Beyond India’s buzzing cities nature lovers can discover serene sanctuaries teeming with wildlife. While the iconic Bengal tiger—India’s national animal—is the top draw for safari-goers, an impressive array of wild things can be spotted in India’s teakwood forests, grasslands, mountains, rivers, and other natural spaces.
India has more than a hundred national parks, covering over 15,600 square miles of protected land. Many of the country’s wildlife sanctuaries once were hunting reserves of the maharajas, and more than 50 have been designated as tiger reserves. According to the last available census, done in 2014 by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), India is home to 2,226 tigers, 70 percent of which reside within tiger reserves.
If you’re ready to fulfill a bucket-list dream of seeing a wild Bengal tiger or are eager to spot Asian elephants, Asiatic wild dogs, and other species rarely seen outside of zoological parks, here are six superlative spots in India for wildlife watching.
Wildlife management can be defined as the “Manipulation of wildlife populations and habitat to achieve goals such as sustainability, population increase.”
A sacred forest or grove comprises patches of natural vegetation – from a few trees to several acres – that are dedicated to local deities or tree spirits. These spaces are protected by local communities because of their religious beliefs and traditional rituals that run through several generations.
This is a presentation prepared by my graduate students of Natural Resources Management, Biodiversity Conservation subject, at Nepal Engineering College of Pokhara University. All "students" are highly experienced foresters with 10-20 years of experience, so the material is firmly grounded in Nepali practice!
Wildlife management can be defined as the “Manipulation of wildlife populations and habitat to achieve goals such as sustainability, population increase.”
A sacred forest or grove comprises patches of natural vegetation – from a few trees to several acres – that are dedicated to local deities or tree spirits. These spaces are protected by local communities because of their religious beliefs and traditional rituals that run through several generations.
This is a presentation prepared by my graduate students of Natural Resources Management, Biodiversity Conservation subject, at Nepal Engineering College of Pokhara University. All "students" are highly experienced foresters with 10-20 years of experience, so the material is firmly grounded in Nepali practice!
This presentation by Daju Pradnja Resosudarmo
focuses on all the benefits forests provide, what problems forests still face, what is causing these problems, how we can strengthen forests in the landscape and what role Sustainable Development Goals could play.
A presentation made on forest resources and sustainable forest management, laws and regulations about forests in India, the status of the world and Indian forests.
Mountainous regions occupy one-fourth of the world’s terrestrial surface, most rich in diverse landscapes and hold on to the biodiversity and cultural diversity along with supporting 10% of humankind with their direct life support base. Most mountainous regions have been at the far periphery of mainstream societal concerns for a long time. Remote, relatively inaccessible, they were generally pictured as difficulty, unyielding and unprofitable environments. Very less have focused attention on mountainous people and cultures, primitive religion, marginal survival, unusual adaptation to very high altitude, fraternal polyandry to obliterate informed communication and more meaningful analysis in practical sense. Early research concentrated mainly on specialised studies with little cross disciplinary endeavour. During the last few decades there have been spasmodic accounts of the highland and lowland mainly induced by events of great economic or political significance and due to the degradation of highlands which are potential threats to subjacent lowland population centre. Recent developments, expanding highland research and awareness spread by institutions and governments have shone a new ray of light towards the bright future. However, increased awareness with political advocacy must be pursued further.
Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that hosts thousands of birds, especially during the winter season. Over 230 species of birds are known to be resident. It is also a major tourist centre with scores of ornithologists arriving here in the hibernal season. It was declared a protected sanctuary in 1971. It is also a World Heritage Site.[3]
This presentation by Daju Pradnja Resosudarmo
focuses on all the benefits forests provide, what problems forests still face, what is causing these problems, how we can strengthen forests in the landscape and what role Sustainable Development Goals could play.
A presentation made on forest resources and sustainable forest management, laws and regulations about forests in India, the status of the world and Indian forests.
Mountainous regions occupy one-fourth of the world’s terrestrial surface, most rich in diverse landscapes and hold on to the biodiversity and cultural diversity along with supporting 10% of humankind with their direct life support base. Most mountainous regions have been at the far periphery of mainstream societal concerns for a long time. Remote, relatively inaccessible, they were generally pictured as difficulty, unyielding and unprofitable environments. Very less have focused attention on mountainous people and cultures, primitive religion, marginal survival, unusual adaptation to very high altitude, fraternal polyandry to obliterate informed communication and more meaningful analysis in practical sense. Early research concentrated mainly on specialised studies with little cross disciplinary endeavour. During the last few decades there have been spasmodic accounts of the highland and lowland mainly induced by events of great economic or political significance and due to the degradation of highlands which are potential threats to subjacent lowland population centre. Recent developments, expanding highland research and awareness spread by institutions and governments have shone a new ray of light towards the bright future. However, increased awareness with political advocacy must be pursued further.
Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that hosts thousands of birds, especially during the winter season. Over 230 species of birds are known to be resident. It is also a major tourist centre with scores of ornithologists arriving here in the hibernal season. It was declared a protected sanctuary in 1971. It is also a World Heritage Site.[3]
India is home to a vast selection of fauna and flora. The country has a remarkably vast number of plant and animal species spread out in the regions with diverse landscape. From the large but peaceful Asiatic elephants to the fearsome Bengal tiger, these species are found in the nation’s 400 wildlife sanctuaries, 18 bio-reserves, and 89 national parks.
This presentation is given by groups of MBA-THM (2021-23) students of Chandigarh University.
The Kaziranga National Park of Assam, India situated in Golaghat and Nagaon district is famous for its natural beauty and diverse wildlife among the one-horned rhinos.
Kaziranga National Park a world heritage site is famous for the Great Indian one horned rhinoceros, the landscape of Kaziranga is of sheer forest, tall elephant grass, rugged reeds, marshes & shallow pools. It has been declared as National Park in 1974.
Famous national parks in Chhattisgarh to visit this summer.
For more please visit - http://cgtourism.choice.gov.in/tourist-destinations/12/National-Parks-and-Biosphere-Reserve
Famous national parks in Chhattisgarh to visit this summer.
For more please visit - http://cgtourism.choice.gov.in/tourist-destinations/12/National-Parks-and-Biosphere-Reserve
This is a Power Point presentation on the top ten national parks of India. which are famous all over the world.These are also some famous tourism places.I think this will help you in all possible ways.
The problems attract worldwide attention K/a Global Environmental Problems.
The top three environmental problems are: (1) Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming (2) Depletion of Ozone and (3) Acid Rain.
Aim1: To study the method of genome identification through ENSEMBL browser.
Aim2: To study the method of genome identification through VISTA.
Aim3: To study the method of genome identification through UCSC Genome Browser.
Aim4: To study the method of genome and amino acid sequences through UCSC Genome Browser.
Intracellular Components
We will now begin our discussion of intracellular organelles. As we have mentioned, only eukaryotic cells have intracellular sub-divisions, so our discussion will exclude prokaryotic cells. We will also focus on animal cells, since plant cells have a number of further specialized structures. In this section we will discuss the importance of the cell nucleus, mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosome.
Types of Receptors
Receptors are protein molecules in the target cell or on its surface that bind ligands. There are two types of receptors: internal receptors and cell-surface receptors.
Microbial biomass conversion processes take advantage of the ability of microorganisms to consume and digest biomass and release hydrogen. Depending on the pathway, this research could result in commercial-scale systems in the mid- to long-term timeframe that could be suitable for distributed, semi-central, or central hydrogen production scales, depending on the feedstock used.
The cells derived from root apical and shoot-apical meristems and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions. This act leading to maturation is termed as differentiation. During differentiation, cells undergo few to major structural changes both in their cell walls and protoplasm. The living differentiated cells, that by now have lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity of division under certain conditions. This phenomenon is termed as dedifferentiation. For example, formation of meristems – interfascicular cambium and cork cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells. While doing so, such meristems / tissues are able to divide and produce cells that once again lose the capacity to divide but mature to perform specific functions, i.e., get redifferentiated.
Meat and milk from farmed animals including livestock (cattle, goat and buffalo) and poultry are sources of high quality protein and essential amino acids, minerals, fats and fatty acids, readily available vitamins, small quantities of carbohydrates and other bioactive components.1 The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2008 estimate shows that meat consumption has grown with increase in population. The average global per capita meat consumption is 42.1 kg/year with 82.9 kg/year in developed and 31.1 kg/year in developing countries in a recommended daily animal-sourced protein per capita of 50 kg per year2. Milk on the other hand is consumed in various forms: liquid, cheese, powder, and cream at a global per capita consumption of 108 kg per person per year which is way below the FAO recommended daily consumption of 200 kg.
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are secreted by B cells (plasma cells) to neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses. The classical representation of an antibody is a Y-shaped molecule composed of four polypeptides-two heavy chains and two light chains. Each tip of the "Y" contains a paratope (a structure analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. The ability of binding to an antigen has led to their ubiquitous use in a variety of life science and medical science. These antibodies can be classified into two primary types (monoclonal and polyclonal) by the means in which they are created from lymphocytes. Each of them has important role in the immune system, diagnostic exams, and treatments.
There are many characteristics of biological data. All these characteristics make the management of biological information a particularly challenging problem. Here mainly we will focus on characteristics of biological information and multidisciplinary field called bioinformatics. Bioinformatics, now a days has emerged with graduate degree programs in several universities.
Hormones, Proteins, etc. present in blood in minute concentration can be assayed by the recent advanced technique of “Enzyme Immuno Assay” without involving any disadvantage. The basic reaction is the interaction between an antibody and an antigen.
Meat and milk from farmed animals including livestock (cattle, goat and buffalo) and poultry are sources of high quality protein and essential amino acids, minerals, fats and fatty acids, readily available vitamins, small quantities of carbohydrates and other bioactive components.1 The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2008 estimate shows that meat consumption has grown with increase in population. The average global per capita meat consumption is 42.1 kg/year with 82.9 kg/year in developed and 31.1 kg/year in developing countries in a recommended daily animal-sourced protein per capita of 50 kg per year2. Milk on the other hand is consumed in various forms: liquid, cheese, powder, and cream at a global per capita consumption of 108 kg per person per year which is way below the FAO recommended daily consumption of 200 kg.
In shotgun sequencing the genome is broken randomly into short fragments (1 to 2 kbp long) suitable for sequencing. The fragments are ligated into a suitable vector and then partially sequenced. Around 400–500 bp of sequence can be generated from each fragment in a single sequencing run. In some cases, both ends of a fragment are sequenced. Computerized searching for overlaps between individual sequences then assembles the complete sequence.
Sequence assembly refers to aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence. This is needed as DNA sequencing technology cannot read whole genomes in one go, but rather reads small pieces of between 20 and 30,000 bases, depending on the technology used. Typically the short fragments, called reads, result from shotgun sequencing genomic DNA, or gene transcript (ESTs).
The problem of sequence assembly can be compared to taking many copies of a book, passing each of them through a shredder with a different cutter, and piecing the text of the book back together just by looking at the shredded pieces. Besides the obvious difficulty of this task, there are some extra practical issues: the original may have many repeated paragraphs, and some shreds may be modified during shredding to have typos. Excerpts from another book may also be added in, and some shreds may be completely unrecognizable.
Vaccine (L. vacca = cow) is a preparation/suspension or extract of dead/attenuated (weakened) germs of a disease which on inoculation (injection) into a healthy person provides temporary/permanent active/passive immunity by inducing antibodies formation.
Thus antibody provoking agents are called vaccines.
Biological treatment is an important and integral part of any wastewater treatment plant that treats wastewater from either municipality or industry having soluble organic impurities or a mix of the two types of wastewater sources.
The four processes are: (1) Preliminary Treatment (2) Primary Treatment (3) Secondary or Biological Treatment and (4) Tertiary or Advanced Treatment
The genetic variations found in the in vitro cultured cells are collectively referred to as somaclonal variations.
The plants derived from such cells are referred to somaclones. Some authors use the terms calliclones and proto-clones to represent cultures obtained from callus and protoplasts respectively.
The growth of plant cells in vitro is an asexual process involving only mitotic division of cells. Thus, culturing of cells is the method to clone a particular genotype. It is therefore expected that plants arising from a given tissue culture should be the exact copies of the parental plant.
The occurrence of phenotypic variants among the regenerated plants (from tissue cultures) has been known for several years. These variations were earlier dismissed as tissue culture artefacts. The term somaclonal variations was first used by Larkin and Scowcraft (1981) for variations arising due to culture of cells, i.e., variability generated by a tissue culture. This term is now universally accepted.
As described elsewhere the explant used in tissue culture may come from any part of the plant organs or cells. These include leaves, roots, protoplasts, microspores and embryos. Somaclonal variations are reported in all types of plant tissue cultures.
In recent years, the term gametoclonal variations is used for the variations observed in the regenerated plants from gametic cells (e.g., anther cultures). For the plants obtained from protoplast cultures, proto-clonal variations is used.
Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. As long as humans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did.
The chemical compounds produced by plants are collectively referred to as phytochemicals. Biotechnologists have special interest in plant tissue culture for the large scale production of commercially important compounds. These include pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, cosmetics, food additives, feed stocks and antimicrobials.
Most of these products are secondary metabolites— chemical compounds that do not participate in metabolism of plants. Thus, secondary metabolites are not directly needed by plants as they do not perform any physiological function (as is the case with primary metabolites such as amino acids, nucleic acids etc.). Although the native plants are capable of producing the secondary metabolites of commercial interest, tissue culture systems are preferred.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Nature Reserves in India
1. Nature Reserves in India
Dr. Naveen Gaurav
Associate Professor and Head
Department of Biotechnology
Shri Guru Ram Rai University
Dehradun
2. Beyond India’s buzzing cities nature lovers can discover serene sanctuaries teeming
with wildlife. While the iconic Bengal tiger—India’s national animal—is the top draw for
safari-goers, an impressive array of wild things can be spotted in India’s teakwood forests,
grasslands, mountains, rivers, and other natural spaces.
India has more than a hundred national parks, covering over 15,600 square miles of
protected land. Many of the country’s wildlife sanctuaries once were hunting reserves of the
maharajas, and more than 50 have been designated as tiger reserves. According to the last
available census, done in 2014 by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), India is home to 2,226
tigers, 70 percent of which reside within tiger reserves.
If you’re ready to fulfill a bucket-list dream of seeing a wild Bengal tiger or are eager to spot
Asian elephants, Asiatic wild dogs, and other species rarely seen outside of zoological parks,
here are six superlative spots in India for wildlife watching.
Nagarahole National Park, Karnataka
The lush forests and marshlands of southern India’s Nagarahole National Park, also known
as Rajiv Gandhi National Park, form one of the country’s premier tiger destinations. Backed
by the hills of the Western Ghats, the park is filled with fragrant sandalwood and teak trees,
thick groves of bamboo, and dozens of winding streams. A jeep safari is the best option to
spot big cats, while a slow drift in a coracle—a small round boat—along the Kabini River
offers prime viewing opportunities for aquatic birds, crocodiles, and Indian elephants.
Nagarahole is one of the best national parks in the world for spotting leopards.
The park is open year-round but can close due to flooding in July and August during
monsoon season. It’s best explored as part of a tour of the region, combining Nagarahole
with trips to Karnataka’s beaches, hill stations, and the lovely city of Mysore (Mysuru).
3. Kaziranga National Park, Assam
On the floodplains of the Brahmaputra River, Kaziranga National Park began as a forest
preserve in 1905 with the aim of bringing the greater one-horned rhinoceros back from the
brink of extinction. Hunted for their prized horns, rhinos are a prime target for poaching.
With Kaziranga’s protection, nearly two-thirds of the world’s population of greater one-
horned rhinos now live inside the park. The reserve’s many tigers are well hidden amid
elephant grass and dense jungle. But you’ll spot buffalo, endangered swamp deer, and river
dolphins.Named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985, Kaziranga is one of the last areas in
eastern India largely untouched by humans.
Most visitors fly from Kolkata to Jorhat, 70 miles from the park, or Guwahati, 135 miles
away. The park is closed from June to September for monsoon season.
Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan
Situated between the historic cities of Jaipur and Agra, Keoladeo National Park is an
ornithologist’s dream, with hundreds of bird species in its compact size. Once a duck-
hunting ground for maharajas in the 19th century, this reserve became a bird sanctuary in
1976 and a national park in 1982. Now a UNESCO World Heritage site, it plays a vital role in
protecting migratory birds, an aim of National Geographic’s 2018 Year of the Bird campaign.
Many species along the Central Asian flyway, some critically endangered, winter here. Part
wetland and part savanna, the park is crowded with painted storks, and birders delight in
spotting sarus cranes, spoonbills, and black-headed ibises.
Keoladeo hosts migratory waterfowl from China, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Siberia.
Most visitors arrive via the two-hour drive from Agra, while the nearest airports are in Delhi
and Jaipur.
4. Satpura National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Picturesque Satpura National Park, in the highlands of central India, is a photographer’s
paradise. Grasslands and malachite green forests are riddled by ravines and slot canyons,
concealing temples and waterfalls. “I love Madhya Pradesh,” says National Geographic
photographer Matthieu Paley. “It’s a pocket of real India, far from the obsessive selfie
culture. Just make sure you bring enough spare camera batteries.” The park is home to
leopards, birds, and sloth bears, but the highlight is its diverse range of antelope and deer
species.Tranquil herds of diminutive Indian muntjacs, long-limbed spotted chital, and
splendidly antlered sambars and blackbucks move through Satpura’s woodland glades.
Satpura offers safaris by jeep, motorboat, kayak, and foot. Bhopal is the nearest airport,
while Pipariya is the closest railhead. The park is easily accessed by road from the cities of
Jabalpur, Chhindwara, and Nagpur.
Hemis National Park, Jammu And Kashmir
High in the Himalaya, Hemis National Park envelops snow-covered peaks and alpine tundra
at the northern tip of India. Most visitors come in summer when Buddhist prayer flags
flutter under the sun, but the park is a year-round picture of sparse beauty. “Visit Hemis in
winter,” advises Paley. “That’s when landscapes are starkest.” It’s also the best time to spot
this remote park’s headline attraction: snow leopards. A new count is forthcoming, but the
WII, citing a 2013 estimate, reported that 3,920 to 6,390 snow leopards may remain in the
wild. Hemis likely hosts the densest population, but sightings are rare. The park’s elusive
snow leopards are known as “gray ghosts.”About an hour flight from Delhi, the Ladakh
region’s main city, Leh, is 11,500 feet above sea level, so allow time to acclimatize to the
altitude.
5. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, Andaman Islands
Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park consists of 15 forest-cloaked islands surrounded by
coral reefs and home to indigenous tribes. Tourism is just beginning to take off here, and
only two islands—Jolly Buoy and Red Skin—are open to the public, offering visitors a
profound sense of remoteness. “Finding a king cobra on her nest, visiting the home of the
endemic Narcondam hornbill, watching manta rays feed in the current. These have been my
most precious experiences in 40 years of visiting the Andamans,” says Rom Whitaker, a
National Geographic filmmaker and co-founder of the Andaman Nicobar Environment Team.
More than 560 coral species have been identified in the coral reefs of Jolly Buoy and Red
Skin islands.
Arrival is via Veer Savarkar airport in Port Blair, 600 miles from India’s east coast. Most
activities close from June to August for the monsoon.
Thank you
References: Online notes, notes from research papers and Books by google search Engine
