Natural gas is a hydrocarbon composed primarily of methane that is found in conventional and unconventional deposits underground. Conventional deposits are commonly found near oil reservoirs, while unconventional sources include shale gas, tight gas in low-permeability sandstone, coalbed methane, methane hydrates, and biogenic gas. Shale gas is trapped within organic-rich shale formations, tight gas has migrated into reservoirs with small pore spaces, and coalbed methane is contained in coal deposits. Methane hydrates consist of methane molecules trapped within a cage of water molecules in arctic sediments and ocean floors. Natural gas has several environmental and health effects but produces fewer emissions than other fossil fuels when burned, and its transportation and storage requires strict safety regulations

1. NATURAL
GAS

2. DEFINITION OF NATURAL GAS
• Natural gas is a hydrocarbon, which means it
is made up of compounds of hydrogen and
carbon.
• The simplest hydrocarbon is methane; it
contains one carbon atom and four hydrogen
atoms.
• Water, oil, sulphur, carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
and other impurities may be mixed with the
gas when it comes out of the ground

3. There are two general categories of natural gas
deposits; conventional and unconventional.
1. Conventional natural gas deposits are
commonly found in association with oil
reservoirs, with the gas either mixed with the
oil or buoyantly floating on top.
2. unconventional deposits include sources
like shale gas, tight gas sandstone, and
coalbed methane, methane hydrates and
biogenic gas.

5. SHALE GAS
• Which trapped in its original source rock, the
organic-rich shale that formed from the
sedimentary deposition of mud, silt, clay, and
organic matter on the floors of shallow seas.

6. TIGHT GAS SANDSTONE
• Tight gas refers to natural gas that has
migrated into a reservoir rock with high
porosity but low permeability.
• These types of reservoirs are not usually
associated with oil and commonly require
horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing to
increase well output to cost-effective levels.

7. COALBED METHANE
• found trapped within coal deposits.
• Coalbed methane deposits have also attracted
interest for their potential for carbon
sequestration. Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into
hard-to-mine coal seams would cause the CO2 to
displace the methane locked within the coal,
enhancing the recovery of the natural gas
resource while storing the CO2 where it would
not contribute to global warming.

8. METHANE HYDRATES
• Methane hydrates, which consist of methane
molecules trapped in a cage of water
molecules, occur as crystalline solids in
sediments in arctic regions and below the
floor of the deep ocean. Although they look
like ice, methane hydrates will burn if lit.

10. Environmental Effect

11. GLOBAL WARMING EMISSION
Natural gas is made up mostly of
methane, which is a potent
greenhouse gas. These gas leaks
into the atmosphere from oil and
natural gas wells, storage tanks,
pipelines, and processing plants
AIR POLLUTION
Cleaner burning than other
fossil fuels, the combustion of
natural gas produces negligible
amounts of sulfur, mercury,
and particulates..
Exposure to elevated levels of
these air pollutants can lead to
adverse health outcomes,
including respiratory
symptoms, cardiovascular
disease, and cancer
WATER USE AND
POLLUTION
-contamination of drinking
water sources with
hazardous chemicals
used in -drilling the
wellbore, -hydraulically
fracturing the well
- processing and refining
the oil or gas,
- disposing of wastewater

12. Strict Safety Regulations And Standards Are Required For
Natural Gas Production, Transportation, Distribution, And
Storage
• Because a natural gas leak can cause an
explosion, there are strict government
regulations and industry standards in place to
ensure the safe transportation, storing,
distribution, and use of natural gas. Because
natural gas has no odor, natural gas companies
add a strong-smelling substance called
mercaptan to the natural gas so that people will
know if there is a leak. They may smell the rotten
egg scent of natural gas when the pilot light goes
out.

13. USES OF NATURAL GAS
Uses of
Natural
Gas
• Power Generation
• Transportation
• Fertilizer
• Aviation
• Hydrogen
• Industrials uses

14. Generate Electricity
• Single-cycle gas turbines
generally convert the heat
energy from combustion into
electricity at efficiencies of
35 to 40 percent.
• Higher efficiencies of 50
percent or more are
possible in natural gas
“combined-cycle” (NGCC)
plants. NGCC plants first
use the combustion gases
to drive a gas turbine, after
which the hot exhaust from
the gas turbine is used to
boil water into steam and
drive a steam turbine.