Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder in association with compromised bone strength predisposing individuals to an increased fracture risk.
Osteoporosis occurs when there is imbalance between resorption and formation of bone, if resorption is often quicker and formation is slower, or for both reasons. This presentation includes definition, classification, diagnosis, treatment prevention and complications associated with osteoporosis.Osteoporosis can be prevented by properly awarening people about the facts of it. If etiological factors are minimized then the condition can be well regulated. Lifestyle changes like advising physical activities, prohibiting addictions like tobacco, smoking, alcohol, proper diet which in rich in calcium, phosphorus, salt restriction, getting exposure to sunlight. Intrinsic factors including poor vision, musculoskeletal and neurological disease and medications, whereas extrinsic or environmental factors including trailing wires, loose carpets, and ill fitting footwear assessment should be done for reducing fall complication risks.if dietary intake of calcium cannot be achieved then calcium supplementation should be provided. Caffeine intake should be properly regulated since it plays role in calcium excretion. Weight-bearing aerobic and strengthening exercises can decrease the risk of falls and fractures by improving muscle strength, coordination, balance, and mobility.
CANCER: A group of disease involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other part of the body.
CHEMOTHERAPY: the term chemotherapy is describe as the use of chemicals or drugs to treat cancer.
CYTOTOXIC DRUG: lysis both normal and cancer cells
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder in association with compromised bone strength predisposing individuals to an increased fracture risk.
Osteoporosis occurs when there is imbalance between resorption and formation of bone, if resorption is often quicker and formation is slower, or for both reasons. This presentation includes definition, classification, diagnosis, treatment prevention and complications associated with osteoporosis.Osteoporosis can be prevented by properly awarening people about the facts of it. If etiological factors are minimized then the condition can be well regulated. Lifestyle changes like advising physical activities, prohibiting addictions like tobacco, smoking, alcohol, proper diet which in rich in calcium, phosphorus, salt restriction, getting exposure to sunlight. Intrinsic factors including poor vision, musculoskeletal and neurological disease and medications, whereas extrinsic or environmental factors including trailing wires, loose carpets, and ill fitting footwear assessment should be done for reducing fall complication risks.if dietary intake of calcium cannot be achieved then calcium supplementation should be provided. Caffeine intake should be properly regulated since it plays role in calcium excretion. Weight-bearing aerobic and strengthening exercises can decrease the risk of falls and fractures by improving muscle strength, coordination, balance, and mobility.
CANCER: A group of disease involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other part of the body.
CHEMOTHERAPY: the term chemotherapy is describe as the use of chemicals or drugs to treat cancer.
CYTOTOXIC DRUG: lysis both normal and cancer cells
Basic principles of chemotherapy/ AMAs covers definition, history of AMAs development, principles of AMAs, problems associated with AMAs, failure of therapy with examples.
It will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered I hope this presentation will make your fundamentals crystal clear.
Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. Here in this presentation cancer and its characteristics are discussed along with anti-cancer drugs, in brief.
According to my research, the best combined treatments for MM are botrezomib and thalidomide. Targeting the proteasome inside myeloma cells looks to be the most efficient way to fight this type of cancer
Definition
Anticancer, or antineoplastic, drugs are used to treat malignancies, or cancerous growths. Drug therapy may be used alone, or in combination with other treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy.
Purpose
Anticancer drugs are used to control the growth of cancerous cells. Cancer is commonly defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells, with loss of differentiation and commonly, with metastasis, spread of the cancer to other tissues and organs. Cancers are malignant growths. In contrast, benign growths remain encapsulated and grow within a well-defined area. Although benign tumors may be fatal if untreated, due to pressure on essential organs, as in the case of a benign brain tumor, surgery or radiation are the preferred methods of treating growths which have a well defined location. Drug therapy is used when the tumor has spread, or may spread, to all areas of the body.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. 1
•INTRODUCTION
• ORIGIN OF TUMOUR
• TYPES AND NOMENCLATURE
• SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS
2
•ANTI CANCER AGENTS
•CLASSIFICATION
• NEOPLASTIC DISEASE
3
• LUKAEMIA
• TYPES
• SYMPTOMS
• DIAGNOSIS
• TREANTMENT
• DRUGS USED FOR LEUKEAMIA
• CONCLUSION
• REFRENCES
10/17/2016
3. NEOPLASM OR tumour is defined as the growth or mass of abnormal
tissue formed due to excessive , autonomous and uncoordinated cell
proliferation. This phenomenon occurs as a result of loss of control mechanism
of cell and abnormality in chromosomes or mutations in DNA
The term neoplasm means new growth and the process of cell proliferation
is called “neoplasia.”
The branch of medicine which deals with extensive study of neoplasm
(tumour) and its development , diagnosis and treatment is called Oncology
(Greek word oncos = tumour and logy = study ).
Generally the term cancer is used for all malignant tumours.
10/17/2016
4. Generally in all organs and tissue of human beings , balance is maintained
between cell renewal and cell apoptosis (programmed cell death ).
There is a particular life span for all the mature old cells which die, and the new
cells replace the old ones by proliferation and differentiation mechanisms.
This entire process is regulated such that the number of specific type of cell
remain constant without altering other processes.
10/17/2016
6. Tumours are categorized into following two types depending on their invasive nature
and tissue of origin,
1. BENIGN TUMOURS:
EXAMPLES:
(a). Fibroma ( originates from fibrous tissue )
(b). Chondroma ( originates from cartilage
(c). Osteoma originates from osteoblasts of bone
2. MALIGNANAT TUMOURS:
they are categorize are as follows:
(a) SARCOMAS
Example: osteosarcoma
(b). CARCINOMAS
Examples: adenocarcinoma
( c).LYMHOMAS
Example: Hodgkin's (b cell) lymphoma , T cell lymphoma etc.
10/17/2016
11. Anticancer drugs are the drugs which effectively kill the rapidly
dividing cancer cells.
These drugs are antiproliferative and the damage the DNA
resulting in cell death
As these drugs act on rapidly dividing cells, there is a chance
of killing the normal cell also.
This is a major disadvantages resulting in many adverse
effects.
How ever, these adverse effects subside upon cessation of the
chemotherapy.
10/17/2016
19. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or white blood cells
It begins in the bone marrow , where the blood cells are
produced.
Bone marrow is found in the soft , spongy centre of the
long bones of arms and legs
10/17/2016
20. Seems to develop from a combination of genetic and environmental
factors.
It thought to occur when:
Some blood cells acquire mutations in their DNA.
The instructions inside each cell guide its actions (or) other
changes occur.
10/17/2016
23. EPIDEMIOLOGY:
It accounts for only about 1% of all cancers
Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) is more common in
old age where as acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL) is predominantly a childhood cancer which
accounts for about 30% of all cancers in children .
Acute myeloid leukemia is more common type of
acute leukemia.
10/17/2016
24. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Malignant cell population of leukemia's are thought to derived from
single mutant precursor cell.
This type of neoplasm is known as clonal neoplasm.
The normal bone marrow elements get replaced with malignant
population of immature cells of lymphoid origin in acute lymphoblastic
leukemia and of myeloid origin in acute myeloid leukemia these
malignant immature cells are known blast cells leads to progressive
impairment of bone marrow function.
This results in decreased proliferation affects lymphoid cells B and T
lymphocytes) , it affects myeloid cells (granulocytes, monocytes,
erythrocytes and platelets).
The blast may enter into the lymph nodes, spleen and meninges.
10/17/2016
38. • Firstly public education campaigns 30% cancers are
caused
by smoking, excessive drinking, and hazardous
solvents.
• Secondly another 30% of cancers are caused by diet
related
habits. The benefits if eating high fiber foods, fruits
and
vegetables are clear.
• Various research project aimed at identifying the
specific
chemical in these foods which are responsible for this
10/17/2016