Discourse and Genre (the relationship between discourse and genre) Aticka Dewi
We provide some questions to make the discussion clearer
1. What is discourse?
Discourse is the use of language in text and context
2. What is genre?
Genre in linguistics refers to the type and structure of language typically used for a particular purpose in a particular context.
3. What is relationship between discourse and genre?
Discourse analysis is genre analysis. When we analyze discourses, of course we will specify them into more specific types from the characteristics of each discourse. For exampleThe specific type of discourses is called as genre.
4. Why should we use genre to analyze discourse?
Discourse is language in use. It is huge and almost unlimited. So, when we want to analyze discourses, we need a limitation to limit the unlimited things. Here, we use an analogy for this statement. (slide 11,12)
Genre provides limit in discourse.
That is why genre is used to help us divining and analyzing the discourses.
5. How do we analyze discourse through genre?
Example: text “Forklift fatty Improving”.
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The text is taken from the newspaper report. As we see in the language features and structures, we can divine it into recount text. It is non fiction, because it is based on real event. And it is written. So, we can say that this discourse has written non-fiction recount genre.
But, we cannot make sure that a type of discourse always has the same characteristics, because discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous. Discourse is sometimes heterogeneous. Here, we provide two videos which have the same genre, but quite different in terms of language features and structures.
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From the videos, we can feel that the first and the second videos are quite different. The structure in the first video is introduction (addressing, personal value), content (some important issues, e.g: financial issues, goals of America, ), closing (hope for American future, blessing). The language features used in the first video is more formal, present tense. The atmosphere created is formal.
From the second video, the structure is introduction (personal value without addressing), content (some goals), closing (. The language features used in the video is mixing, unclear and needs more understanding. The atmosphere created is a bit humorous.
Although they have different characteristics, they have the same genre in term of purpose, that is political genre.
From those videos, we can conclude that we cannot stick to an idea that a genre of discourse always has the same characteristics. AGAIN, discourse is neither absolutely homogenous nor absolutely heterogeneous.
5. Contemporary Genre Contemporary theorists tend to emphasize the importance of the semiotic notion of intertextuality: of seeing individual texts in relation to others Most films use sub-genres e.g. action adventure, romantic comedy, psychological thriller Hybrid texts mix and match a range of genres. They use already popular and proven formula attracting a larger and often already established audience. Bricolage: The process of deliberately ‘borrowing’ or adapting the codes and conventions –signs or specific elements from different styles or genres in order to create something new. Kill Bill,2003 Quentin Tarantino Thriller, Comic book, Kung Fu The Matrix,1999 Wachowski brothers, Science Fiction, Comic Book, Fantasy Shanghai Noon,2000 Tom Dey Action, Western, Comedy, Kung Fu Auteurs are film-makers who have created their own individual style that becomes recognisable to them. They are adept at transforming established genre into something new and unique.(e.g. Tarantino, Cohen Brothers, Hitchcock)
8. ArgumentUse at least one example to support or refute the argument The Future? How do you see the future of genre
9. In pairs Describe the history of genre to them-explain how genres have developed and why? Explain your theorist’s theory of genre Discuss possible future of genre Ryall’s Theory http://prezi.com/38xmyvlm4pcc/genre-reigatemedia/Genre Theory Ryall Critical Perspective blog
10.
11. Style (the way in which the technical elements are used)
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