Good presentation

2. BACKGROUND
• “Interests are the raw material of negotiation. The game of the negotiation
is based on their exchange.” (Roger Fisher; Harvard Business Model)
• The method is framed on four basic aspects: people, interests, options
and standards (objective criteria)
• Negotiation is a conflict of interest.
• Sometimes we scarify an important interest because we do not want to
give it to other will less importance.

3. APPLICATION OF
HARVARD MODEL

4. • Roger Fisher and William Ury of Harvard wrote a seminal work on negotiation
entitled “Getting to yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving In”.
• The “Principled Negotiation” theory which they developed was first applied to the
Camp David negotiations between Egypt and Israel in 1978.
“GOOD NEGOTIATION”
Is more than just getting to “yes.” A good agreement is one which is wise and
efficient, and which improves relationships. Wise agreements satisfy both parties’
interests and are fair and lasting. With most long-term clients, business partners
and team members the quality of the ongoing relationship is more important than the
outcome of the particular negotiation. In order to preserve and hopefully improve
relationships how you get to “yes” matters.

5. CONFLICT: CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW
ACCESS ROAD TO SUNGAI PENUH
CUTTING THROUGH KERINCI SEBLAT
NATIONAL PARK IN SUMATRA

6. CLASS ACTIVITY
Steps
• Selection of Mediator and Assistant Mediator
• Assigned role by Mediator
• Brief introduction of conflict by Mediator
• Brainstorming and discussion on conflict
• Identification of common interest on conflict
• Criteria for good solution and agree on solution
• Conclude agreement
Duration
2 hours

7. • Kerinci Seblat National Park is the largest National Park on the island of Sumatra,
Indonesia and one of the largest protected areas in all of South East Asia
• 370 species of birds, 85 species of mammals and 4,000 species of plants
• Total area:13,791 km2
• Established: 4 October, 1982
• legally confirmed: 1999
• Governing body: Ministry of Environment and Forestry
• One of thirteen Globally Important Tiger Conservation Landscapes
• Highest population of Tigers on Sumatra, estimated to be between 165-190
individuals
• Part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site (2004) Tropical Rainforest Heritage of
Sumatra, the Kerinci Seblat National Park has a wide variety of geological features and
landscapes from volcanoes and cloud forests, hot springs to waterfalls to lakes, Kerinci
is diverse in every way
• Six species of Wild Cats
KERINCI SEBLAT NATIONAL PARK

8. • KSNP has faced most of the challenges common
to protected areas in tropical countries- illegal
logging, illegal mining and encroachment.
• These activities were mainly viewed by park
officials as opportunistic acts perpetrated by
residents of villages surrounding the park rather
than coordinated challenges to the central
government's administration of the park.
• In the years just after the park's designation, park
managers had limited enforcement resources, and
so in some areas fields and agroforests that
predated the park's founding were allowed to
remain.
25.86%
30.86%
22.73%
20.55%

10. Role Name
Mediator Iqra Ismail
Assistant Mediator Tayyaba Nazir
Bupati/ Mayor of Sungai Penuh
Zahid Hussain
Atiq-ur-Rehman
Chief Warden, Kerinci Seblat National Park
Umair-Bin-Saad
Muhammad Bilal Akram
Representative of Ministry of Environment and Forestry Muhammad Nadeem
A Swiss Environmental NGO Sumaira Chohan
A Tour Operator Based in Jambi Aqsa Jabeen
Chamber of Commerce, Sungai Penuh Muhammad Ikram Anwar
Regional Planners’ Association of Central Sumarta
Muhammad Ihsan Nawaz
Khawaja Junaid Ahmed
Representative of the Suku Anak Dalam People Muhammad Suleman
Environmental Activist
Uzma Afzal
Hassam Ali
Transporter Muhammad Farhan Zaheer
Poverty Eradication Activist Usama Younas

11. Role Name Status Personal Intentions
Mediator Iqra Ismail Neutral Satisfying both parties
Assistant Mediator Tayyaba Nazir Neutral Satisfying both parties
Bupati/ Mayor of Sungai Penuh
Zahid Hussain
Atiq-ur-Rehman
In Favor Corruption
Chief Warden, Kerinci Seblat National Park
Umair-Bin-Saad
Muhammad Bilal Akram
Against
Has personal grudges with the Mayor
Representative of Ministry of Environment
and Forestry
Muhammad Nadeem Against
Wants to favour some other project in this
area.
A Swiss Environmental NGO Sumaira Chohan Against
Becoming famous though media by
opposing the project
A Tour Operator Based in Jambi Aqsa Jabeen In Favor
Boosting her business if tourism will be
promoted.
Chamber of Commerce, Sungai Penuh Muhammad Ikram Anwar In Favor Corruption
Regional Planners’ Association of Central
Sumarta
Muhammad Ihsan Nawaz
Khawaja Junaid Ahmed
In Favor
Getting privileges from mayor by
supporting the project
Representative of the Suku Anak Dalam
People
Muhammad Suleman In Favor
Becoming famous in the community and
get elected for the next tensure
Environmental Activist
Uzma Afzal
Hassam Ali
Against Always supports Swiss NGO
Transporter Muhammad Farhan Zaheer In Favor More Economic Benefits
In Favor Economic Benefits
Competing (Want to Win) and Collaborating (Try to solve the problem)

12. Conflict Map

13. Roles Arguments
Chief Warden, Kerinci
Seblat National Park
• Road construction through national parks is forbidden by national law without
the consent of the MoF (Ministry of Forest). The MoF has not approved any of the
proposed roads not only because of their ecological impacts, but also because
roads pose a threat to the MoF's control over forest resources. The MoF, like other
bureaucratic entities responsible for land, forests, and other natural resources, is
both regulator and rent seeker, and so increased access for district elites potentially
decreases the ability of the MoF to reach lucrative conservation and/or exploitation
agreements with multinational corporations, international nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs), and other non-state actors.
• Roads are also opposed by local, national, and international conservation
organizations.
• The main argument against the road proposals is that they will adversely impact
KSNP. Roads directly impact protected areas by increasing edge effects and
fragmented habitats, which leads to a wide variety of avoidance behaviors among
key species. These impacts are compounded by the economic and physical
contexts in which roads are constructed on Sumatra. Road construction in Indonesia
is rife with corruption from the sub-district level all the way up to the national level.
• Conservationists and park officials also point to the secondary effects of road
construction, asserting that new roads would provide a point of entry for illegal
loggers and poachers as well as frontier encroachment on either side of the
road.
Representative of Ministry
of Environment and
Forestry
A Swiss Environmental
NGO
Environmental Activist

14. Roles Arguments
Bupati/ Mayor of Sungai Penuh • District governments argue that roads provide an economic advantage, providing
shorter routes to existing markets and additional routes to new markets.
• For farmers in the mostly agricultural communities surrounding KSNP, new, shorter,
and better roads decrease transportation time and costs.
• They will help in opening up isolated and underdeveloped areas or that they will
reconnect villages and regions that have traditional or historical ties.
Most of the districts around the park argue that it is an obstacle to development.
• Not only can they not benefit from the timber, ore, and land sequestered within the
park, but the ban on existing roads serves as an enforced isolation that puts them at
an unfair disadvantage in relation to other districts. In many instances this is true,
e.g. Kerinci district in Jambi province, which is a densely populated enclave
completely surrounded by the park, is accessible only via three roads, which adds to
travel times and increases the cost of consumer goods. It takes 12 hours by road to
reach the provincial capital (Jambi City) and seven hours to reach the nearest port.
However, the role of road construction in district politics cannot be ignored.
• As the proposed road allows connectivity to airport, tour operator is of the view
that tourism will be promoted as accessibility would increase. More revenue will
be generated as an outcome which will help to overcome the economic
investment made in this project.
• The Representative of transport sector supports the argument with the view point
that this project will be beneficial for the locals by providing accessibility to
markets and other basic facilities like school, hospitals; of which they are
deprived of.
A Tour Operator Based in Jambi
Chamber of Commerce, Sungai
Penuh
Regional Planners’ Association of
Central Sumarta
Representative of the Suku Anak
Dalam People
Transporter
Poverty Eradication Activist

15. • After listening the argument of all roles, Mediator and Assistant Mediator
tried to resolve the conflict by bringing both parties to level of compromise in
order to achieve some of their goals.
• Issues mentioned by opposing parties were discussed with supporting party
and they were asked to accommodate their perspective in their plans in order
to satisfy their concerns.
• After discussion with supporting party, mediator and assistant mediator listed
down the possible solutions and presented them to he other party.
• After mutual consensus, some solutions were extracted which are mentioned
on next slide.
Compromising (Ready to give up some of my claims, if receive something
from other party) and Accommodating (Prepared for sacrifice)

16. It’s a win-win situation where both parties have to compromise for their benefits.
Concluding the discussion and satisfying the opposing parties, the favoring
parties agreed upon the following conditions to be met regarding the
proposal:
• Government will provide separate land for forest in place of the land taken for the project.
• Government has to ensure that the project is not totally political but aims to lessen social
and economic barriers. It should also ensure provision of facilities for villages around the
park.
• EIA and TIA to be conducted and submitted for the project. Moreover, government should
ensure effective monitoring of the project during operation phase.
CONCLUSION/AGREEMENT

17. THANKS