The National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) aims to prevent and control non-communicable diseases in India through behavior change, screening, early diagnosis, management, and capacity building. It was launched in response to NCDs surpassing communicable diseases as the leading causes of death in India. The program focuses on raising awareness, screening for common NCDs, establishing clinics for treatment, training healthcare workers, and monitoring progress towards targets such as reducing NCD mortality rates. It has expanded to include initiatives for cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and other conditions.
National programme for prevention and control of cancer npcdcsanjalatchi
A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs include Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, most heart diseases, most cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and others.
National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stro...Vivek Varat
Government of India initiated a National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancers, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) during 2010-11 after integrating the National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP) with (NPDCS).
ndia is one of the developing countries who have national cancer control programme (NCCP). We started way back in 1975 and the plan has been revised three times. The first revision was in 1984, second one in 1991 and third one 2004.
National programme for prevention and control of cancer npcdcsanjalatchi
A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs include Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, strokes, most heart diseases, most cancers, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and others.
National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD and Stro...Vivek Varat
Government of India initiated a National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancers, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) during 2010-11 after integrating the National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP) with (NPDCS).
ndia is one of the developing countries who have national cancer control programme (NCCP). We started way back in 1975 and the plan has been revised three times. The first revision was in 1984, second one in 1991 and third one 2004.
NPCDCS, NP-NCDs, recent updates in national program for non-communicable diseases, components under NPCDCS, Objectives, strategies, behavioral changes, health activities at sub-center, at community health center, at district hospital, urban health check up scheme, cancer component, tobacco control legislation, provisions under COTPA act, NTCP.
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National programme for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, CVDs and s...Dr Lipilekha Patnaik
NCDs are surpassing the burden of communicable diseases in India, need for National Programme on Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke was envisaged.
NPCDCS, NP-NCDs, recent updates in national program for non-communicable diseases, components under NPCDCS, Objectives, strategies, behavioral changes, health activities at sub-center, at community health center, at district hospital, urban health check up scheme, cancer component, tobacco control legislation, provisions under COTPA act, NTCP.
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National programme for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, CVDs and s...Dr Lipilekha Patnaik
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
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disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
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combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
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AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
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drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
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comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
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National programme for prevention and control of cancer
1. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF CANCER, DIABETES, CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES AND STROKE (NPCDCS)
DR PANKAJ CHAUDHARY
JUNIOR RESIDENT
G.S.V.M MEDICAL COLLEGE KANPUR
8/2/2019 1
2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Total no of slides: 54
Background
Magnitude
Evolution
Objectives
Strategies
Package of services
Targets
Achievements
New initiatives
Cancer component under NPCDCS
References: National Action Plan & Monitoring Framework for Prevention & Control of NCDs
India, National Centre for Disease Control DGHS Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
GOI, National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, CVDs, Diabetes& Strokes,
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI & National Health Profile 2018.
8/2/2019 2
3. BACKGROUND
India is experiencing a rapid health transition with a rising burden of Non-
Communicable Diseases (NCD) surpassing the burden of Communicable
diseases.
The Non-Communicable Diseases like Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), Cancer,
Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Diabetes and other NCDs are estimated to
account for around 60% of all deaths, thus making them the leading causes of
death.
Losses due to premature deaths due to these NCDs are also projected to increase
over the years.
8/2/2019 3
7. OBJECTIVES
Prevent and control through behavior and life style changes.
Provide early diagnosis and management.
Build capacity at various levels of health care for prevention,
diagnosis and treatment.
Train human resource within the public health setup viz. doctors,
paramedics and nursing staff to cope with the increasing burden of
NCDs.
Establish and develop capacity for palliative & rehabilitative care.
8/2/2019 7
8. STRATEGIES
Health promotion, awareness generation and
promotion of healthy lifestyle.
Screening and early detection.
Timely, affordable and accurate diagnosis.
Access to affordable treatment.
Rehabilitation.
8/2/2019 8
9. Prevention through behavior change
Increased intake of healthy foods
Increased physical activity through sports & exercise.
Avoidance of tobacco and alcohol.
Stress management.
Warning signs of cancer etc.
8/2/2019 9
10. Early diagnosis
Opportunistic screening of persons above the age of 30
years at the point of primary contact with any health care
facility.
Simple clinical examination comprising of relevant
questions and easily conducted physical measurements such
as history of tobacco consumption and measurement of blood
pressure etc.
To identify those individuals who are at a high risk of
developing diabetes and CVD, warranting further
investigation/ action.
8/2/2019 10
11. Treatment
“NCD clinic’’ established at CHC and District
Hospital.
Screening, diagnosis and management (including diet
counselling, Lifestyle management) and home based
care will be the key functions.
8/2/2019 11
12. Capacity building of human resource
Health personnel at various levels will be trained for
health promotion, prevention, early detection and
management by a team of trainers at identified
Training Institutes/Centers.
8/2/2019 12
13. Supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation
Regular monitoring and review of the scheme will be
conducted at the District, State and Central level through
monitoring formats and periodic visits and review meetings.
The evaluation is the integral part of the programme and will
be carried out concurrently and periodically, as & when
required.
As under the programme those found negative on screening
in first year will be screened every 5 years.
8/2/2019 13
19. EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Reduction in exposure to risk factors, life style
changes leading to reduction in NCDs.
Improved quality of life.
Early detection and timely treatment leading to
increase in cure rate / control and survival.
Reduction in prevalence of physical disabilities
including blindness and deafness.
8/2/2019 19
20. Providing user friendly health services to the elderly
population of the country.
Reduction in deaths and disability due to trauma,
burns and disasters.
Reduction in out-of-pocket expenditure on
management of NCDs and thereby preventing
catastrophic.
Implication on affected individual.
8/2/2019 20
39. ACHIEVEMENTS
For programme management, State NCD Cells have been established in all 36
States/UTs, and District NCD Cells have been established in 390
district headquarters till March 2017.
Provision has been made under the programme to provide free diagnostic
facilities and free drugs for NCD patients attending the NCD clinics at the
District and CHC levels.
Till March 2017, 388 District NCD Clinics and 2115 CHC NCD Clinics have
been established in the country.
Also, 133 Cardiac Care Units (CCU) for emergency Cardiac Care and 82 Day
Care Centers for cancer chemotherapy have been set up in identified districts.
8/2/2019 39
40. NEW INITIATIVES UNDER THE PROGRAMME
Guidelines for prevention and management of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
Integration of AYUSH with NPCDCS.
Pilot intervention has been initiated for the prevention and control of
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease under the platforms
of NPCDCS and RBSK (Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram).
Integration of RNTCP with NPCDCS.
8/2/2019 40
42. Cancer has emerged as a major public health challenge internationally
and in India. It is one of the leading causes of deaths. Prevalence of
cancer in India is estimated to be 28 lakh while the annual incidence and
mortality is estimated to be 11 lakh and 5 lakh respectively.
In 1975-76 National Cancer Control Programme was launched with
objectives of prevention, early diagnosis and treatment which was further
revised in 1984-85 and December 2004.
During 2010, the programme was integrated with National Programme
on Prevention and Control of Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease and
Stroke.
8/2/2019 42
43. OBJECTIVES
Primary prevention of cancers by health education
Secondary prevention i.e. early detection and diagnosis of
common cancers such as cancer of cervix, mouth, breast
and tobacco related cancer by screening and/ self
examination method.
Tertiary prevention i.e. strengthening of the existing
institutions of comprehensive and palliative care.
8/2/2019 43
44. SCHEMES UNDER THE REVISED
PROGRAMME
• Regional Cancer Centre Scheme.
• Oncology Wing Development Scheme.
• Decentralized NGO scheme.
• IEC activities at central level.
• Research and training.
8/2/2019 44
46. Objective
To provide comprehensive care, training and research in all types of
cancers. The comprehensive care includes cancer prevention, early
detection, diagnosis, treatment, after care, palliative care and
rehabilitation.
To act as a regional referral center for the comprehensive management
(treatment) of difficult cancer cases.
To provide pain and palliative care and ensure availability of opioids
drugs for cancer patients.
To function as a center for creating/ imparting training of different
health professionals (Doctors, Nurse, technologists, technicians) where
possible.
8/2/2019 46
47. To facilitate in organizing workshops/training programmes
for human resource development.
To facilitate in developing modules/standard treatment
protocols for the common cancer.
To coordinate with other institutions, NGOs, medical
colleges and the general health care delivery infrastructure in
conduction of cancer related activities including peripheral
outreach services in their respective geographical areas/
region.
8/2/2019 47
48. Strengthening of Tertiary Care Cancer
facilities scheme
Envisaged to set up 20 State Cancer Institutes (SCIs) and 50 Tertiary
Care Cancer Centres (TCCCs) across the country.
The financial assistance of up to Rs.120 crore for SCIs and up to
Rs.45 crore for TCCCs can be provided under the scheme with State
Government share of 40% (10 % for North East and Hill States).
Maximum of 30% of the sanctioned amount can be utilized for
civil/electrical work (including renovation) and improvement of
infrastructure.
8/2/2019 48
49. SCI/TCCC will provide comprehensive cancer diagnosis, treatment
and care services.
SCI will be the apex institution in the State for Cancer related
activities.
SCI will provide outreach services, diagnosis and referral treatments,
develop treatment protocols, undertake research and enhance the
capacity of personnel in the State in this field.
TCCC will undertake similar activities, though at a lower scale.
8/2/2019 49
50. ROLE OF SCI AND TCCC
The SCI /TCCC will provide comprehensive cancer
diagnosis, treatment and care services.
SCI will be a role model and leader in this field. It will serve
as the nodal and apex Institution to mentor other Government
Institutes (including TCCC and RCC).
TCCC should mentor cancer related activities including at
the district level and below in their respective footprint area
(the areas from where patients are accessing the TCCC).
8/2/2019 50
51. SCI/TCCC will promote prevention of cancer; participate in outreach
and other activities under NPCDCS and other related public health
programmes.
SCI/TCCC will help in training of doctors/health personnel for cancer.
SCI/TCCC will participate in the cancer registry programme.
SCI/TCCC will promote research activities for cancer.
Patients screened for cancer under NPCDCS and other Government
programmes will get Tertiary care diagnosis and treatment in TCCC
and SCI.
8/2/2019 51
52. NATIONAL CANCER REGISTRY PROGRAMME
• National Cancer Registry Programme was launched in 1982 by Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to provide true information on
cancer prevalence and incidence.
Objectives:
1. To generate authentic data on the magnitude of cancer problem in
India.
2. To undertake epidemiological investigations and advice control
measures.
3. Promote human resource development in cancer epidemiology.
8/2/2019 52
53. DISTRICT CANCER CONTROL PROGRAMME
This programme was launched in 1990-91.
State and Union Territory has advised projects on health education,
early detection, and pain relief measures.
For this they can get up to Rs.15 lakh one time assistance and Rs.10
lakh for four years recurring assistance.
For effective functioning each district have one District Cancer
Society that is chaired by District Magistrate/Chief Medical Officer.
Other members are Dean of medical college, Zila parishad
representative, NGO representative.
8/2/2019 53
54. ELEMENTS
1. Health education.
2. Early detection.
3. Training of medical & paramedical personnel.
4. Palliative treatment and pain relief.
5. Coordination and monitoring.
The District programmes are linked with Regional Cancer Centres/
Government Hospitals/ Medical Colleges.
8/2/2019 54