This document discusses different approaches to teaching and learning, including behaviorism, constructivism, teacher-centered approaches, and learner-centered approaches. Behaviorism views learning as stimulus-response connections and emphasizes conditioning, while constructivism sees learning as knowledge construction through experience and interaction with the environment. Teacher-centered approaches focus on the teacher as instructor and controller of content, whereas learner-centered approaches place the learner at the center and see the teacher's role as facilitating learning. The document provides advantages of learner-centered approaches over teacher-centered ones.

1. Approaches:
Teacher centered,
Learner centered,
Behaviorist appproach,
constructivist approach.
Prepared by,
Harsha A.T
P.K.M College of Education

2. Behaviorism
The approach which describes learning as a connection
between stimulus and response.
Behaviorists were strongly influenced by the work of the
Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov.
They devoted themselves to study the overt behaviour. They
believed that overt over behaviour was determined by a
complex system of independent stimulus response connection,
made more complex through learning.

3. Ivan Pavlov Thorndike
Watson Skinner

4.  Behaviourist believe in the objective study of behaviour.
 Its chief emphasis is on environment. This approach considers
environment more than heredity in the determination of
behaviour.
 Conditioning is the key to the understanding of behaviour, which
is composed of stimulus and response links and can be
successfully analysed by the objective scientific method.
 The chief method of learning is conditioning.

5.  They explained the learning process of human being on
the basis of experiment conducted in animals and birds
such as cat, dog, rat etc
 Human mind is totally neglected in teaching learning
process.
 Child learns through stimulus-response connection.
Repetition is strengthening the knowledge. No need of
knowing the meaning of the content.
 Child considered as a empty vessel and teacher’s role is
to fill the vessel.
 Teacher commands students have to obey.

6. Jean piaget, Vygotsky, Jerome.S.Bruner, Noam Chomsky
are the propagators of constructivism.
Piaget Vygotsky
Bruner Noam Chomsky

7. They put forward a learning theory considering
human mind. According to constructivism learning is
formation of mental constructs. Every individual
construct knowledge by observing objects,
eventsand phenomena using his innate abilities
which leads to learning. Experience needs to
knowledge construction. Constructivist epistemology
assumes that learners construct their own
knowledge on the basis of interaction with their
environment.

8.  More emphasis on learning than teaching.
 How to learn is more important than what to
learn
 Learning is a process
 Create will power and make the learner aimfull
 Promote learning through real life situation
 Promote enquiry learning
 Encourage co-operative learning

9. Behaviorism Constructivism
1)Product oriented appraoch Process oriented approach
2)Learning is change in behaviour Learning is knowledge construction
3)Teacher centred approach Child centred approach
4)Child is an empty vessel Child is not an empty vessel
5)Human mind is totally neglected
in teaching learning process
Human mind has great importance
in learning
6)Learner receives knowledge Learner constructs knowledge
7)Teacher as a commander Teacher as a facilitator

10. Teacher centered approach
Teacher centred learning is the traditional
approach used by educators in the classroom.
This method of teaching is very regimented. This
approach is more traditional in nature, focusing
on the teacher as instructor. They are sometimes
refered to as direct instruction, deductive
teaching or expository teaching. In this method
the teacher controlls what is to be taught.

11. Learner centEred approach
Learner centred is an approach that places
the learner at the centre of the learning. This
means that the learner or student is
responsible for learning while the tutor is
responsible for facilitating the learning. This
is also known as student-centred learning.

12. Advantages:
Students develop learning and other skills and gain
meaningful knowledge that will help them throughout the
life.
Students are more attentive and improves participation
Improves retention of knowledge
Develops problem solving skill
Students discover that learning is intersting and fun
Fosters collaborative learning

13. Teacher centered Learner centered
1)Focus is on teacher Focus is on both students
and teacher
2)Students passively
receive information
Students are actively
involved
3)Students work alone Students work in pairs, in
groups or alone depending
on the purpose of activity
4)Teacher chooses topics Students have some choice
of topics
5)Instructor evaluates
student learning
Students evaluate their own
learning; instructor also
evaluates

14. THANK YOU