The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Myringoplasty is the closure of the perforation of pars tensa of the tympanic membrane. When myringoplasty is combined with ossicular reconstruction, it is called tympanoplasty. The operation is performed with the patient supine and face turned to one side.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Myringoplasty is the closure of the perforation of pars tensa of the tympanic membrane. When myringoplasty is combined with ossicular reconstruction, it is called tympanoplasty. The operation is performed with the patient supine and face turned to one side.
Complications of rhinosinusitis(Dr ravindra daggupati)Ravindra Daggupati
orbital complications of rhino sinusitis,intra cranial complications of rhino sinusitis,classification of complications,diagnosis and treatment of complications
Hands on workshop to train doctors, medics and paramedics in dealing with facial injuries in an austere environment. Wilderness Medicine for stabilizing facial trauma.
Complications of rhinosinusitis(Dr ravindra daggupati)Ravindra Daggupati
orbital complications of rhino sinusitis,intra cranial complications of rhino sinusitis,classification of complications,diagnosis and treatment of complications
Hands on workshop to train doctors, medics and paramedics in dealing with facial injuries in an austere environment. Wilderness Medicine for stabilizing facial trauma.
Le fort fracture by Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi, Oral Surgeon, Pune All Good Things
Hi. This is Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Oral & Maxillofacial surgeon from Pune, India. I am here on slideshare.com to share some of my own presentations presented at various levels in the field of OMFS. Hope this would somehow be helpful to you making your presentations. All the best.
Le fort fracture by Dr. Amit Suryawanshi .Dentist in Kolhapur (MDS). Oral &...All Good Things
Description:
Hi. This is Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Dentist in Kolhapur (MDS) Oral & Maxillofacial surgeon from Kolhapur, India. I am here on slideshare.com to share some of my own presentations presented at various levels in the field of OMFS. Hope this would somehow be helpful to you making your presentations. All the best & your replies are welcomed!
A seminar prepared during my omfs posting hours. Short points are added for easiness to study and bihart. Reference taken from Balaji and Neelima Anil Malik
lefort fractures are an important set of fractures to learn among midfacial fractues which requires a thorough anatomical knowlwdge for adequate management of patient as they suffer from mild to severe aesthetic deformities in addition to functional compromise which needs to be corrected with precise knowledge and care
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
1. FRACTURE OF NASAL BONE
&
FACIAL BONE AND ITS
MANGMENT
DR V SANKAR NAIK
ENT PG(2nd year)
NMCH
2. NASAL BONE FRACTURE
• Nasal bone fractures results delays in management can result result in
significant cosmetic and functional deformity.
• Compound and communicated fractures are more common in elderly
who are prone to fall.
• CLASSIFICATION:
• 1.Nature of injury
• 2.Extent of deformity
• 3.Pattern of fracture
3. NATURE OF INJURY:
• Most of fractures results from laterally applied forces greater than
66% .
• Frontal injury fractures for only 13%.
4. EXTENT OF DEFORMITY:
• A five points Grading system has been developed for the extent of
lateral deviation of the nasal pyramid.
Grade 1: Straight nasal bones
Grade 2: Nasal bone deviated less than half the width of the nasal
bridge
Grade 3: Nasal bone deviated half to full width of nasal bridge
Grade 4: Nasal bone deviated more than full width of nasal bridge
Grade 5: Nasal bone in contact with cheeks
5. PATTERN OF FRACTURE:
• Nasal fracture are divided into three classes
• Class 1:
• Frontal blow to nose leading to depression/ displacement of the distal
part of the nasal bone .
• This fracture was first described by CHEVALLET and BEARS.
• In children, these fractures may be of the greenstick variety and
significant nasal deformity
6. • Class 2:
• Lateral blow to nose leading to lateral deviation of bony nasal
pyramid .
• Involves nasal bones, septum , frontal process of maxilla .
• Displacement: Ethmoidal labyrinth and orbital.
• It is a C-shaped fracture .
• As a rule of thumb, if the nasal dorsum is deviated laterally greater
than half the width of the nose [grade 2].
7. • Class 3:
• High-energy injury to nose leading to complex fracture extending to
ethmoidal bone . Perpendicular plate of ethmoid may rotate
backward. Nasal tip may rotate upward.
• Accompanied saddle nose deformity gives “pig like” appearance.
• Medial canthal ligament may get disrupted and lead to telecanthus.
8. • Two categories of naso-orbital –ethmoidal fractures.
• Type 1: The anterior skull base, posterior wall of the frontal sinus and
optic canal remain intact.
• Type 2: There is disruption of posterior frontal sinus wall , multiple
fractures of the roof of ethmoid and orbit that may extend posteriorly
to the spenoid and parasellar regions.
9. TYPES OF NASAL BONE FRACTURES:
• Two types :
1: Depressed :they are due to frontal blow
lower part of nasal bones which is thinner ,easily gives
way,a severe blow will cause OPEN BOOK FRACTURE in which nasal
septum collapsed and nasal bones splayed out
Still greater forces cause communication of nasal bones and even the
frontal frocesses of maxilla with flattening and widening of nasal
dorsum
10. • 2: ANGULATED FRACTURES:
• A lateral blow cause may cause unilateral depression of nasal bone on
the same side or may fracture both the nasal bone and septum with
deviation nasal bridge
• Septal hematoma may form.
11. CLINICAL FEATURES
• Pain
• Swilling appears within hours and hides the defect
• Nasal obstruction
• Bleeding from nose and external wound
• Nasal deformity
• Periorbital ecchymosis
• External lacerations ,exposure of nasal bones and cartilage in coumpound
fractures
• Tenderness ,crepitus , and mobility of fractured fragments
• Sepatal deviation/hematoma
13. TREATMENT
• Depends on the duration of the injury.
• If the patient present immediately before the swelling over the nose
appears ,surgical intervention with reduction of the fracture can be
done immediately using a Asch’s and spencer well forceps after
disimpaction of the fractured bone followed by realignment by using
digital pressure [Walsham’s forceps].
• If swelling has already appeared over the nose, the fracture reduction
should be delayed until the swelling subside. After 7 to 14 days
fracture can be reduced .
• For delayed, neglected , manipulated fractures rhinoplasty is
required.
14. • The face can be divided into three regions :
• 1. upper third- above the level of supraorbital ridge.
• 2. middle third- between the supraorbital ridge and the upper teeth
• 3. lower third- mandible and the lower teeth .
15. FRACTURE OF THE FACE
• 1. UPPER THIRD:
Frontal sinus
supraorbital ridge
frontal bone
16. • 2.Middle third :
• nasal bones and septum
naso-orbital area
-zygoma
-zygomatic arch
-orbital floor
-Maxilla
Le fort I {transverse}
Le fort II {pyramidal}
Le fort III {craniofacial dysjunction}
17. • 3.Lower third :
Alveolar process
Symphysis
Body
Angle
Ascending ramus
Condyle
Temporomandibular joint.
18. LE FORT’S FRACTURES :
• 1.Le fort I [Guerin’s fracture]:
• This is a low transverse fracture of the maxilla involving the palate
only and is characterized by mobility or displacement of the maxillary
dental arch and palate , dental malocclusion is usually present .
• The fracture line involves lower part of the maxilla, which runs along
the lower edge of the pyriform aperture extending further to the
alveolar process of maxilla and finally to the lower part of the
pterygoid process of the spenoid bone .
•
19. • Le fortII [ pyramidal fracture]:
• This is the commonest type of le fort fracture.
• It involves fracture en block of the palate and middle third of the
nose, including the nose.
• The fracture line starts from at the mid-part of the nasal bone
extending to the lacrimal bone and orbital floor and the infraorbital
margin. It runs onto the zygomaticomaxillary suture line and extends
further laterally to the mid-portion of the pterygoid process.
• This commonly occurs following road traffic accidents and is often a
complex fracture, as a result of more severe trauma.
20. • Le fort III: [craniofacial dysjunction]
• This is a type fracture where the bony framework gets completely
separated from its cranial attachment[craniofacial dysjunction] and is
usually as a result of severe frontal violence and is often fatal.
• The fracture line starts from the root of the nose and extends along
the nasofrontal , maxillofrontal ,zygomaticofrontal and
ethmoidofrontal suture lines. It then extends to the upper part of the
pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone .
• The entire zygomaticomaxillary complex may be mobile and
displaced.
21. SYMPTOMS:
• Facial swelling
• Facial deformity
• Malocclusion
• Epistaxis
• Elongated face
• Nose block
• CSF rhinorrhea may be present in type three fractures
• Diplopia and other orbital symptoms may be present in type 2 and 3
fractures
• Infraorbital parasthesia especially in type 2 fractures.
22. SIGNS:
• Orbital ecchymosis, proptosis, limitation of extraocular movements may be
present in types 2 and 3.
• Malocclusion
• Periorbital edema
• Dish face deformity in types 2 and 3
• Step deformity
-At the orbital rim and nasal bones in type 2
-At the nasal bones in type 3
-pyriform aperture and palatal region in type 1.
.Crepitus on palpating/moving the fractured segments.
.Trismus may be present and more common in type 2 and 3 due to spasm of
pterygoid muscles.
23. INVESTIGATIONS:
• X- ray skull lateral views and x-ray PNS – occipito-mental and
occipitofrontal views. Submentovertical [base skull] view is valuable
but should be taken only after ruling out fracture of the cervical
spine.
• X-ray nasal bones.
• CT scan with 3D reconstruction
• Nasal endoscopy is usefull in the evaluation of CSF rhinorrhea.