
tional content) is curtailed for anyone
seeking to express or receive ideas.
One of the major purposes of
schools is to educate students for their
37. future roles as citizens or residents of
a democratic society. Students learn
information-literacy skills including
discerning between fact and opinion.
Schools provide Internet access for stu-
dents’ instruction, information seeking,
and learning. When there are barriers
to the provision of Internet service
such as blocking legal content or dra-
matically increasing the cost of access,
it affects students’ ability to access on-
line content and learn what is needed,
putting U.S. democracy at risk.
38. Neal saw the threat to reverse Net
Neutrality and asked the ALA Intel-
lectual Freedom Committee (IFC) to
write a position statement consider-
ing the “intellectual freedom impli-
cations of the efforts to set aside Net
Neutrality” (personal communication,
July 13, 2017). Between July 2017 and
February 2018, an IFC working group
created the statement laying out the
arguments for the ways Net Neutral-
ity is an intellectual freedom issue and
39. requesting comment from the library
community. In February 2018, ALA
Council approved “Network Neutral-
soccer/Futball
Challen, Paul. What does a Forward do?
(Soccer Smarts). PowerKids, 2018. 32p.
LB $26.25. ISBN: 9781508154457. Grades
3-6. This series covers the additional
positions of Defender, Goalkeeper,
and Midfielder, with the Forward
considered the “star.” The emphasis on
respect, sportsmanship and team-play
is encouraged. Included is a simple
glossary, additional information, and an
index.
Doeden, Matt. the World cup: soccer’s
Global championship (Spectacular
Sports). Lerner, 2018. 64p. LB $33.32.
ISBN: 9781512427554. Grades 5-10. From
Introduction to Source Notes, this title
showcases important games through
40. the years including information about
some of the best world-class players.
To understand the importance of soccer
around the world, the author describes
the culture of some of the “Heroics and
Heartbreak” through the years.
Luke, Andrew. team usa (The Road
to the World’s Most Popular Cup).
Mason Crest, 2018. 80p. LB $24.95. ISBN:
9781422239520. Grades 5-10. Some
consider soccer to be new to the United
States, but the first games were played
in 1884 at Rutgers University. To achieve
a high level of popularity has taken many
years. This title is filled with QR Codes,
sidebars, colorful photos, research
projects, and a brief glossary at the end
of each chapter. An extensive glossary,
additional reading, and full index
completes the title.
Schuh, Mari. soccer (Spot). Amicus, 2018.
16p. LB $25.65. ISBN: 9781681570897.
Grades PK-2. Each page has a full
41. color picture of some aspect of soccer
and helps to teach the beginning or
non-reader new vocabulary inside the
“spot” through a fun search. A page at
the end gives the answers within a red
circle.
bookmarkIT
s a r a c a t h e r i n e h o W a r d
Junior nonFiction
ity: An Intellectual Freedom Issue” as
an official statement of the ALA. The
full statement is available on the ALA
website (http://www.ala.org/advocacy/
intfreedom/netneutrality).
What can school librarians
do?
The ALA and partner organizations
42. will continue to apply political pres-
sure until Net Neutrality is restored.
School librarians can play an active
role, and it begins with being well in-
formed on current political, legal, and
advocacy efforts. There are two key
information sources, and anyone may
use them. Register to receive the ALA
Washington Office’s District Dispatch,
a weekly e-newsletter with information
on library and education federal legis-
lation and updates on Net Neutrality
43. (http://www.districtdispatch.org/).
Subscribe to the Intellectual Freedom
News, a free weekly compilation of ar-
ticles on a range of intellectual freedom
issues including Net Neutrality on the
OIF Blog web page (http://www.oif.
ala.org/oif/) by entering your email
address. The next step is becoming
an active advocate for Net Neutrality.
Educate colleagues, students, admin-
istrators, school board members, and
parents about Net Neutrality and what
its loss means to schools and communi-
44. ties. Mobilize local support to respond
when needed and to contact senators
and representatives relating personal
stories of the realities of no Network
Neutrality rules.
the net in 2018
Net Neutrality is a difficult concept to
explain with esoteric policy language
from the FCC and other federal agen-
A P R I L 2 0 1 8 11
12 T E A C H E R L I B R A R I A N 4 5 : 4
45. cies. To make things more challenging,
the Internet didn’t appear to change on
December 14 when the FCC ended Net
Neutrality. The ramifications discussed
in this article outline the possibilities
experts are concerned may happen now
that protections are gone. The problem
will be identifying what, if anything, is
being done by ISPs behind the scenes.
This determination will likely require
the collection of data over time to pro-
vide evidence of slowdowns for some
content or in some locations. Indi-
46. viduals can help by participating in
independent speed tests like those con-
ducted by Measurement Lab at http://
measurementlab.net.
reFerences
American Library Association (ALA).
(2017). July 12 day of action to save
Net Neutrality. Retrieved from http://
www.ala.org/advocacy/july-12-day-
action-save-net-neutrality/
Brodkin, J. (2017). 50 million US
homes have only one 25Mbps Internet
47. provider or none at all. Retrieved from
https://arstechnica.com/information-
technology/2017/06/50-million-us-
homes-have-only-one-25mbps-inter-
net-provider-or-none-at-all/
Chang, R. (2016). Laws prohibit or re-
strict municipal broadband networks in
20-plus states. Retrieved from https://
thejournal.com/articles/2016/09/08/
laws-prohibit-or-restrict-local-gov-
ernments-from-building-broadband-
networks.aspx/
Consortium on School Networking
48. (CoSN). (2017). CoSN: Aggressive
Net Neutrality plan raises questions for
schools. Retrieved from http://cosn.
org/about/news/cosn-aggressive-net-
neutrality-plan-raises-troubling-ques-
tions-schools/
Federal Communications Commis-
sion (FCC). (n.d.). About the FCC.
Retrieved from https://www.fcc.gov/
about/overview/
Federal Communications Commis-
sion (FCC). (2017). Restoring Internet
49. freedom notice of proposed rulemaking.
Retrieved from https://www.fcc.gov/
document/restoring-internet-free-
dom-notice-proposed-rulemaking/
Fung, B. (2017). The FCC just voted
to repeal its Net Neutrality rules, in a
sweeping act of deregulation. Retrieved
from https://www.washingtonpost.
com/news/the-switch/wp/2017/12/14/
the-fcc-is-expected-to-repeal-its-
n e t - n e u t r a l i t y - r u l e s - t o d ay - i n - a -
sweeping-act-of-deregulation/?utm_
term=.7c140e19d5a6/
50. McArdle, J. (2015). Internet providers
are now common carriers: What does that
mean for you? Retrieved from https://
p o t o m a c i n s t i t u t e c e o . wo rd p r e s s .
com/2015/04/03/internet-providers-
a re - n ow - c o m m o n - c a r r i e rs - wh a t -
does-that-mean-for-you/
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.) Net Neutral-
ity. Retrieved from https://www.mer-
riam-webster.com/dictionary/net%20
neutrality/.
New York State Office of the Attorney
51. General. (2017). Press release: A. G.
Schneiderman: I will sue to stop the ille-
gal rollback of Net Neutrality. Retrieved
from https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/
ag-schneiderman-i-will-sue-stop-ille-
gal-rollback-net-neutrality/
Romano, A. (2017). The FCC asked
for Net Neutrality opinions, then re-
jected most of them. Retrieved from
h t t p s : / / w w w. v o x . c o m / t e c h n o l -
ogy/2017/12/1/16715274/fcc-net-neu-
trality-spambots-comments-pew/.
Helen R. Adams, MLS, is an online
52. senior lecturer for Antioch University–
Seattle in the areas of intellectual free-
dom, privacy, ethics, and copyright.
A Wisconsin resident, she formerly
worked as a school librarian and served
as president of the American Associa-
tion of School Librarians (AASL). She
is chair of the American Library As-
sociation Intellectual Freedom Com-
mittee and a member of the AASL
Knowledge Quest Advisory Board. She
authored Protecting Intellectual Free-
53. dom and Privacy in Your School Library
(2013) and co-contributed a chapter on
intellectual freedom to the second edi-
tion of The Many Faces of School Li-
brary Leadership (2017).
Christopher Harris is the director
of the School Library System for the
Genesee Valley Educational Partner-
ship, serving 22 small, rural school
districts in western New York. He also
serves as a fellow for Youth and Tech-
nology Policy Issues with the American
Library Association Office for Infor-
54. mation Technology Policy. He is the au-
thor of the Teaching Through Games
series (2015) and the activities for the
Spotlight on Kids Can Code interactive
ebooks (2016). He can be reached at
[email protected]
Copyright of Teacher Librarian is the property of EL Kurdyla
Publishing LLC and its content
may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a
listserv without the copyright
holder's express written permission. However, users may print,
download, or email articles for
individual use.
References:
55. NetNeutrality: Why It Matters to School Librarians.
Authors:
ADAMS, HELEN R., HARRIS, CHRISTOPHER
Source: Teacher Librarian. Apr2018, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p8-12. 5p.
Document Type: Article
Subjects: NETWORK neutralityINTERNET service
providersCURRICULUM planningSCHOOL librariansUNITED
States. Federal Communications Commission
Abstract:
The article discusses the impact of the end
of netneutrality protections on school librarians. It is noted
that net neutrality protections were created in 2015 by the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and in May 2017,
it issued "Restoring Internet Freedom Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking." It is stated that without netneutrality, curriculum
decisions may be influenced by Internet service providers
(ISPs).
ISSN: 1481-1782
Accession Number: 129318050
Database: MasterFILE Premier
5 QUESTIONS ABOUT NET NEUTRALITY.
Authors:MILEY, JOHN
Source: Kiplinger's Personal Finance. Feb2018, Vol. 72 Issue 2,
p14-14. 1p. 1 Color Photograph.
Document Type: Article
56. Subject Terms:
· BROADBAND communication systems
· CONSUMERS
· FINES (Penalties)
· NETWORK neutrality
Geographic Terms:UNITED States
Company/Entity: UNITED States. Federal Communications
CommissionT-Mobile USA Inc.
NAICS/Industry Codes:
· 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers
· 926130 Regulation and Administration of Communications,
Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities
Abstract:
The article discusses net neutrality and impact of rule changes.
Topics discussed include changes in rules by the U.S. Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) on broadband to benefit
consumers, fines to companies that fail to meet transparency
requirements and launch of plan by T-Mobile to let customers
use music streaming applications (apps).
Full Text Word Count: 612
ISSN: 1528-9729
Accession Number: 126872699
Database: Business Source Premier
Why 2015 May Be the Year We Solve NetNeutrality.
Authors: ALBANESIUS, CHLOE
57. Source: PC Magazine. Feb2015, p12-17. 6p.
Document Type: Article
Subjects:
NETWORK neutralityCOMMUNICATION policyINTERNET
access controlINTERNET service providers -- Law &
legislationUNITED States. Federal Communications
Commission
Abstract:
The article focuses on the solutions for netneutrality in the U.S.
It mentions that netneutrality is the principle that Internet
service providers and the government should provide equal
access to the Internet. It reflects on the rules issued by the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the U.S.
ISSN: 2373-2830
Accession Number: 100634430
Database: MasterFILE Premier
NetNeutrality Issues and Different Cross-sections of Society --
An Indian Perspective.
Authors:
Mukherjee, Debarshi1[email protected]Dhir,
Sonia2[email protected]
Source:
IPE Journal of Management. Jul-Dec2016, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p80-
91. 12p.
Document Type: Article
58. Subject Terms:
NETWORK neutralityTELECOMMUNICATION policy --
IndiaINDIA. Telecom Regulatory Authority
Author-Supplied Keywords:
NetNeutralityTRAI Consultation PaperZero Pricing
Company/Entity: AMAZON.COM Inc.
DUNS Number: 884745530
Ticker: AMZN
Reviews & Products:
GOOGLE (Web resource)FACEBOOK (Web resource)
Abstract:
The principle of netneutrality has gained much attention since
2006 and again in 2015 in India when Telecom Regulatory
Authority of India released its consultation paper in which it
invited public opinions with regard to the regulation of free
availability and access of content (text, voice and media) on
internet by various service providers. The topic gained much
attention when the established telecom corporations started
suggesting that they should be paid by the internet content
providers like Facebook, Youtube, Google etc, for providing
them the network for reaching the masses. Telecom companies
argue that the internet content providers have been making high
profits from low investments while they are the ones to have
made high investments in building the infrastructure for these
service providers to operate, due to which the internet service
59. providers should share their revenues with the telecom
companies. The violation of netneutrality will take place if any
kind of discrimination takes place in terms of providing any
type of data to the consumers. This means their very right to
free access to information from internet will be violated.
Violation of netneutrality has generated much uproar around the
world since telecom corporations like Airtel demanded that
telecom companies like Airtel should be paid by the content
providers like Google, Facebook, Amazon etc for letting them
display their content on internet to the mass consumers and
generating huge profits. This violation means that differential
pricing is likely to be practised by the telecom firms in terms of
charging both the internet service providers and consumers.
Currently there are no laws in India which
govern netneutrality which means the content available on
internet can be accessed by anybody without any kind of
discrimination. This study seeks to fulfill the knowledge gap by
empirically analyzing the various cross sections of the society
which are bound to get affected by the violation
of netneutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of IPE Journal of Management is the property of
Institute of Public Enterprise and its content may not be copied
or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the
copyright holder's express written permission. However, users
60. may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This
abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the
accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original
published version of the material for the full
abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Author Affiliations:
1Associate Professor, Department of Business Management,
Tripura University, Agartala
2Assistant Professor, IMS Noida, Uttar Pradesh
ISSN: 2249-9040
Accession Number: 122825965
Database: Business Source Premier
https://0-search-proquest-
com.library.acaweb.org/docview/1894951324?accountid=9864