The document discusses nasal drug delivery systems. Some key points: - Nasal delivery provides direct access to systemic circulation and is an alternative to invasive methods. Approximately 2% of drugs are administered nasally. - The nasal pH is optimal for drug absorption. The nasal cavity has a large surface area and vascular network suited for drug absorption. - Several drug classes have been effectively delivered through the nasal route, including corticosteroids, antibiotics, and vaccines. - Various dosage forms exist for nasal delivery including sprays, gels, ointments, and insufflators. Atomization methods like mucosal atomizers or nebulizers are effective due to low cost and ease-of-use.

1. 22/11/2015
1

2. 22/11/2015
2

3. 22/11/2015
3

4. NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM ..
• Administration of drug through nasal route is known as
Nasal Drug Delivery System .
• About 2% of the overall drug delivery is via the nasal
route .
• In recent years many drugs have been shown to achieve
better systemic bioavailability through nasal route than
by oral administration .
• Eg : topical decongestants and anti inflammatory drugs
used in rhinitis .
• Nasal route is an alternative to invasive administrations
and provides a direct access to the systemic circulation.
22/11/2015
4

5. 22/11/2015
5

6. 22/11/2015
6

7. 22/11/2015
7

8. NASAL pH
• Nasal secretion of adult : 5.5 -6.5
• Infants and children : 5-6.7
• It becomes alkaline in conditions such as acute
rhinitis. ,acute sinusitis .
22/11/2015
8

9. FUNCTIONS OF NOSE
• SMELL DETECTION
OLFACTION
• FILTRATION
• HEATING
• HUMIDIFICATIONRESPIRATION
22/11/2015
9

10. 22/11/2015
10

11. 22/11/2015
11

12. 22/11/2015
12

13. 22/11/2015
13

14. 22/11/2015
14

15. 22/11/2015
15

16. 22/11/2015
16

17. 22/11/2015
17

18. 4.)DIRECT ABSORPTION INTO THE
BLOOD STREAM
• Large mucosal surface covered with a rich
vascular bed of highly permeable capillaries
creates an opportunity for intranasal medication
delivery .
• Not just fluids but the fluids delivered in air
stream onto the mucosa will cross the capilary
bed into the airstream .
22/11/2015
18

19. 22/11/2015
19

20. • EFFECT OF MOLECULAR SIZE AND
WEIGHT .
• EFFECT OF PERFUSION RATE .
• EFFECT OF PERFUSATE VOLUME .
• EFFECT OF SOLUTION.
• DRUG LIPOPHILICITY .
• DRUG CONCENTRATION .
• DRUG SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION
RATE .
PHYSIOCHEMICAL
PARAMETERS
• TRANSCELLULAR
• PARACELLULAR ETC .MECHANISMS
• MODE OF ADMINISTRATION .
DISTRIBUTION
AND
DEPOSITION
22/11/2015
20

21. • Structural modification
• Salt/ester formation
• Formulation design
• surfactants
ENHANCEMENT
IN ABSORPTION
EFFECT OF DELIVERY SYSTEM
PHARMACOKINETICS AND BIOAVAILABILITY
22/11/2015
21

22. THERAPEUTIC CLASS OF DRUGS
FOR NASAL ROUTE .
1. ß2 Adrenergic agonists .
2.Corticosteroids .
3.Antiviral .
4.Antibiotics .
5.Antifungal .
6.Vaccines (recently)
22/11/2015
22

23. 22/11/2015
23

24. • INSUFFLATORS .
• DRY POWDER INHALERPOWDERS
22/11/2015
24

25. 22/11/2015
25

26. 22/11/2015
26

27. 22/11/2015
27

28. 22/11/2015
28

29. 22/11/2015
29

30. NASAL CREAMS
• Nasal creams are semisolid preparations that
meant to be instilled in the nose.
• They are cost effective , non invasive .
22/11/2015
30

31. NASAL OINTMENT
These are translucent ,homogenous , viscous
,semisolid preparation intended to be instilled in
the nose .
They are easy to administer and
painless.
Due to their viscosity they will not
ooze out of the nose
22/11/2015
31

32. SATURATED COTTON PLEDGET.
• Cotton pledgets are
soaked in the drug
and placed in the
nasal cavity .
• Commonly used for
local anaesthetics
,vasoconstrictors etc .
22/11/2015
32

33. 22/11/2015
33

34. 22/11/2015
34

35. Mucosal atomization is the best method because :
cheap
easy to use
Disposable / single use
Appropriate drug concentrations
22/11/2015
35

36. Nebulizer is a drug delivery device used
to administer medication in the form of a
mist inhaled into the lungs.The most
commonly used nebulizers are Jet
nebulizers, which are also called
"atomizers". Jet nebulizers are commonly
used for patients in hospitals who have
difficulty using inhalers .The main
advantage of the Jet nebulizer is related
to its low operational cost.
NEBULIZERS
22/11/2015
36

37. POWDERS LIQUID DROPS
LIQUID
SPRAY/NEBULIZER
AEROSOLS
SUSPENSION
SPRAY/NEBULIZERS
GEL
OINTMENTS CREAMS
22/11/2015
37

38. 22/11/2015
38

39. NASAL INSULIN
• Several trials are made with intranasal
formulations.
• DESMOPRESSIN was the first drug given
nasally.
• Its available as insufflator ,nasal kit etc .
22/11/2015
39

40. 22/11/2015
40

41. 22/11/2015
41

42. NASAL ANTI VOMITING
LINCOLN PHARMA :
• Presently in india , anti vomiting agents are
available in the form of tablets and injections
which take longer time to provide relief .
• But now through nasal drug delivery system ,
the patient can get immediate relief .LPL
becomes the first company in India to provide
anti vomiting drug in the form of nasal spray
pump .
22/11/2015
42

43. 22/11/2015
43

44. 22/11/2015
44

45. 22/11/2015
45

46. 22/11/2015
46

47. 22/11/2015
47

48. 22/11/2015
48

49. 22/11/2015
49