2. I am a mindful, self-
directed learner and role
model, consciously
expressing my Faith.
3. Explain the elements that
affect their everyday
decisions and actions, and the
general consequences they
bring about.
4. As a Paulinian learner, I can
• explain the elements that affect decisions in
describing how the organs of each organ system
work together
• explain the elements that affect decisions in
describing how the different organ systems work
together
• design healthful habits that affect decisions and
actions and promote proper functioning of the
human body system
7. The body system that controls
other parts of the body.
Receives signals or stimuli
from inside and outside our
body.
Stimulus- is an agent or
factor that provokes interest,
enthusiasm or excitement.
Response- is the reaction of
an organism or any part of its
body to a stimulus.
9. Neuron/ nerve cell- considered as the working unit of the nervous
system.
Dendrites- short and highly branched part that receive information
from a receptor organ or another neuron and then transmit the
message to the cell body.
Cell body- (also called as soma or cyton) contains the nucleus,
mitochondria and other cellular organelles.
Axon- is the long and less-branched part that conducts the information
away from the cell body.
10.
11. Sensory neurons carry messages
from receptor organs such as skin,
eyes, nose, ears and tongue to the
nerve centers. The nerve centers
are the brain and the spinal cord.
Motor neurons have short dendrites
and long axons. It receives
information from the nerve centers
and transmits it to the effector
organs such as the muscles or glands.
Interneurons- are found only in
the central nervous system (brain
or spinal cord). Theu connect a
sensory neuron to a motor
neuron.
12. To move from one neuron
to the next, the impulse
must have to cross the
synapse. When the
impulse reaches the end
of a branch of an axon,
the axon releases a
chemical into the synapse.
The chemical crosses the
synapse to the dendrite,
and an impulse starts in
the next neuron.
In the synapse, there are
materials that allow
neurotransmission which are
known as neurotransmitters.
13. Central nervous system
(CNS)- controls and
coordinates the
activities of the whole
nervous system.
It is composed of
the brain and
spinal chord.
14. The brain- is the primary
organ of the central
nervous system contained
within the skull.
It is divided into three
parts: cerebrum,
cerebellum, brain stem
The cerebrum is divided
into left and right
hemispheres, connected to
each other by the corpus
callosum.
15.
16. Left hemisphere-
responsible for
number skills,
written language,
reasoning, spoken
language, scientific
skills, and right-hand
control.
Right hemisphere-
responsible for
insight, 3D forms,
art and music
awareness,
imagination and
left-hand control.
17. Cerebrum
Forebrain- is the largest
part of the brain.
It is responsible for the
higher thought processes
such as memory, judgement
and reason.
• It processes sensory
data, initiating willful
motor processes such as
voluntary activities.
18. Cerebellum
Is the second largest part of
the brain.
• It is located toward the
back and the bottom of
the brain.
• It controls muscle
coordination, maintains
normal muscle tone and
posture, and coordinates
balance for locomotion.
19. Brain
stem
• Is the part of the brain
that connects with the
spinal cord.
• It controls involuntary
activities like digestion,
heartbeat and breathing.
• It has three parts:
midbrain; pons, and
medulla oblongata.
20. The upper end of the brain stem is the hypothalamus
and the thalamus.
Hypothalamus- regulates homeostasis
Has regulatory areas for thirst, hunger, body
temperature, water balance and blood pressure.
Thalamus-serves as a central relay point for incoming
nervous messages.
21. Spinal
cord
• It extends from the brain
stem down to the buttock
region. It allows signals to
be sent from the brain to
the other parts of the body.
• It also receives signals from
the different parts of the
body to the brain.
22. Contains all the nerves
outside the brain and
the spinal cord.
It carries impulses from the
sensory nerves to the CNS and
from the CNS to the motor
nerves.
There are two types of
nerves that carry
impulses: the sensory
nerves and the motor
nerves.
23. Motor nerves- carry
impulses from the
central nervous
system to activate
the muscles in the
body.
Sensory nerves-
carry impulses
from the stimulus
to the central
nervous system
for processing.
24. The motor division is divided
further into the SOMATIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM and the AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
25. Includes all nerves controlling the muscular system and
external sensory receptors.
It regulates activities that are under conscious control.
External sense organs (eyes, ears, nose and skin) are
receptors.
Muscles and glands like the salivary and gastric glands are
effectors.
Reflexes- autonomic responses
26. - actions which does not involve the
brain
Reflex arc- the shortest pathways that
do not involve the brain.
-It is an autonomic involuntary
reaction to a stimulus.
27. Part of the PNS consisting of motor neurons that control
internal organs.
It regulates activities that are autonomic or involuntary.
The nerves of the autonomic nervous system control the
functions of the body that are not under conscious
control.
It controls muscles in the heart and the smooth
muscles in internal organs such as the intestine, bladder
and uterus.
30. 1. Wear a seatbelt when you ride a car or a van.
2. Wear a helmet when riding a motorcycle to protect
your head in an injury in case of an accident.
3. Avoid taking medicine not prescribed by a medical
doctor.
4. Do not drink alcoholic beverages.
5. Avoid inhaling poisonous fumes such as those from
glue or paint as they can harm the brain.
31. I am a mindful, self-
directed learner and role
model, consciously
expressing my Faith.
32. Explain the elements that
affect their everyday
decisions and actions, and the
general consequences they
bring about.
33. As a Paulinian learner, I can
• explain the elements that affect decisions in
describing how the organs of each organ system
work together
• explain the elements that affect decisions in
describing how the different organ systems work
together
• design healthful habits that affect decisions and
actions and promote proper functioning of the
human body system
Editor's Notes
SENSORY NEURONS Carries messages from the receptor organs (skin, eyes, nose, ears and tongue) to the nerve centers.
MOTOR NEURONS Receives information from the nerve centers and transmits it to the effector organs (muscles or glands)
INTERNUERONS They connect a sensory neuron to a motor neuron.
Homeostasis- enables an organism to maintain internal balance in the body.
