This document discusses several models and theories of narrative structure:
1) Bordwell & Thompson's model shows how story and plot combine to form narrative structure, with most beginning in media res.
2) Todorov's narrative theory outlines a 5-stage structure of equilibrium, disruption, quest, resolution, and new equilibrium.
3) Barthes and others discussed how narratives are built through codes that create puzzles and advance the story through expected actions and signs.
4) Various theorists categorized narratives into common archetypes like Achilles, Cinderella, and Romeo & Juliet based on recurring elements.
Media Studies intro to Narrative [autosaved]alevelmedia
An introductions to Narrative theory for Media Studies students. From Barthes action and enigma codes to Syd Field's formulaic 3 act structure, a easy to understand and visual reference for all media students taken from www.alevelmedia.co.uk
A series of slides documenting my research and process leading to the creation of graphics for a production company and music artist's branding for A-level Media Studies.
Media Studies intro to Narrative [autosaved]alevelmedia
An introductions to Narrative theory for Media Studies students. From Barthes action and enigma codes to Syd Field's formulaic 3 act structure, a easy to understand and visual reference for all media students taken from www.alevelmedia.co.uk
A series of slides documenting my research and process leading to the creation of graphics for a production company and music artist's branding for A-level Media Studies.
Within this presentation I take the time to explain narrative by definition; discussing theorists, relating them to my narrative idea and elaborating on the theories.
“To be integrated is to feel secure, to feel connected.” The views and experi...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Although a significant amount of literature exists on Morocco's migration policies and their
successes and failures since their implementation in 2014, there is limited research on the integration of subSaharan African children into schools. This paperis part of a Ph.D. research project that aims to fill this gap. It
reports the main findings of a study conducted with migrant children enrolled in two public schools in Rabat,
Morocco, exploring how integration is defined by the children themselves and identifying the obstacles that they
have encountered thus far. The following paper uses an inductive approach and primarily focuses on the
relationships of children with their teachers and peers as a key aspect of integration for students with a migration
background. The study has led to several crucial findings. It emphasizes the significance of speaking Colloquial
Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and being part of a community for effective integration. Moreover, it reveals that the
use of Modern Standard Arabic as the language of instruction in schools is a source of frustration for students,
indicating the need for language policy reform. The study underlines the importanceof considering the
children‟s agency when being integrated into mainstream public schools.
.
KEYWORDS: migration, education, integration, sub-Saharan African children, public school
Unlock TikTok Success with Sociocosmos..SocioCosmos
Discover how Sociocosmos can boost your TikTok presence with real followers and engagement. Achieve your social media goals today!
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/tiktok/
Grow Your Reddit Community Fast.........SocioCosmos
Sociocosmos helps you gain Reddit followers quickly and easily. Build your community and expand your influence.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/reddit/
Buy Pinterest Followers, Reactions & Repins Go Viral on Pinterest with Socio...SocioCosmos
Get more Pinterest followers, reactions, and repins with Sociocosmos, the leading platform to buy all kinds of Pinterest presence. Boost your profile and reach a wider audience.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/pinterest/
Enhance your social media strategy with the best digital marketing agency in Kolkata. This PPT covers 7 essential tips for effective social media marketing, offering practical advice and actionable insights to help you boost engagement, reach your target audience, and grow your online presence.
Multilingual SEO Services | Multilingual Keyword Research | Filosemadisonsmith478075
Multilingual SEO services are essential for businesses aiming to expand their global presence. They involve optimizing a website for search engines in multiple languages, enhancing visibility, and reaching diverse audiences. Filose offers comprehensive multilingual SEO services designed to help businesses optimize their websites for search engines in various languages, enhancing their global reach and market presence. These services ensure that your content is not only translated but also culturally and contextually adapted to resonate with local audiences.
Visit us at -https://www.filose.com/
Your Path to YouTube Stardom Starts HereSocioCosmos
Skyrocket your YouTube presence with Sociocosmos' proven methods. Gain real engagement and build a loyal audience. Join us now.
https://www.sociocosmos.com/product-category/youtube/
Improving Workplace Safety Performance in Malaysian SMEs: The Role of Safety ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the Malaysian context, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience a significant
burden of workplace accidents. A consensus among scholars attributes a substantial portion of these incidents to
human factors, particularly unsafe behaviors. This study, conducted in Malaysia's northern region, specifically
targeted Safety and Health/Human Resource professionals within the manufacturing sector of SMEs. We
gathered a robust dataset comprising 107 responses through a meticulously designed self-administered
questionnaire. Employing advanced partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques
with SmartPLS 3.2.9, we rigorously analyzed the data to scrutinize the intricate relationship between safety
behavior and safety performance. The research findings unequivocally underscore the palpable and
consequential impact of safety behavior variables, namely safety compliance and safety participation, on
improving safety performance indicators such as accidents, injuries, and property damages. These results
strongly validate research hypotheses. Consequently, this study highlights the pivotal significance of cultivating
safety behavior among employees, particularly in resource-constrained SME settings, as an essential step toward
enhancing workplace safety performance.
KEYWORDS :Safety compliance, safety participation, safety performance, SME
Surat Digital Marketing School is created to offer a complete course that is specifically designed as per the current industry trends. Years of experience has helped us identify and understand the graduate-employee skills gap in the industry. At our school, we keep up with the pace of the industry and impart a holistic education that encompasses all the latest concepts of the Digital world so that our graduates can effortlessly integrate into the assigned roles.
This is the place where you become a Digital Marketing Expert.
2. Bordwell & Thompson, 1978
This model above shows how narrative works within media texts. It resolves around the
concept of story and plot combining to form structure. Most narrative’s start in what is
known as the ‘media res’, Latin for ‘in the middle’.
The term ‘Fabula’ is used to describe a chronical series of events, as the diagram above
demonstrates.
‘Syuzhet’ describes everything visible and present in terms of order, manner and
techniques of presentation.
The diagram is generally made up of three aspects.These include; Inferred events,
explicitly shown events and non-diegetic material.
a)
Inferred events
b)
Explicitly shown events
c)
Non-diegetic material
STORY (What happens)
PLOT (How we see what happens)
3. Tim O’Sullivan et al argues that all media texts tell us some kind of story.
Through careful mediatation, media texts offer a way of telling stories about
ourselves – not usually our own personal stories but the story of us as a culture or set
of cultures.
Narrative theory sets out to show that what we experience when we ‘read’ a story is
to understand a particular set of constructs, or conventions and that it is important to
be aware of how these constructions are put together.The way in which this is
achieved gives an insight into the ideologies of societies at that particular point in
time.
Tim O’Sullivan et al, 1998
4. Outlook on Narrative
Tim O’Sullivan et al (1998) suggested that all narratives have a
common structure, beginning with the establishment of a certain
plot or theme.
This is then followed by the development of the problem, an enigma
(Ronald Barthes 1997) or an increase in tension.
Finally, a resolution is reached where a new equilibrium is obtained.
Such narratives can be unambiguous (having only one meaning) and
linear.
5. Key terms surrounding Narrative
‘Diegesis’ concerns the fictional space and time implied by the narrative, or basically
the world in which the story takes place.This is kept realistic in the construction of
most media texts, however is not required within music videos.
‘Verisimilitude’ is required to create realistic ideas allowing the viewer to engage with
the video. This is constructed following the rules of continuity, temporal and spacial
coherence. When maintained and kept consistent, continuity is induced within that
particular media text.
Continuity editing is still used regardless of the realism of the diegesis or lack of
verisimilitude.
‘Conventional Syntax’ makes up an essential element of continuity editing. An
example of this would be an establishing shot in the beginning, shot reverse shots
and eye-line matches. Another example would be the display of time passing through
a montage sequence. This is used to establish narrative, inducing temporal and
spacial awareness.
However, despite the above, narrative is developed through the inclusion of individual
aspects displaying messages and ideas to the viewer.
6. Structure of classic narrative system:
According to Pan Cook (1985), the standard Hollywood narrative
structure should include:
Linearity of cause and effect within an overall trajectory of enigma resolution.
A high degree of narrative closure.
A fictional world which contains verisimilitude especially governed by spatial and
temporal coherence.
7. Todorou’s Narrative Theory
This theory basically states that all media texts featuring story or
narrative follow the same pattern or path.This consists of the five
following stages-
1- Equilibrium (The beginning stage at which everything is normal)
2-Protagonist and antagonist cause a disruption
3-Quest/ realisation of the problem
4-Resolution to the problem (Restored order) where the characters attempt to fix
the problem.
5-Re-equilibrium where everything is okay again but with a change in plot to that
in the beginning.
Narrative structure follows a cause and effect pattern implying that situations
change.
8. Barthes (1997)
Barthes suggested that narrative is built through the five codes
while the enigma code creates problems or puzzles for the audience.
The action code is based upon our cultural and stereotypical
understanding of actions, acting to advance the narrative in a
discreet way.
9. Adrian Tilley (1991)
Tilley used the buckling of the gun belt in theWestern genre as a
means of signifying the preferred reading of an imminent shoot out,
and this works in the same way as the starting of a car engine.
10. Kate Domaille (2001)
Suggests that every story ever told can be categorised by one eight
narrative types. Each has a source and an original story upon which all
others are based.These are as follows:
ACHILLES –The fatal flaw which leads to the destruction of the previously or almost
flawless person. Eg- Superman, Fatal Attraction.
CANDIDE –The indomitable hero who cannot be put down. Eg- Indiana Jones, James
Bond, Rocky, etc.
CINDERELLA – The dream comes true. Eg- pretty woman
CIRCE – The chase, the spider and the fly, the innocent and the victim. Eg- Smokey And
The Bandit, Dust,TheTerminator.
FAUST – Selling your soul to the devil may bring riches but eventually your soul
belongs to him. Eg- Bedazzled,Walt Street.
ORPHEUS – The loss of something personal, the gift that is taken away, the tragedy of
losses or the journey which follows the loss. Eg-The Sixth Sense, Love Story, Born on
the Forth of July.
ROMEO AND JULIET – The love story. Eg- titanic.
TRISTAN AND ISEULT – The love triangle, man loves woman, unfortunately one or
both of them are already spoken for, or a third party intervenes. Eg- Casablanca.
11. Claude Levi Strauss (1988)
Narrative theory reflects on his belief that all stories operated to
clear binary oppositions. Eg- good vs evil, black vs white, rich vs
poor, etc.
The importance of these ideas is that essentially a complicated
world is reduced to a simple either/ or structure.Things are either
right or wrong, good or bad.There is no in-between.