This document provides an overview of hydronic heating systems and concepts. It discusses pipe sizing, circulator pumps, expansion tanks, air elimination, head loss calculation, pump curves, variable speed pumping, the power of temperature differential, basic system design examples, zone valves, reset controls, cast iron boilers, circuit setters, radiant heating, and injection mixing. Key terms like Cv, head, GPM, and Delta T are explained. Diagrams illustrate components and system flow.

1. …and inside the pipe!
A hallucinogenic, psychedelic,
like totally
far-out journey through time,
space and
expansion tanks…
May 19, 2009
Presented by Taco, Inc

2. And The Wind Cries…
• Heat Loss!
Welcome to
Hydronics Land…

4. What Does That Mean?

5. Next Step – Distribution Piping

6. So, What Size Pipe, Dude?
1”

7. What’s Next?

8. Why 12 PSI?
27.72’

9. Air Eliminators

10. Basic Air Scoop

11. How Does It Work?
Increased cross Vanes deflect bubbles
sectional area slows into upper chamber
velocity
18” straight pipe –
creates laminar
flow – air comes
to the top

12. High Performance Air Removal

14. Point Of No Pressure Change

15. Pumping Toward Tank
4 psi
Circulator
0 psi 8 psi
differential drop 18.5 ’
12psi 12 psi
off
12
psi
tank

16. Pumping Toward Tank
0 psi
Circulator 8 psi
4 psi drop 18.5
8 psi differential 12 psi
on
12
psi
tank

17. Pumping Away from Tank
4 psi
8 psi
drop
12psi 18.5 ’
off

18. Pumping Away from Tank
8 psi
8 psi
drop
18.5 ’
12psi
on

19. Henry’s Law

20. Expansion & Diaphragm Tanks
Air
Water

21. How a Diaphragm Tank Works

22. Boyle’s Law

23. Sizing Expansion Tanks

24. Centrifugal Pump Basics

25. Centrifugal Pump

26. Circulator Anatomy
Impeller,
Engineered Plastic
Casing,
Cast Iron or
Bronze

27. Water Lubricated Cartridge

28. How The Water Moves

29. "Head"
2.31’

30. An Important Truth…
≠

31. Sizing A Circulator

32. Let’s Do One…
37,000
20 X 500
37,000
=
10,000
= 3.7

33. Series Loop Maximums
Tube Size BTUH/Ft Max BB Max BTUH
½” 600 25 feet 15,000
¾” 600 67 feet 40,000
1” 770 104 feet 80,000
1¼” 790 177 feet 140,000

34. Estimating Head Loss

35. Real Head Loss

36. Calculating Head Loss

37. Reading A Pump Curve
Head
Flow

38. But At Lower Flows…

39. Reading A Pump Curve
Head
Flow

40. Steep & Flat Curves

41. Variable Speed Pumping

42. The Power of Delta T

43. A Simple System…
Total heat loss: 75,000 BTUH
Each zone: 25,000 BTUH
Boiler S&R Mains: 1”
Zone Piping: ¾”
Head Loss: 9’

44. System Curve
System
15
Operating Point –
All Zones Calling
10
5
5 10 15 20

45. When Zone Valves Close…

46. As Zone Valves Close…
System System
Operating Point – Operating Point –
2 Zones Calling 1 Zone Calling
15 15
10 10
5 5
5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20
6.5 GPM 4 GPM

47. As Zone Valves Close…
System
Operating Point –
2 Zones Calling
ΔT x 500
15
ΔT x 500
10
5
5 10 15 20
6.5 GPM

48. Universal Hydronic Formula
GPM
÷ 500
6.5

49. A Better Solution…
15
10
5
5 10 15 20 Taco 00-VDT

50. A Simple Solution

51. Peace, Love
& Hydronic Mixing…

52. Why Mix?

53. Mixing For The Radiant
Cv : flow
across a
piping
component
needed to
create 1 PSI
pressure
drop

54. How Much Head?
Cv : flow
across a
piping
component
needed to
create 1 PSI
pressure
drop

55. iValve Reset

56. How Does It Know?
720 – Design Outdoor Temp

57. Let’s Do One…
=
72 - 0
= 0.8
72

58. What Does 0.8 Mean?

59. Cast Iron Boilers

60. Cv Woes?

61. First, The Piping
Injection circulator

62. How Does It Work?
1300 Radiant
Supply
1800 Boiler
1800 Supply
1200
Mixing Point 1200 Radiant
Return

63. Let’s Figure It Out…
1300 Radiant
Supply
1800 Boiler
Supply
BTUH
ΔT x 500
30,000 1200 Radiant
60 x 500 Return

64. Some Baseboard Info…

65. And More…

66. Something Different…
Low temperature heating range