This document discusses the history and key concepts of neobehaviorism. It began as a reaction against classical behaviorism's focus only on observable stimuli and responses. Edward Tolman was a major founder who argued that behavior is purposeful and goal-directed, not just stimulus-response associations. He introduced the concepts of cognitive maps, intervening variables, and latent learning to explain how organisms integrate information from their environment through internal cognitive processes rather than direct reinforcement. Neobehaviorism combines the objective study of behavior with consideration of internal mental states like cognition, goals, and problem-solving.