The document discusses the application of nanotechnology in the development of miniaturized devices, emphasizing their significance in fields like electronics, medicine, and engineering. It highlights how nanotechnology allows for precise manufacturing of nano-scale components, improved materials, and energy efficiency, alongside various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and gene therapy. Additionally, it presents examples like nanoparticles, nanobiosensors, and microfluidic systems, demonstrating the role of nanotechnology in advancing these miniaturized devices.

1. Miniaturized Devices - Nanotechnology
and Biomedical Devices
Course Name: Biophysics and Nanosciences
Course Code: SIAS BT 1 3 02 C 4004
Submitted By -
Versha Rai
221254
MSc. Biotechnology
Submitted To -
Dr. Ram Gopal Nitharwal
Dept. of Biotechnology
Central University of Haryana

2. Table of contents:
01 Introduction
02 Miniaturized Devices
03 Examples

3. INTRODUCTION:
Nanotechnology
❖ A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter.
❖ Nanotechnology is the DESIGN, FABRICATION and UTILIZATION of MATERIALS, STRUCTURES and
DEVICES which are less than 100 nm.
Why Nanotechnology?
❖ ULTRASMALL (miniaturized) sensors, communication and navigation systems with very LOW MASS,
VOLUME and POWER CONSUMPTION are NEEDED.

4. MINIATURIZED DEVICES:
❖ Miniaturized devices are small-scale electronic or mechanical systems that have been designed
and manufactured to be significantly smaller.
❖ They have applications in various fields, including electronics, medicine, and engineering.
Examples: microchips, microsensors.
❖ Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in the development and functioning of miniaturized
devices.

6. Here are some ways nanotechnology is involved in miniaturized devices:
1. Nano-scale Manufacturing: Nanotechnology enables the fabrication of tiny components with extraordinary
precision, allowing for the assembly of miniaturized devices with high levels of integration and performance.
2. Improved Materials: Nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles, can be used to create
stronger, lighter and more conductive materials, which are essential for miniaturized devices.
3.Energy Efficiency: Nanotechnology can help reduce power consumption in miniaturized electronic devices,
extending battery life and making them more efficient.
4. Biomedical Applications: Nanotechnology has enabled the development of miniaturized medical devices
for drug delivery, diagnostics, and imaging at the cellular and molecular levels.

7. Fig. Roles of Miniaturized Devices

8. Examples of Biomedical Devices:
1. Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery:
❖ Made of biocompatible materials like lipids or polymers, can carry drugs to specific cells or tissues.
Ex - liposomal doxorubicin is used to treat cancer.
2. Nanobiosensors:
❖ Nanoscale biosensors can detect specific biomolecules or pathogens.
Ex - carbon nanotubes with antibodies can be used to detect proteins associated with diseases
3. Nanorobots for Targeted Therapy:
❖ Nanorobots, controlled remotely or autonomously, can navigate through the body to deliver drugs
or perform specific tasks, such as removing clots or cancer cells.
4. Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy:
❖ Nanotechnology is used to deliver genetic material to correct or replace faulty genes. Lipid
nanoparticles and viral vectors at the nanoscale are employed in gene therapy applications.

9. NANOTUBES-MARKING MUTATIONS:
❖ A nanodevice that will help identify DNA changes associated with cancer is the nanotube.
❖ Nanotubes are carbon rods about half the diameter of a molecule of DNA that not only can detect the
presence of altered genes, but they may help to pinpoint the exact location of those changes.
❖ To prepare DNA for nanotube analysis, scientists must attach a bulky molecule to regions of the DNA
that are associated with cancer.
❖ They can design tags that seek out specific mutations in the DNA and bind to them.
❖ Once the mutation has been tagged, researchers use a nanotube tip resembling the needle on a record
player to trace the physical shape of DNA and pinpoint the mutated regions.
❖ Nanotube creates a map showing the shape of the DNA molecule, including the tags identifying
important mutations.
❖ Since the location of mutations can influence the effects they have on a cell, these techniques will be
important in predicting disease.

10. Fig: Nanotubes - Marking Mutations

11. Fig: Nanotubes - Mapping Mutations

12. MICROFLUIDICS (LAB ON A CHIP):
❖ The newest technologies within nanodiagnostics involve microfluidic or "lab on a chip" systems,
in which the DNA sample is completely unknown.
❖ The idea behind this kind of chip is simple: the combination of numerous processes of DNA
analysis are combined on a single chip composed of a single glass and silicon substrate.
❖ The device itself is composed of microfabricated fluidic channels, heaters, temperature sensors,
electrophoretic chambers, and fluorescence detectors to analyze nanoliter-size DNA samples.
❖ This device is described as capable of measuring aqueous reagent and DNA-containing solutions,
mixing the solutions together, amplifying or digesting the DNA to form discrete products, and
then separating and detecting those products.
❖ Using a pipette, a sample of DNA containing solution is placed on one fluid-entry port and a
reagent containing solution on the other port. Capillary action draws both solutions into the
device.

13. General Diagram of Lab on a Chip

14. Miniaturized devices for point-of-care testing/miniaturization and integration with
microfluidic systems - ScienceDirect

15. Fig: Nanodevices as a link between Detection, Diagnostics and Treatment

16. REFERENCES:
❖ Nanoelectronics | PPTSlideSharehttps://www.slideshare.net › nanoelectronics-63718699
❖ NanotechnologyWikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Nanotechnology
❖ GoogleGooglehttps://www.google.com

17. THANK YOU